最全四级英语作文

第1篇：最全四级英语作文

高职院校大学英语四级作文的教学实践研究

【摘 要】与听力和翻译相比，英语写作主观性更强，因此对高职学生而言难度较大。怎样让学生想说，有话可说，用英语正确地说，就成为了高职院校英语教师需要思考的重要问题。

【关键词】高职英语;教学实践;大学英语四级作文

大学英语四级考试是面向全国大学生的英语水平考试，通过英语四级既是绝大多数大学生毕业的必要条件之一，也是用人单位招聘时会考虑的重要因素，其重要性不言而喻。大学英语四级考试基本涵盖了英语的听、说、读、写、译这五个环节。英语写作与听和译相比，属于更主观的创作型环节，因此对高职学生来说存在相当大的难度。本文主要就大学英语四级作文教学对高职英语写作教学的积极意义来进行更深一步的探讨。之所以选择高职院校大学英语四级作文的教学实践作为研究对象，主要是出于以下几个方面的考虑：①通过大学英语四级是笔者所在院校高职商务英语和国际商务专业毕业的必要条件之一。在写作教学中增加大学英语四级写作的教学内容，对学生通过四级考试是很有帮助的。②高职学生英语水平普遍偏低，如果采取英文习作赏析等传统的作文教学方法，难以激起他们对英语写作的学习兴趣，并且大部分学生在理解和掌握英语知识方面存在一些困难，这会加剧学生对英语写作的畏难情绪。③大学四级作文格式简单，一般使用总分总的结构来阐述话题和观点，并且讨论的话题也是日常生活中学生接触较多或者感兴趣的内容，教师讲解相关重难点知识后，大部分学生能很好地掌握，也能做到有话可说，从某种程度上可缓解学生的写作焦虑。接下来本文就高职大学英语四级作文教学提出相关建议，以供教师参考。

一、培养学生思辨和逻辑能力

教师应让学生了解大学英语四级作文的结构组成，让学生能够在分析话题的基础上展开行文布局，理清楚作文的框架结构，这样学生对于英文写作的自信心能一点一点建立起来，思路也会逐渐变得清晰[1]。对于如何进行写作前的框架搭建，锻炼学生的思辨和逻辑能力，降低写作的难度，笔者有以下几点对策：

(一)小组合作学习

针对某个话题，教师可将学生分为讨论小组，让学生集思广益，分析某种现象或者某个问题产生的原因，并且给出一些解决问题的建议和方法。这一过程可以调动学生的积极性，让学生的思维活跃起来，这对提高作文课堂的教学效率有很大帮助。教师要引导学生对分析出来的信息进行分类，根据信息和话题的相关性，把信息按照典型性和重要性以及联系是否紧密这些标准进行排序，为后期写作做好充分准备。

(二)在课堂中引入辩论

学生在习作中常会遇到一些值得探讨的话题，如“大学生应该追求时尚吗?”，“理论学习和实践学习，哪个更重要?”等。教师可以将这些话题作为辩论的主题，让学生自由辩论。在辩论的准备和开展过程中，学生能够更好地参与到活动中，这样能锻炼学生的思辨能力和逻辑能力。

(三)借助思维导图整合材料

通过前两个步骤，学生对于所写话题已经有了充分认识。选择哪个观点，并且用哪些例子来支撑自己的观点，学生对此已经大致心中有数。思维导图可以更好地帮助学生对所准备的材料进行整合，使学生的论述条理更为清楚、更有说服力，这对写作框架的搭建有着非常重要的作用。

二、采用多种实践形式来为写作服务

(一)读写结合，互相促进

教师可以有导向性地给学生推荐一些课外读物来补充他们的知识积累，还可以鼓励他们就某一写作话题进行资料收集，丰富学生的写作素材，提升学生在写作中的思维高度。

(二)多用日常场景展开写作练习

针对一些当下的热门话题，如新能源汽车、自动驾驶的未来、日本倾倒核废料的危害等，教师可以让学生提前收集相关材料，课上进行写作练习。这样生活化的话题既提高了学生对英语写作的兴趣，又促使他们在收集资料的过程中主动学习，为后续的写作打下良好的基础。

三、加强英语知识的学习，夯实语言基础

(一)单词的具体讲解和错误案例

高职学生英语底子大多比较薄弱，在写作中常会出现单词书写错误、短语使用不当等问题。以写作练习中学生出现的两个典型错误为例：

例1：The number of people is raising (rising).

例2：In recent years，as the political and economic statues(status)of China has been greatly enhanced，more and more foreigners begin to learn Chinese.

