应用文写作期末总复习
考试时间：2014年6月16日(第17周周一)第3,4节
题型：1.单项选择
2.判断
3.拟写公文标题
4.分析指误
5.写作
应试方法：
1.单项选择题考查对基础理论知识的掌握能力，内容涵盖所有所学章节。单项选择题的备选答案，均具备似真性，容易引我们进入“陷阱”，这类题型所涉及的内容比较宽泛，从概念理解、格式把握、文种分类到语言的表达、文种的应用范围等无所不包，这种题型，主要考查学生的识记和理解能力。重点是文种的运用与格式。
2.判断题主要是考查学生的实际应用能力、判断能力。判断题可以是对内容的判断，如性质、概念解释等的判断，更主要的还是对形式方面的判断，如文体、语言、常规用法等。
3.标题拟写题，重点考查对所给材料的归纳把握能力，和文种判断能力。
4.分析指误题主要是考查学生应用所学理论分析问题、解决问题的能力。分析指误题重在分析，在理论基础上，指出文章的存在问题，不需要分析文章好的地方。答好该题要注意分条列项，一项一事，既指出问题还要说明原因。可以针对某个错误之处提出修改意见，但不需要将全篇文章进行重改。主要从文章的文体、结构、语言、格式等方面找问题。
5.写作题是对学生写作实践能力，特别是书面能力的考核，同时也是对考生的政策水平、语文水平、知识积累和综合分析能力的全面测试。应用文体的写作题，与记叙文、议论文等基础写作有较大的区别。应用文体的写作题涉及到的比较重要的文种有：通知、通告、通报、报告、请示、批复、函、计划、总结等。重点掌握函、请示、批复、通告的写作。
应用文体的写作题，就命题方法而言，有续写、改写、改错并写作、命题写作、根据所给材料写作等形式。本次考试为根据所给材料写作。
写作题中要特别注意的问题主要有：一是充分认识到基础写作与应用写作的区别，不能用基础写作的思维和表达方法来写应用写作，要注意选词造句的不同;二是要能换位思考，要能让自己站到试题所要求的特定身份的位置上去，以特定身份去思维;三是要从文字、内容、结构三方面加以训练，模仿教材的例文多加实践、多加揣摩。写作水平的提高非一朝一夕的功夫，而要靠平时多记、多念、多读、多写，只要重在平时，肯定会写好写作实践题。
复习纲要：
第一章绪论
一、应用文的表达方式P145
叙述、说明、议论
二、应用文的专门用语P158-159
第二章公文概述
一、公文的种类(15种)
决议、决定、命令(令)、公报、公告、通告、意见、通知、通报、报告、请示、批复、议案、函和纪要。
二、公文的行文方向
按照公文的行文关系和行文方式，公文可分为上行文、下行文、平行文。
上行文是下级机关向所属的上级机关呈送的公文，主有请示和报告等。
平行文是指同级机关或不相隶属机关之间的一种行文，主要有函等。
下行文是指上级机关向下级机关发送的公文，主要有命令、决定、通报、通知、批复等。
三、公文的格式(重点掌握)
(可参照教材、《党政机关公文处理工作条例》(中办发〔2012〕14号)和《党政机关公文格式》(GB/T 9704-2012)的相关内容)
重点掌握发文字号、密级、紧急程度、签发人、主送机关、抄送机关、标题、成文时间、落款、层次结构的格式。
第三章 行政公文
第一节 命令与决定
命令和决定的适用范围。
命令(令)是依照有关法律公布行政法规和规章，宣布施行重大强制性行政措施，嘉奖有关单位及人员的下行公文。是国家行政机关及其领导人发布的指挥性和强制性的公文。
决定是对重要事项或者重大行动做出安排，奖惩有关单位及人员，变更或者撤销下级机关不适当的决定事项的公文。
第二节 公告与通告
一、公告和通告的适用范围;
二、公告和通告的发布权限;
三、公告和通告的文种区别。
四、通告的写作。
第三节 通知与通报
一、通知的分类
1.批转通知
2.转发通知
3.传达通知：包括印发通知、要求办理或知晓的通知、会议通知
4.任免通知
二、批转和转发通知的区别以及标题写作
三、通报的适用范围以及写作
第四节 报告与请示
一、报告和请示的适用范围、行文要求
二、报告和请示的区别
三、报告和请示的标题写作
四、请示的写作
第五节 批复与函
一、批复的标题写作
二、函的适用范围
三、去函和复函的写作
考研应用文写作(A节作文) 一. 应用文写作要求: 1 内容全面(覆盖面) 2 语言自然(词汇丰富,衔接手段的应用) 3 语法正确
4 语域得体(正式与非正式) 5 格式正确
二. 写作类型:1信件(私人及公务)
2 备忘录
3 摘要
4 报告
三. 写作总体把握:确定文章格式 与语域,抓住关键词,合理想象, 确定文章内容与结构
应用文分类破解 信件写作
(A) 信件格式:称呼 正文 结束语
签名
1 第一段自我介绍句型: I am
(a staff member of) _____________. 写作目的句型: I am writing the letter in purpose of _____________.
感谢对方来信的句型: It is really a surprise to receive your letter of June 18. Your letter of June 18th has arrived. What a pleasing surprise!
thThank you for your letter of June 18. 2 结尾段句型: 1)表示感谢:My thanks to you for your general help are beyond words. I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation to the kind assistance you render me.
I apologize for all the inconvenienced I have Caused
2) 期待回信
I am looking forward to your favorable reply at your earliest convenience. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
B 求学信写作
1首段: 自我介绍,申请原因, 说明写信目的 2 主体:自己的背景资料,询问对方学校的资料
3 结尾: 希望尽快收到答复,表示感谢与期待
常用句型:
th1) I am writing to inquire about the entrance to your university.