在以上例子中，正确用法应该是括号中的单词，例1中应使用不及物动词rise的进行时态rising。 rise和raise都有上升的意思，其中后者的意思比前者更为丰富，有抚养(子女)、饲养(动物)、提起等意思，这两个单词最根本的区别是前者是不及物动词，后者是及物动词。例2中学生把这两个形近的单词搞错了，虽然二者都是名词，但statues指雕像、雕塑，而status指地位。学生本意是想表达经济地位(economic status)，因为单词使用错误，导致词不达意。这类错误在高职学生的英语写作中出现的频率相当高。因此在英语单词教学中，教师应加强对单词之间的辨析讲解，并辅以相关练习进行巩固。在巩固知识的基础上，教师还应该重视学生的知识输出，单词学习的最终目标应该是正确地应用单词，而不是仅仅记住这个单词的意思。久而久之，学生的基础知识就会越来越扎实，英语写作的信心也会更强。

(二)语法内容的强化和巩固

关于大学英语四级作文的语法教学，笔者以这段范文为例：Recently， using network language in daily communication has become very popular among the youth. When talking with others， they tend to use some special words， abbreviations or synonyms which are widely acknowledged in the online community.在这段范文中，涉及动名词作主语、完成时、完成时的常用时间状语recently这三个语法知识点。在讲解这个句子的过程中，笔者发现很多学生对于这些语法知识掌握得不是很扎实，对于完成时和定语从句的知识更是一知半解，而这些语法知识是高职英语语法学习的重点。因而，笔者要求学生集体回忆完成时和定语从句的各项知识，包括常见的完成时时间状语、定语从句和非限制性定语从句等，掌握这些重点语法知识。文段中还涉及到了“when talking with others”在句子中作时间状语的用法，当主句与从句的主语一致，且从句主语后接be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略，其完整表达应为“when they are talking with others”。经过教师的详细讲解，学生彻底理解了这一省略原则。

语法是高职学生在英语写作中的薄弱环节，因此针对学生在写作练习中出现的语法问题，教师应帮助学生查漏补缺，不断夯实学生的语法知识，以此来提高学生的写作能力。对于学生经常会犯的某一类语法错误，教师也可以让学生有针对性地进行改错练习，在练习中不断巩固所学知识。

(三)运用万能句型

大学英语四级写作中，一些经典句型能大大缓解学生的英语写作焦虑。能为高职学生英语写作搭起一个个小小的支架[2]，进一步降低英文写作的难度。

这些万能句型包括描述、揭示图画信息的句型，引出及解读名言谚语的句型，提出现象的句型，表达不同观点的句型，分析原因的句型，引出优缺点的句型，提出建议和解决方法的句型，引出个人观点的句型，等等。这些都为学生的写作提供了一些比较好的句型素材。教师应该要求学生反复朗读和背诵这些句型，并在写作中合理使用。

四、革新評价方法

传统的英文作文评价比较侧重于语法、句型等，更多的还是从语言的准确性和多样性出发，当然，这些内容依然需要强调，但是否有深刻的见解也应该作为评判标准之一。因此，教师应该引入新的评价方法——师生共评[3]。可以让学生更多地参与到写作的评价过程中，促使学生更加积极地学习怎样准确得体地用词，主动思考，这也有利于激发他们的写作热情，增强学生写作的自信心，使其享受写作的过程，最终提高写作能力。

实践证明，大学英语四级作文教学对高职英语写作教学是有着一定的积极意义的。在这一过程中，学生掌握了英文写作的基本方法，能够有效地缓解其英语写作焦虑，有利于增强学生英语学习的信心。“师生共评”的评价方法也能调动学生在英语写作过程中的积极性，让学生更好地享受英文写作的过程。

【参考文献】

[1]郭俊.高职高专英语写作教学中学生思辨能力的培养[J].连云港职业技术学院学报，2013(2).

[2]庞晓宁.支架式教学模式在高职英语教学中的应用[J].兰州教育学院学报，2014(7).

[3]梅士宏.高职英文写作“师生共评”教学策略探讨[J].黑河学刊，2015(6).