2) I wish to apply to your esteemed department as a postgraduate student. 3) Your university is a well-staffed and well-equipped institute with a long history and a fine tradition of scholarship. 4) Would you please be kind to furnish me with some related information?(P27)
C 投诉信
1 自我介绍,引出投诉内容 2 描述个人经历
时间、地点。First, …..then….. Later,…. Next,…. Soon,….. Eventually,….
3 引起有关人员或公众注意,避免再次发生 4 希望能尽快得到满意答复 常用句型: 1 I’m writing to put forward some opinions about
2 I’m writing to complain about
3 I’m writing to you to express my dissatisfaction with 4 I hope that the authorities concerned will consider my suggestions and improve the situation as best as they can.
5 We trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind.
D 求职信
1 说明信息来源,表明写作目的和应聘职位. 2 详述个人经历和能力:教育程度,所学专业(或询问薪水待遇) 3 希望获得面试机会,提供联系方式,感谢对方关心 常用句型:
1 I have read your advertisement in _____, and I should be grateful if you could consider me favorable for this position. 2 I am writing to apply for the position of __________ which you advertised in ____. 3 I am writing to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the job of ___ you have advertised in
4 I graduated from the ________ university majoring in ______. I have been working in ______ since my graduation, and therefore attained a fair knowledge and experience in this field.
5 I would appreciate it if you could grant me an interview so that I could explain in more details. 6 With the kind of experience I have accumulated, I would expect a salary of not less than ___ 7 If you want to know more about me, please contact me at ________. 求职信范文
Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress. Enclosed with the letter is my resume, which further details my qualifications and previous work experience.
Not only do my qualifications and work experience make me a perfect candidate for the job, but my personality is well suited to working as a waitress. I am a very friendly person who can quickly establish rapport with people of all ages.
I would like to meet with you at your earliest convenience, to discuss the possibility of working at your restaurant. Thank you for your consideration of my application. I look forward to meeting you in the near future.
Your sincerely Li Ming The principle of hard work applies to 应用文写作(二) 推荐信写作
第一段:介绍自己背景,与被推荐人的关系以及为何事推荐
常用句型: As________(自己的背景或者与被推荐者的关系), I take great pleasure in recommending _________for acceptance into(for the position of )________.
I am_________. I am writing with pleasure to recommend _____, one of my favorite students, as far as all that I know, for the position in your company.
第二段:具体说明被推荐者的细节 常用句型: With good educational background and excellent character, ______ is qualified to apply for an appropriate position in your company.
第三段:表示期待以及愿意进一步提供信息 常用句型: A long journey begins with the first step. As far as I know of him, I am very pleased to write this letter of reference to support ______, a very promising young man to apply for ________. If you want to know more information about him, please don’t hesitate to contact me at _____. According to my knowledge of him in the past three years, I believe _____is qualified for this position. Should you need any further information about this student, please feel free to contact me ______. 感谢信句型
Please accept my belated thanks for__________. I really appreciated your ___________. I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for _________.
备忘录写作 Date: To: From: Subject: 正文:
通知的写作
Notice /announcement All students are requested to be present at the meeting to be held in the school auditorium on Saturday , January 14, 2005 at 3:00 pm. The meeting scheduled to take place this Tuesday is postponed until further notice.
写作病句回顾
1 There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio and newspapers. 2 When he made the decision. He found he began to regret.
3 English is a compulsory course in many colleges, and a student must pass it before he earns his degree. 4 The problem is that your brain is less and less efficient, your process is slower and slower.
5 However, there are still many students applying for teaching positions, teachers are very popular in our society. 6 Take photos is my habit during travel. 7 Our class has more than 200 students, often forcing me to sit on the floor. 8 Because I want to be a scientist, so I worked very hard. 9 I want to buy something that you will like it.
10 Knowledge, it is the most important things of our world.
11 To make progress, many factors have to be taken into account. 12 In Nanjing, the weather is fine, you can enjoy your life here.
13 Getting married is easy, staying married is a difficult matter.
14 To learn English well is not an easy work. 15 But it may occur many problems. 16 Being a professor needs knowledge, patience and your virtue.
17 Seeing this, many thoughts came into his mind.
However people who hold the view :global shortage of fresh water On the top of that, with the increasing of the factory .(前面句号改成逗号,前面不是一个完整的句子)There will need fresh water For example , a child lives with his parent for 18 years, when he go to university , he even don’t know what clothes to wear in every seasons. there is(删除) the flower fades in the same situation without the green house. Face(facing) this situation, drastic measure have be taken to and this unhealthy trend This picture vividly depicts that the athlete rushing to the end of line that is marked “start” in front and “end” in behind. But others do not agree with it, and believe there is several opportunity in everyone. more and more people come to realize that(删除) the important of kownledge.
便条是一种简单的书信。虽然内容简单，但却有其独特的风格。主要目的是为了尽快的吧最新的信息、通知、要求或者活动的时间、地点转告给对方。常见的便条有收条、欠条、留言和请假条等。
便条可以有题目，也可以省略题目。
便条开篇须有称呼语，但称呼可以比较随便。
日期部分可写在便条的右上角。
日期的签署通常只需写星期几或星期几的上午、下午，也可只写上午或下午和具体时间。 只写日期也可以。 便条结尾须署上留条人的姓名，位置在正文的右下角。
便条的形式和内容简洁，故可以用几句话概括。
文内语言尽量通俗口语化，简单扼要，直截了当，无需使用客套语言。
便条虽简单，但中心务必突出，更要注明活动的时间及地点。
便条不需邮寄，不用信封。通常请人代为转交。有时可写在留言板和留言簿上。
基本写作格式
便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下几个基本要素;
1) Date：便条日期
2) Salutation：称呼
3) Body：正文 4) Signature：署名
样例
收条：即收到钱物之后，给交钱或送物人写张字据，说明已经收到某物，可留作证据。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改。
Jan.23rd,2003 Received from Student, Wang Zihao one hundred yuan only for this month's tuition fee.
Li Man
For the Finance Office of Foreign Language Institute
欠条;留下字据，表示欠某人某物。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改。
Sept. 16th, 2002
Borrowed from the Foreign Language Department Reference Library three books as follows:
A copy of History and Anthology of English Literature by Wu Weiren
A copy of A Survey of American Literature by Chang Yaoxin A copy of World Literature by Jiang Chengen
Wu Zhuo
For the Office ofSocial Science Department
留言;用书面留下要说的话。留言涉及的方面很多，包括约会，通知，请求等任何可用便条留下的口信。
Tuesday
Dear Li,
As the Spring Festival is drawing near, I'm very glad to invite you to come to a dinner party with several other friends of ours. I'm sure we will have a very happy time and enjoy ourselves thoroughly. Would you like to come on time at 5:00 p.m. today, to Room 6 of Lijing Hotel?
Yours always,Jiayang
请假条：往往指由于生病或特殊情况不能亲自当面请假，用假条的形式告假。所以，请假条大多是病假条。可以自写，也可请他人代写。写假条最重要的是说明原因和请假的期限。
Jan. 10th
Dear Ms. Jiang,
I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this morning's two periods of English Class due to a bad cold and high fever. Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor who said I must stay in bed for a few days. I will go back to school as soon as I recover.
Yours respectfully, Tian Ye
常用句子
I shall feel obliged if you will favor me with a call at your earliest convenience.
如您方便，请早日来电，我将不胜感激。
Delighted!Will call at 2 p.m. tomorrow.
来条收悉，定于明天下午两点拜访。
Encl.: Doctor's Certificate of Advice.
附;医生证明
I shall be bery happy to call at your house at 6:30 this everying. Until then,...
我定于今晚6：30去你家，望等候。
Upon receiving this note, please come to my office.
见条后，请立即来我办公室。
Mr. Li stands in urgent need of your service.
李先生急需你的帮助。
I happen to be in urgent need of 200 yuan.
我因有急事，需要200元。
Yours note with an admission ticket enclosed is much appreciated.
留言和一张入场券均已收到，不胜感激。
I'm very grateful to you for your kind invitation, and I'm sure to come to see your concert.
承蒙邀请观看你们的音乐会，我一定按时到场。
Please accept this little figt as a small token of my esteen for you. 奉上这小小的礼物，以表达我对您的崇高敬意。
结束语
I trust my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience.
望我的缺席不会给你带来太大的不便。
Please favor me with an early reply.
敬请早复。
Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.
希望能及早处理此事。
Please give an extension of leave for three days. 请准予续假三天为盼。
考研英语便笺写作(Note Writing)重点
2006年考研英语写作分成两部分：第一部分是应用文写作，包括书信、便笺、备忘录等，要求写100字左右;第二部分是短文写作，这部分字数要求跟以往不一样，以往要求写200多字，现在要求写160字到200字之间。本文给大家讲讲便笺写作(Note Writing)写作要点。 便笺写作(Note Writing)实际上与书信写作(Letter Writing)大致相似，但有三点主要不同：
1. 便笺较随便，因此语气通常更轻松，格式和语言都是如此。
2. 通常便笺较短，应言简意赅，这意味着你必须略去冗余信息。3. 便笺写起来往往更具个性化，通常语言更接近口语，更直接。
一、样 题：
Directions:
You are late for an appointment with a professor. You also have books that are due at the library in a few hours. Write a note to your roommate asking if she could return the books for you. In return for the favor, offer to buy her lunch.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文：
Dear Jane,
I have a big favor to ask you. I am late for my appointment with Professor Jones, and need to go directly to his office. I also have two books that are due back at the library this evening. As I will not be able to get to the library before it closes, I was wondering if you would possibly have the time to return the books for me.
I realize this is a big favor to ask of you, as you are also very busy. In return for help, I would like to buy you lunch tomorrow. Thanks in advance!
译文：
亲爱的简，
我要请你帮个大忙。我与琼斯教授有个约会，现在已经晚了，我得直接去他的办公室。可我还有两本书要还图书馆，今晚就到期了。我可能在图书馆关门之前赶不到那里，所以我想知道你能否有时间帮我还。
我知道你也很忙，这可真太麻烦你了。为了感谢你帮忙，我明天请你吃午饭吧。谢谢!
二、模拟练习
模拟题一：
Your roommate has been very busy and has neglected to clean his part of the dormitory in an appropriate length of time. Write a note asking him to rectify the situation.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
模拟题二：
An acquaintance of yours is selling textbooks that you require for a course you are taking next semester. Write him a note enquiring about the books' conditions and prices.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
2011年考研临近，考研教育专家根据2011年考研写作的命题要求，特别整理了写作高分秘籍与大家分享，希望能在最后的时间里帮助大家最大限度的提高写作能力!
第四篇 应用文
满分策略：
4.1信函写作：个人书信
语域使用：正式—使用礼貌表达，不用缩略语(对公)
半正式—可以使用缩略和口语表达(对私)
非正式(一般不考)——It depends
组成部分：称呼、正文、落款
4.1.1格式：称呼、落款、正文
4.1.2内容
三段(8句)：写作目的段、细化段、感谢或者期待。
4.1.3各种信函内容安排
建议信：2007年及2009年PartA真题及解析：
基本结构和常用句型：
Dear„
自我介绍，赞扬在先，仍需改进，提出建议。
1
建议细节
期望改进，表示感谢。
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
与投诉信比较：仍然以提建议为主：无需赞扬，直接表明写信目的—即提建议：最后无需感谢，只需表示期待改进。
常用句型：
I am writing with my suggestion about„„„
I would like to suggest that„
I hope you will find these suggestions helpful
I would like to extend my appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration
We would like to draw your attention to something you have obviously failed to notice(投诉信)
I am writing to express my concern|dissatisfaction|disappointment about„(投诉信)
To improve the situation ，it is advisable for you to take the following measures(投诉信)
We trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind (投诉信)
致歉信：2008PartA真题及解析
2
基本结构和常用句型：
Dear„
表明写信目的：道歉
阐述道歉原因，并提出解决方法。
再次道歉。
常用句型：
I am writing to apologize to you for my failing to „
Here is my deepest apology for „„
I would like to express my apologies for not being able to„
I am writing to you with some embarrassment and many apologies.