【作者简介】

谈丽(1984～)，女，汉族，江苏无锡人，硕士，讲师。研究方向：英语教育。

作者：谈丽

第2篇：基于大学英语四级作文改革谈学生思辨能力的培养

[摘 要]英语写作，一种语言输出和运用的综合模式，对学生思辨能力有较高要求。随着近年四级考试改革，模式化作文题目的减少，图表作文和开放型命题的增加，使过去较注重语言技能的教学模式和评价体系难以提高学生思辨能力。从学生个人学习模式、课堂教学、教师作文评价体系等方面探讨如何培养学生的思辨能力。

[关键词]英语写作 四级改革 思辨能力 培养

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一直以来，写作都是大学英语四级考试的重要部分，所占分值15%。纵观2009年至2014年的四级写作，题目与要求都在不断地改革和变新。2012年6月以前的题目多是传统的三段式议论文作文，即题目给出提纲和中文阐述，话题涉及学生社会生活的方方面面，如博物馆免费开放问题(2009年6月)、绿色校园(2009年12月)、网络购物(2011年6月)等。这种模式化的考试作文对大学英语写作教学产生了反拨效应：英语写作教学过于重视文章写作形式和语言表达。学生作文频繁出现作文展开模式雷同、中心不突出、上下篇章缺乏逻辑联系、文章阐述内容浅显等等问题，并没有真正反映出当代大学生活跃、创新的思维风貌。学生写作中思辨能力受到限制和发展。随着四六级英语考试改革大幅度地推进，近年四级写作部分不断发生较大变化。

一、近年来大学英语四级写作的变化：

大学英语四级写作要求的变化是全面的，涉及写作部分的位置、字数要求、写作体裁等方面。2005年首次对作文的位置做了调整，从最后一项调到第一项，分值不变。其次到2011年12月写作部分出现两个特征，一是词数上除了要求不少于120个词，还增加不多于180个字的要求。二是打破以往中文的框架式命题，首次出现全英文命题和指令。如2014年6月的四级作文：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit you hometown/campus / China.What is the place would you show him or her and why。此外，原在雅思、托福考试中的图表作文也出现在2012年12月与2013年12月的四级作文。这两种类作文都没有给学生具体明确的中心思想，而是让学生理解题目或者仔细观察图表、主动思考后，自由构思、组织篇章而完成。

从以上几个方面的变化，不难看出四级英语写作作为考查学生语言技能的有效手段之一，越来越受到重视。而中文三段式作文题目出现次数的减少和图表作文这类仅给英语标题的作文命题的增加，表明四级作文已经抛弃了过去过于注重学生语言技能输出的准确性和效率的模式，逐渐转向考核学生对语言的理解能力、对存在问题的观察能力、对“解决问题”的探讨能力、对不同观点的辨析能力，即开始关注语言之外的思辨能力，更加注重提高学生个人的综合应用能力。但是仅仅完成几篇四级作文，并不能从根本上提高学生思辨能力，还是要从学生平时的学习习惯和英语课堂教学着手。

二、造成我国大学生四级作文中缺失思辨的原因

(一)思辨能力

Critical thinking译为“批判性思维”，但我国学者文秋芳则认为应译为“高层次思维能力”更贴近思辨的原意，基于分析、辨别、推理、阐释、评价的思维过程，我国学者为避免歧义将它译为“思辨能力”。20年来国内外学者对思辨能力的深入研究，取得丰硕成果，主要有确立了思辨能力基本理论框架，构建了用于测量思辨能力的基本量具，探讨了如何培养思辨能力的方法和途径。以美国特斐尔项目组的双维结构思辨能力模型、Paul和Elder的三元结构性思辨能力模型、林崇德的三棱结构思辨能力模型为基础，文秋芳(2009)构建了我国外语类大学生思辨能力量具的层次理论模型：一层为元思辨能力，包含思辨计划、检查、调整;二层为思辨能力，涵括认知能力和情感特质。二层思辨能力受一层元思辨能力的监控和管理。其中认知能力包含技能和标准。技能分为分析、推理和评价3项，标准有清晰性、相关性、逻辑性、深刻性和灵活性。而情感特质则包括好奇、开放、自信、正直和坚毅等特征。

在高等教育中探讨有关如何培养和提高学生思辨能力的研究一直是国内学者关注的焦点。文秋芳、王建卿(2011)曾对测试外语专业学生与非外语类专业学生思辨能力的得分进行比较，结果是外语类专业学生入学时思辨能力测试得分略高于非外语类专业学生，然而专业学习三年后能力减弱或消失。韦晓保(2012)调查上海四所高校197名英语专业学生，也发觉其思辨能力较弱，并总结出影响英语专业学生思辨能力发展的因素是评价标准、测试体系、教学模式、课程设置、教材、学习方式和教师。刘晓民(2013)、岳鹏(2013)都从课堂氛围、教师提问、学生自主学习过程、学习成果评价、学习内容等课堂环节，提出在大学英语课堂教学中培养学生思辨能力的有效途径和教学方法。王强、国永荣(2012)结合完善学生知识结构、提高学生自评和互评能力、建立学生写作档案、改善教师评价机制和提高教师本身思辨意识等综合策略来培养英语专业学生思辨能力和促进其写作水平。宋毅以北京某高校英语本科的一次口语课的对话练习为研究对象，尝试适当融入交流学理论后发现学生多角度理解和评价事物思辨能力有提高。