Excuse me for my carelessness in making such a mess
I am really sorry for the trouble.Would you mind if I „。?
Would it be convenient for you „?
To make up for the inconvenience caused，I would like to „„
Once again ，I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
申请信：2006年PartA 真题及解析(申请信)
基本结构和常用句型：
3
Dear„
告知信息来源及写信目的
突出重点的自我介绍，
附简历
表示感谢。
Yours sincerely ，
Li Ming
常用句型：
I learnt from the newspaper that you are wanting an accountant and I would like to apply for the job
Sb， suggested me to write to you about the medical physicist position at ABC Med-Instrument Corporation
Enclosed is my resume to provide additional information about my undergraduate work.
I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss further how my qualifications meet the needs of your organization.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
辞职信：2005年PartA真题及解析(辞职信)：
基本结构和常用句型：
Dear„，
写信目的表明要辞职。
给出辞职原因。
感谢栽培并表示抱歉。
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
常用句型：
I am sorry to tell you that I decided to quit the job of being a „职业。
I am writing to inform you of my decision： I am going to quit my present job.
Please accept my apology.
I have been trying in vain to convince myself that the job is interesting.
I highly appreciate the invaluable experience and happy days working here.
Thank you for your patience ， understanding ， and trust.
询问信：考研英语大纲样题应用文部分(询问信)：
基本结构和常用句型：
Dear „，
自我介绍，表明写信目的是咨询某事。
询问细节。
感谢及相关信息。
Your sincerely
Li Ming
常用句型：
27.I am writing this letter to inquire about „
28.I want to/would like to know „
29.I wonder if „
30.Would it be possible for you to „?
31.How should I pay for these books ?—by cash or by other means ?
32.Finally ， if I order these books now， when can I get them ? How will these books be delivered to my house?
33.I should be grateful if you could give me an early reply.
邀请信：
基本结构：
Dear„，
发出邀请。
为何邀请细节。
6
期望参加。
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
常用句型：
We are having a farewell party/a gather together/meeting/seminar in (place) on (date) at (time)。 Would you like to come?(不太正式)
It is my honor to inform you that there is an academic meeting in (place) on (date) at (time)。(正式)
We would be too glad to invite you as an expert to our school for the inquiry of studying abroad.
If you have no other plans for this weekend night， will you do us a favor of going to our party?
接收邀请与谢绝邀请的表达法：都要表示感谢。
Accept the invitation：
Success is the last persistence at the toughest moment.成功是最艰难时刻的坚持。
Thank you very much for your invitation.
It‘s our great pleasure to accept your invitation.
Nothing would give us greater pleasure than accepting your kind invitation.
Refuse the invitation：
7
Thank you so much for your invitation ， but I have had plans at the time. If you don‘t mind， let’s make an appointment next time when you are available.
I regret that I can‘t make it because of a sudden illness/full schedule/business trip.
范文解析：
Dear Professor Wang，
It is my honor to inform you that there is a “Culture Festival” held in mu school. Would you like to give us an excellent lecture on Phychology in the auditorium of our campus on sept. 13th at 6：30 P.M.?
Since phychology has caused more and more concerns among the students， and you are an expert in the area， we all expect your acceptance and your wonderful lecture.
I very much hope than you will be able to attend and give us a talk in your branch. If you have any question. Please contact me.
Look forward to hearing your lecture.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
感谢信：
基本结构
Dear„，
表示感谢。
感谢缘由及内心感受。
再次感谢，寄予希望。
常用句型：
I sincerely appreciate your kindness and generosity.
Thank you ever much for the latest information.
Please accept out sincerest thanks for what you have done for us. (heartfelt gratitude)
I don‘t know how to thank you for such generous behavior. It is something that I will cherish for a long time to come.
I am now writing to express my great appreciation for the timely help you offered.
It was considerate of you to do me a great favor.
I wish there were a better word than “thanks” to express my appreciation.
Many thanks again for your generous hospitality.
Words fail me when I want to express my gratitude to you.
范文解析：
Dear Jim，
I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude. I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day， when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi.
If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid， I fear that the Consequences might have been much more serious. Everynoe agrees that it was your quick-witted 9 response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome„„
Although nowdays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish， we see very few people practice what they preach. If there were more people like you， this world would be a much nicer place.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
祝贺信：
基本结构：
Dear„。，
表示祝贺，为之高兴。
祝贺缘由，劳有所获。
寄予期望，取得更大成就。
再次祝贺。
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
常用句型：
Congratulations to you no getting the scholarship.
I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations no your achievement/success/graduation.
10
What wonderful news!I know how happy you must be at the news of your promotion/election.
Please accept my heartiest congratulations on your graduation/getting such a good job.
I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research work.
范文解析：
Dear Mr.Smith，
I was very happy to learn that you have been elected President of the Seotland-China Associatioin and Iwould like， on behalf of the Chinese People‘s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and in my own name，to express to you our warmest congratulations.
I hope that during your tenore of office the relations of friendship and cooperation that already exist between our two organizations will be further developed. Let us join our efforts to make greater contributions to the promotion of mutual understanding and friendship between the people‘s of China and Scotland.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
慰问信：
基本结构：
Dear„，
表示同情，
进行安慰，
11
鼓励其努力，
在此表示同情，并希望其早日复原。
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
常用句型：
I just can not tell you how sorry I was to learn of your unhappy experience/injury/accident/divorce.
I felt very sorry indeed when I was informed of your sickness.
I wish there were something I could say or do to ease your sense of loss/to soften your grief.
I know there were no words that can be a comfort to you now.
I hope that you will soon be completely restored to health/get well again.
Please don‘t hesitate to call on me if there is anything I can do now and always.
范文解析：
Dear Li Gang，
I was really shocked andsaddened to hear of your unhappy experience in the earthquake.
There is little that anyone can say or do at a time like this to ease your grief， but I would express my deepest sympathy.
In the next day or so you will receive a little package from me. I hope you like it， and that it 12 will be useful ai your present moment.What‘s more， please don’t hesitate to contact me if there is anything else I can do now and always.
I do hope you will soon get well again and be able to come back to school. Be assured of my availability and eagerness to help in any way I can.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
4.2 备忘录/告示类应用文写作(Memorandum/Notice)
基本结构：
TO：
FROM：
SUBJECT：
DATE：(month day，year)
正文
签名
模拟题及范文：
Directions：
You are an active member of the student newspaper. The newspaper is currently looking for journalists for the summer semester. Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.
Date： August 10，2005
To： All students
From： Li Ming
4.3 摘要写作(Abstract)
This article focuses on the „。
This thesis discuss/analyzes„。
This paper provides an overview of „
This paper presents up-to-date information on „
1、简单概括
2、描写画面内容，两句话描写一幅图。
3、点明中心：重点又是新起点。
This is a very interesting and though-provoking picture.1 as is vividly depicted in the picture ，the goal keeper thought he was too small for the gate and was afraid that he could not keep the ball from entering the gate. But what the player， who was ready to shoot， thought about the goal keeper could not help us thinking the truth of the picture it conveys. In his eyes， the goal keeper was so strong that he had almost covered the whole gate. And little did he have the chance to win.2 obviously， the two players looked at the same thing in a different angle.3 (in different angles)
简单概括
描写画面内容，每幅图分开描述，并递进关系。
点明中心，从不同视角看待同一问题。
2. 现象简介
Today ， advertisements is mounting numbers are appearing on the TV screen . 1 they are not only shown before and after all kinds of programs —— news， weather forecasts and quiz shows， etc. —— but even interrupt dramas and movies ，2 and annoy the viewers.3
1、概括介绍
2、细节介绍：怎么个多法儿——是节目前后和中间都有
3、带来的后果就是激怒观众。
3.寓意象征
What a vivid and accrate picture it is when describing the meaning of love in the dark. 1 As is shown in the picture ，the love is just like the light in the picture ，which seems insignificant in the sun ，but it certainly shines brighter in the dark.2 in other words ，the darker the place is ，the more precious the light will be.3 love is somewhat the same. It surely means much moer to the man who is in great difficulty than to the one who is in comforts.4
简要评价
对画面的简单描述。(结合love对画面进行分析)
寓意说明，符合题目要求
结论：灯光在越微弱的地方越明亮，爱心在越需要的地方越有价值
Species‘extinction in America. Facing the figures， we can only admit that America’s population growth has had undesirable effect on its wildlife and will still pose a formidable threat to its wildlife resources if sufficient care is not given.3
※
1、总括介绍了图画内容(运用对比，强调后者)
※
2、特别好的过渡方式：不是描述胜过描述
※
3、结论：如果不足以重视，结果不堪设想
4、原因分析
(As far as I am concerned， there are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon.)1 First and foremost， the reasons for this phenomenon are that TV is the most efficient and rapid way of dissemination(传播)information.2 As China develops its highly competitive market economy， manufacturers and sales people(salespersons)need to inform the general public of the latest commodities that are available.3 Furthermore， TV stations use the money that they earn from showing the advertisements to produce more programs. Last but not least， it is necessary to keep consumers informed of the range of (the)products that they may choose from.(原文的过渡出现在下一段)
※
1、阐述中心，或者引导本段。
※
2、例举原因
※
3、对已经提出原因的拓展
However， the tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease， 1 According to the given figures， the tobacco production in 1994 was 14.364 billion pounds while in 1995 it reduced to 14.2 billion pounds. This is mainly because 2 more and more people have become aware of the harm of smoking to human brings.Many of them resist the addiction to tobacco and advise people around not to smoke. Furthermore， governments of many countries realizing the serious effects of tobacco have taken effective measures to call on people to give up smoking. So I believe a healthy tomorrow of less tobacco will be achieved through efforts of every person.3
※
1、阐述中心
※
2、列举原因，this 作过渡词
16
※
3、如果减少吸烟人群，可能产生的结果(注意命题的积极倾向，展望未来式很合命题者口味)
5、利弊分析
In the country， on the other hand， one can enjoy the advantages of fresh air and food， and a more relaxed(relaxing)life style. Housing is usually spacious and inexpensive in the country. I and， as for recreation， what could be more relaxing than a stroll down a country lane amid beautiful scenery? 2 However， there are disadvantages of living in either the city or the country.3 City air tends to be polluted， and the streets are always crowded and noisy. In the country， on the other hand， the lack of stimulating activities can make a person feel bored and isolated.4
※
1、列举乡村居住的优势
※
2、对优势的拓展说明
※
3、过渡说明：劣势开始
※
4、列举无论城乡居住皆有劣势
6、举例说明
It seems reasonable when people laugh at the cartoon， but it would no longer be laughable when people find similar things taking place in our daily life.1 Recently there is a trend of making promises in various fields of our society. From departments of government to common shopping centers， many businesses who supple products of offer services have made various promises to their customers or service receivers.2 They assert their products to be of good quality or promise to offer excellent service.3 As a matter of fact， many of these businesses claim in the same way that(比较)the hen in the above cartoon promises to lay eggs.4
※
1、过渡：第一段说到可笑，下面就谈不可笑——连接
※
2、例子：商场、政府的承诺行为
※
3、拓展：深化承诺行为的细节
※
4、结论：同母鸡下蛋的承诺一样虚无没有价值
※表示性质，代替adj.=of +n.(小作文高分必杀)