经过分析，目前英语专业学生的思辨能力成为研究的主要对象，但实际“思辨能力的缺席征”是否普遍存在于全国大学生中，如何把英语的听说读写译几项技能学习与思辨能力培养真正结合起来，应是多数英语教学者需要思考的方向。大学四级英语等级考试是经过国家精心考量设计的，在一定程度上真实地反应了学生英语综合运用能力。四级英语考试的参与率和覆盖面之大，为有效全面的探究大学生思辨能力提高提供了有利的切入点。

(二)造成我国大学生四级作文中缺失思辨的原因

近年来大学英语四级等考试已经形成规模，考试题型和内容趋于模式化。学生英语学习变成了单纯的应试教育，为了能应付考试，学生以背作文范文和固定写作模板为捷径，期待顺利通过考试。这种学习模式即使通过了考试，学生也并没有真正掌握英语的语言技能，而他们思辨能力的发展更是无从谈起了。

大学英语教学过于注重语言技能的训练，学生花费大量的时间操练基本句型、语法规则等，却忽视自己本身语言表达内容的深度性、逻辑性和有关文化内容的扩展性。他们极少有时间去大量阅读，扩充自己的知识量或者关注当今热点话题、新闻评论，因此出现围绕某一论题的作文，学生也只是写些点到为止，浅层次、片面的论点，这与当今大学生活跃的思维不相符。

教师在评价学生作文时，较少从文章的清晰性、逻辑性、深刻性和灵活性来评价学生的思维能力。常有表达句子完整，语法错误极少，但反映内容单一、浅显却能得高分的作文。教师的评价模式有一定的导向性，造成重技能轻内容、思维能力的英语教学和评价模式极大地阻碍了大学生思辨能力的发展。

三、如何结合四级写作训练来培养学生的思辨能力

四级写作题型的变化为促进大学生思辨能力的提高提供了有利的条件。为顺应大学四级英语考试改革趋势，培养他们的思辨能力，还是要结合学生日常英语学习方式、教师课堂教学模式、评级体系因素综合考虑。

首先，通过广泛的阅读扩大知识面，开阔视野。丰富的阅读是提高学生综合能力的基础，也为思辨能力的增强提供多样的思考视角和知识来源。如今的四级写作命题和体裁趋向于议论文，议论文写作则为学生如何综合自己的思维和科学的内容提供最好的契机，引发学生用英语表达自己对当今社会热点、社会问题的观点和思考，比如2013年12月的图表作文：The Impact of the Internet on the Way People Communicate，这个话题贴近学生生活，引发学生对于日前公众热议的“电子通讯能否代替面对面的交流”的思索。针对这样开放性思维的问题，没有固定答案，考验着学生的思辨能力，他们要提出自己的个人观点并能自圆其说。无论是赞成或者反对，学生对当代的电子通讯方式、利弊都要有充分的了解。教师如果能鼓励学生平时多阅读英语报纸、杂志，并且定期举办座谈会交流汇报阅读内容、阅读心得和看法，既锻炼了学生用英语思维思考和表达的能力，他们的知识面也被扩展，有助于课本内容与课外知识的衔接。

其次，鼓励学生多方面、多角度的思考问题。许多学生在完成提纲式四级作文时仅仅简单描述了提纲的基本信息，有的就只是题目的英文翻译，没有结合个人见解和论据阐述，没有具体深入地分析问题，文章显得很空洞。换而言之，学生作文说理透彻性不够。学生在其他学科用中文表述时夸夸其谈、引经据典，到四级写作时却“惜字如金”。除了英语语言表达的能力限制外，很大程度上是学生没有养成多角度思考问题的习惯。教师应在平时课本教学时，基于课文背景资料、课文内容或人物的相关资料，结合学生的思想、关注、认知和争议的观点，设计出多层次、多角度的问题来启发学生思考。例如新世纪大学英语综合教程(二)中课文“I Forgive You”中提到“没有宽恕的氧气，任何人际关系都无从维系”，就这个句子，教师就可以问学生：觉得有什么事情在生活中是不可宽恕的?教师还可联系学生宿舍舍友间关系进一步提出：如何建立和谐舍友关系?学生的思维就不会仅仅停留于课本文字的表述，而是延伸到更深层次的社会问题进行思考和探究。Brainstorming (头脑风暴)也是训练学生开阔思维的方法：动笔写作文前，鼓励学生讨论、集思广益，为写作打开思路。