e.g. helpful=of any help assistant=of any assistance good=of any good harmful=of any harm
The following examples will support this point.1 In schools， a unit-exam not only declares the end of the former unit， but also acts as a reminder of the preview work for the next unit. In the business field， what a CEO needs to do at the end of a year is more than review and summarize (review and summarizing)。 It is the time to formulate and effective and efficient development plan for next year.2 Just turn back to the sports ground.(句号结束)although in front of the end there isn‘t a real start——arrowhead， there surely exists an invisible one sprouting(appearing)in every athlete’s mind， blooming(being)the training strategy of the preparation for next competition.3
※
1、承上启下
※
2、举例论证
※
3、举例的同时说明结论：终点又是新起点，正是这种心态成为下次比赛成功的技巧或策略。
7、判断评论
It is clear that promise is what you claim you can do or you will do， not what you really are or you are expected to be.1 Generally speaking， it is good and sometimes necessary to make commitment to people， but promising what you must or should do can be considered a kind of cheating.2 What the cartoon really aims at is not the funny picture itself but to criticize this popular phenomenon existing in our society.3
※
1、既点名了本段主题：谈承诺，又是一个定义，起承上启下作用。
※
2、自己的建议。
※
3、再次强调“承诺”这一社会现象。
8、问题建议
Child education has become one of the most popular topics discussed not only by educational experts， but also by people in all walks(职业、行业) of life.1 The failure of child education does more harm to the development of our society and our civilization than to the children themselves. Thus， it‘s high time that parents， educators and the government made concerted(共同努力的，同心协力的，conert得来)efforts to put an end to this situation.2(家长，老师和政府应该怎么做)
※
1、引出本段主题，儿童教育的现状，用婉转的方式表达。
※
2、本段结论：三方行动
In our life， what we need most is self-insurance and a proper view of challenges before us. 1 Therefore， we should bear in mind that our competitors may not be as terrible(frightening)as expected， and our painstaking efforts will pay off as long as we arm ourselves with courage and confidence.2 Only in this way can we overcome any difficulties and challenges.3
※
1、从自己角度提出意见
※
2、具体行动的方法
※
3、only 表示强调，以及建议的价值。
9、个人选择
All in all， I would say that living in the city is best(better)，1 for the convenience the city offers in terms of education and work(job opportunities);2 after all， one can always spend 19 vacations in the country——and get the best of both.3
※
1、选择结果
※
2、选择原因
※
3、总结
As for me， I have always led a regular life.1 By everyday exercises， I build up a strong body，2 and by reading intensively I learn to acquire a proper attitude toward life.3
※
1、个人选择或实践
※
2、选择带来的好的后果
※
3、拓展
10、现实运用
As we all know， children are the future of our country， Their healthy growth has therefore become a serious concern among many people.1 It should be made clear that too much care is not love. The real love and care for them are to prepare them for the future. When faced with difficulties， they can summon up the courage and exert their strength to overcome the difficulties. When faced with fierce competition， they can employ their knowledge， skills and experience to confront with their rival.2 This is the younger generation we can expect.3
※
1、价值体现：孩子关乎祖国的未来。
※
2、启示：重要的原因
※
3、寄予希望
2007年范文写作
首段：图画描述：
This is a series of interesting and thought-provoking pictures. A goalkeeper， who is trying hard to keep the ball from the goal， sees himself as a dwarf. What‘s funnier is that the football-player， preparing to kick the ball， regards the goalkeeper as huge as the goal. The meaning conveyed by the picture is clear but profound. Both of them lack courage and confidence in front of challenges.
中间段：寓意象征+举例说明
The majority of people would agree that everyone may feel challenged when a powerful rival appears in his/her mind. What divides them into successes and losers is their attitude towards confidence.(We can easily find the equivalent of the topic discussed here in our surroundings.)We， undergraduates girding ourselves for the NETEM(the Examination for postgraduate candidates)，provide a good illustration. Some of us feel depressed when thinking that they are not able to prepare well， so they even give up the chance of participating in the examination. In fact， the exam is not as difficult as they suppose， and a little more courage and confidence will motivate them to achieve the final successs.
尾段：建议+展望
Accordingly， it is the time that we placed great emphasis on building up our confidence. What we should bear in mind is that no one can overcome difficulties without confidence.(In other words， We should be honest about the challenges we face.) only in this wa we can se a right goal. challenge it ，and achieve it.
Tips：
1.稳重下体的部分是精彩的语言，即文章的高分点，希望同学们学习。
2.文中有下划线的部分是范文的错误，希望大家思考，然后改正，避免自己在写作时犯这样的错误。
3.再次强调，希望大家不要背范文，学习精彩的句式表达，背会，通过多练习掌握这些 21 句型。
小作文范文及解析
2007年Part A 真题及解析(投诉信
Directions：
Write a letter to your university library ，making suggestions for improveing its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the den of the letter. Ues “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.
To Whom It May Concern，
I am a student in this university who regularly comes to the library to spend ma spare time. Generally speaking ，the services you offer here are quite good; however ，I have some suggestions for you to adopt. And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.
To begin with ，will you please prolong the time for reading? In the daytime， most of the students are having classes， so they can‘t come to the library. Moreover ，some of the books on shelves are out of date. If you are so kind as to provide us some books such as the latest magazines ，we will be very pleased.
I really wish to have a more comfortable library. Thank you for your time and consideration.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
2008 Part A 真题及解析(致歉信)：
22
Directions：
You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob ，your landlord there. Write him a letter to
make an apology， and
suggest a solution.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the den of the letter. Ues “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.
解析
Dear Bob，
I am writing to express my apology to you.
Several days ago，I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house. Unfortunately，after I came back from Canada，I found it in my luggage. Was in such an hurry that I forgot to return it to you .I will send it to you by post of expose as soon as possible. If necessary，I will compensate for any troubles it may cause.
Once again，I feel so sorry for any inconvenrence caused. Please accept my apologies.
Sincerely yours，
Li Ming
2006年Part A真题及解析(申请信
Directions：
23
You want to contribute to project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned， asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.
Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter， use“Li Ming”instead.
Do not write the address.(10points)
解析：
To Whom It May Concern，
I am writing this letter to you to ask if there is a child in need of financial sponsorship through the Hope Foundation.
I am willing to give financial aid to those children who have not had a chance to receive education in poverty-stricken area. I would like to help two kinds of children：first，those who do not have a stable source which can cover their education fees，and second，those whose academic performance in school is excellent. I have decided to commit myself to save the necessary
financial aid required to accomplish my goal. I would also like to be kept informed as to the academic progress of each student every term.
I have not doubt(There is not doubt)that I meet the criteria required for a sponsor and look forward to hearing from you.
Thank you for your consideration.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
24
推荐信：
Dear，
写作意图：简单介绍，自己与被推荐人关系，推荐他做什么。
推荐原因：被推荐人的相关工作经历或个性特点，应当突出与写信人的相关性。
感谢与期待。
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
解析：
Dear Sir，
It is with a great pleasure that I recommend to you Mr. Li Lei， an outstanding accountant， for working in your firm.
Mr. Li graduated from China Financial University in 1991， majoring in accountancy， After graduation，he came to our firm to be an accountant. In 1996 he obtained the certificate of a certified accountant ，and in 2001 he was promoted to the one of the chief accountants of our firm because of his excellent work.
In association with me，mr. li impressed me that he was a friendly and pleasant gentleman，devoted to his firm and profession .it is surely a huge loss for our firm that he has to leave us for some personal reasons.
I recommend mr. li without reservation and believe you will find him a real treasure very soon„„
25
Yours sincerely，
Li ming
2005年part a 真题及解析(辞职信)：
Directions：
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine design and fashion .but now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss， mr. wang，
Telling him your decision ，stating your reason(s)，and making an apology.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Wrte it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “li ming”instead. You do not need to write the adress.
解析：
Dear mr.wang，
I am writing this letter to apologize that I will quit the position as an editior for you are your magazine for the reason of myself.
Two months ago， I was accepted by the design and fashions，as a member of it . I was deeply impressed by the kindness，diligence of all staff members around me. But during the span of working here， I have come to realize that the job probably is not suitable for me because I want a more pesceful life ，such as a teacher. And you know that I am not an outgoing girl. I find that I am not able to devote all my efforts to a job which I do not reslly like.
So I am awfully sorry to tell you my decision to quit.please accept my apology.
Yours sincerely，
26
Li ming
2009年考研英语大纲样题应用文部分(询问信)
Directions：
You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books.Write a letter to
the sales department of bookstore to ask for：
detailed information about the books you want，
methods of payment，
time and way of delivery.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end
Of the letter.Use“Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.
解析：
Dear Sir/Madam，
As a student preparing for TOEFL in the coming May，I am writing to ask if you have
Appoches to TOEFL complied by professor Wamg Sming and published by University College
Press in 2006(注意次序)
27
If you have the book for sale，I‘d like to mail order it.Pleasel let me know if I can pay for it.by money order or do you accept the credit card?
I‘d appreciate it if you could send me the book at your earliest convenience by EMS to the following address：
Li Ming
Room 158， student dormitory no.8
West campus， Beijing university
Beijing ，100081
Sincerely yours
Li Ming
28
一. 课程考核的主要意图和基本要求：
1. 能理解、掌握应用写作基本理论、应用文体主要知识;
2. 用学过的主要写作理论知识会分析、处理应用文材料中存在的重要问题;
3. 能规范写作主要应用文体。
二. 考核方式：根据课程应用性、实践性强的特征，宜开卷考试。
三. 考核题型、份量、分数比例：
(一)应用写作主要小知识单项定向选择：15题，每题1分共15分。
(二)应用写作重要的易混的小知识正误判断：15题，每题1分共15分。
(三)分析所给应用文材料中存在的问题并改正：30分。
(四)根据所给材料写作一篇应用文：40分。
四. 各章知识点示例：
第一章、行政管理应用写作概说：应用写作与文学写作的主要区别、行政管理应用写作的特征、行政管理应用写作语言表达的特定性;
第三章、行政管理应用写作的构思：写清楚的前提、确立行政管理应用写作主旨的基本标准和主要要求、确立主旨的要点、行政管理应用写作表意的基本方式、显示主旨的具体方法、怎样选择恰当材料说明观点、截取法和撮要概述法各自怎样处理材料、材料与观点结合的方式和各自效果、理清思路对安排结构表达思想的作用、应用文写作逻辑思维的主要思路、法规规章中条文下成段的特殊情况、应用文层次关系中的两种基本关系、应用文层次段落各自显示内容的方式、应用文开头的基本任务和意图;
第四章、行政管理应用写作的撰写：文艺语体议论语体事务语体各自主要的语体特征、文艺语体与事务语体的区别、行政管理应用写作主要表达方式、应用文议论的特征、应用文叙述的特征、行政管理应用写作语言的性质特征、怎样做到应用文语气恰切、怎样做到应用文用词精当、怎样使应用文篇章严谨;
第五章、公文文体写作：行政公文书面格式主要项目及各自写作、主要公文文体写作(决定、通告、指示性通知、通报、呈转性报告、会议纪要、意见);
第六章、法规规章文体写作：法规规章的特点、章程规定办法制度各自文体的具体区别、内容复杂条文较多的规章制度组织结构的形式、内容简单条文较少的规章制度组织结构的形式、主要法规规章文体(章程、办法、制度)写作;
第七章、会议文体写作：开幕词和闭幕词各自特点、提案和议案的区别、会议记录与会议纪要的区别、主要会议文体(开幕词、闭幕词、会议记录)写作;
第八章、计划、决策、反馈文体写作：可行性分析报告的主要内容、计划主体部分三内容、计划类文种的各自区别、总结主体三内容、述职报告与总结的区别、计划和总结写作;
第九章、经济文体写作：经济合同特点、经济合同主体三方面内容、经济活动分析三方法、经济活动分析报告主体三内容、经济预测报告综合性特征的主要体现、定性预测和定量预测各自的做法及效果、经济预测报告主体三部分、经济合同写作。
在考研英语中一类公认的比较容易得分的题型大概非作文的第一部分莫属了，这一部分要求同学们按照题目的要求书写相应的文章，小作文部分在英语一和英语二的试卷上是几乎没有什么差别的，一般同学只要掌握了相关的做题方法即可在这一部分取得不错的成绩。小作文部分以各类信件为主，大纲还要求通知等类型，但其他类型在真题中体现不多，所以重点还是掌握书信的写作方法。
今天我们主要讲解投诉信的写作方法。投诉信，也称抱怨信(Letter of Complaint)，其写作方法如下：
首段：注意客观礼貌
a.自我介绍;
b.引出投诉内容
c.表明目的要求。
主体：展开说明投诉原因、具体理由或后果，注意内容充实，符合交际习惯。
a.详细说明情况，中肯提出问题;
b.提出改进建议，表明希望如何解决;
c.拓展题目内容，尤其要强调如何问题不解决所带来的后果。
尾段：提出解决方案，不用展开，注意公平公正、礼貌原则。
a.表达强烈愿望，希望上述问题得到迅速恰当的解决;
b.有时可就问题的解决限定时间;
c.对有关人员的努力表示感谢;
d.希望尽快得到满意答复。
文章的整体框架按照上述标准进行，具体到没一句的把握则如下：
第 1 页 共 1 页
第一部分：提出抱怨并表示遗憾
模板：
(1)很抱歉打扰您，但我必须郑重提出投诉。
I am sorry to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a serious complaint.
(2)我很遗憾地告诉你投诉有关„„.的事由。
I am sorry to tell you that there should be cause to complain about „
(3)我真的很讨厌抱怨，但最近有一件事情确实令人烦心。
I really hate to complain, but one thing is really disturbing now.
第二部分：阐述问题发生的经过
无通用模板，按照题目所给的情况描述清楚即可。
第三部分：指出问题引起的后果
视具体情况而定
(1)噪音影响我的睡眠，使得我在上班时间无法集中精力。结果这些天我已经搞错了好几次
The noise disturbs my sleep so that I can’t concentrate on my work during thework time, and as a result, I have made several mistakes these days.
(2)在这样(嘈杂)环境下我无法进行研究，我需要一间安静的房间。
For me this environment is very difficult to make studies and I need a quiet room.
第四部分：提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施
模板：
(1)我认为是你认识到„„的时候了。
I think it’s high time that you realized „.
第 2 页 共 2 页
(2)我们深知你们并不经常出错，但我们希望能确保这类差错不再发生。
We know that you are not generally careless, but we should like your assurance that this will not happen again.
(3)我必须正告贵方，除非对目前状况采取措施，否则我将被迫诉诸法律。I must warn you that unless you do something about the situation, I will beforced to take legal action.
(4)坦率地所，我不再准备忍受这种状况。
Frankly, I am not prepared to put up with the situation any more.
(5)如果您能尽快调查此事，我将不胜感激。期待您尽快回复。
I would be very grateful if you could look into the matter as soon as possible. And I am looking forward to an early reply.
分段及分句的写作讲解过后，同学们可以尝试练习整篇文章了，例如：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Library Service on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:
假设你是李强，请你就本校图书馆的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及图书馆的藏书数量和更新状况、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
【审题】本文可以从批评着手，成为一封批评信。题目要求中规定了要涉及藏书、
环境等内容，为作文提供了一些思路。同时注意，虽然是封批评信，但也要做到客观，不能把图书馆说得一无是处。
【写作思路】
第一段： 介绍写信的目的。
第二段到第四段：从三方面说明图书馆存在的问题
第五段： 指出图书馆给我们的帮助很大，但急需改进
第 3 页 共 3 页
第六段： 结束语
【范文及点评】
A Letter to the University President about the Library Service on Campus.
January 6th, 2006 Dear Mr. President, I am writing to express my concern over the (1)开门见山，点明写信缘由Library service on the campus.
As a major in English, I find that most of the (2)提出第一个问题，藏书没有Books in English in the library are outdated. So far,及时更新I have not come across a single book published after
1995. As a result, we fail to get the latest information (3)指出后果，不能及时得到of academic development both at home and abroad.最新信息
In addition, the light in the reading room is far (4)指出光线不好
from bright, which does harm to our eyes. Worse still, (5)指出没有空调的问题, Wrose there is no air-conditioning and we are sweating heavily still意思是“更糟糕的是” while reading.
Last but not least, the newly developed electronic (6)提出最后一个问题information system does not work well and needs further
improvement. A great number of books should have been
listed in the system.
There is no denying that the library has helped us a (7)客观说明图书馆的作用lot. But it is in urgent need of improvement. When im- (8)对图书馆的改进充满proved, the library is certain to provide much more help期待
with our study.
Thank you for your time. I am looking forward to (9)结束语，期待对方的回信your reply.
Yours sincerely,
第 4 页 共 4 页
Li Qiang
第 5 页 共 5 页
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