第三，提倡采用多种方式评阅学生作文。过去教师评阅很细致，做了很多批阅。学生得到的是“满堂红”后，自信心大大打击，却很少真正去纠正这些错误。因此，教师包办评阅，弊大于利。教师可以给学生留出余地，如发现有5个错误，只告知2个，其余让学生自己找(夏纪梅，2012)。其实学生是学习的主体，由学生自我评价和相互评价收效更大。2001年，Anderson等学者研究发现，同伴间的互动可以提高学习者的思辨能力。Birdsong and Sharp Lin(1986)认为同伴评价能培养学习者分析、监督和评判自己以及他们同伴的学习过程和取得成绩的能力。Oldfield and MacAplne(1995)通过实验也得出类似的结论：它能使学生有更高的推理能力以及认知能力，培养出学生为中心的学习习惯。

第四，改进、完善教师评阅标准。打破过去重视语言，忽视思想的标准，教师应从多方面全面评价学生作文。对于文章的语言评判，主要从句子结构、单词拼写、用词搭配等方面考虑，但针对文章的思想内涵如何判定呢?在分析了英语专业120篇英语议论文后，文秋芳、刘润清(2006)确定了四个评估参数：文章切题性、论文明确性、篇章连贯性以及说理透彻性。这四个参数帮助教师分析学生抽象思维特征。但学生的思维还包括批判性思维、概括总结能力、观察想象能力、分析推理能力等，比较难以量化，目前仍然需要大量的研究工作来界定。

一两次的四级作文测试并不能真实反映出学生的综合能力，然而整个写作的过程即是学生思维的过程。四级英语写作训练是提高学生思辨能力的途径之一。教师需要转变观念，把思辨能力的培养与日常的英语写作教学紧密联系起来，让枯燥的写作课堂活跃起来，不断激发学生的思考，达到以考促学、以学提能，提高学生综合语言素质的目标。

[ 参 考 文 献 ]

[1] 文秋芳.构建我国外语类大学生思辨能力量具的理论框架[J].外语界，2009(1).

[2] 王建卿.国外思辨能力量具评介及启示[J].江苏技术师范学院学报，2011(7).

[3] 王强.英语写作中思辨能力培养的综合策略[J].长春理工大学学报(社会科学版)，2012(4).

[4] 刘晓民.论大学英语教学思辨能力培养模式构建[J].外语界，2013(5).

[5] 丘鹏.面向学生思辨能力培养的大学英语课堂设计研究[J].兰州石化职业技术学院学报，2013(12).

[6] 谭洪进，殷炳兰.英语写作教学与学生思辨能力的培养[J].教学与管理，2014(2).

[7] Jessica Williams.第二语言与外语写作教学[M].北京：世界图书出版公司北京公司，2007.

[8] 夏纪梅.外语还可以这样教[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2012.

[责任编辑：钟 岚]

作者：刘宁

第3篇：通过分析大学英语四级作文评分标准看大学英语写作课堂设计

摘 要：作为一项重要的英语输出技能，写作能力的培养是英语教学的重难点。依据大学英语四级写作评分原则和标准，学生写作水平普遍较低。教师需通过改变传统教学观念，引进先进教学方法来促进学生写作能力的提高。因此，使用过程教学法进行教学设计，旨在提高大学英语写作能力，促进大学英语教学。

关键词：大学英语;评分标准;课堂设计

一、引言

大学英语写作是一种重要的语言输出形式，是评判学生英语能力掌握情况的标准。其中最重要的检验方式就是參加全国大学英语四、六级考试。自从2004年教育部颁布了新教学大纲，大学英语四、六级考试便进入改革阶段，四级作文也从以议论文为主的命题思路转变为注重考察学生文字评论和阐明事理的开放式写作，呈现出说明文、议论文、记叙文、应用文等多种命题。在这种情况下，按照大学英语四级考试大纲要求：在30分钟内完成一篇不少于120字的英语作文，更有难度。从其评分标准来看，大多数低分都是由语言错误造成的，学生写作基础和构思存在问题，面对这种情况，如何设计有效的大学英语写作课堂，进一步理解评分标准，如何提高学生写作能力是从事大学英语教学工作者应该思考的问题。

二、大学英语四级作文评分原则和标准

从评分原则看，阅卷人员采用“总体评分”的方法。给分的原则不是依据考生语言错误的数量扣分，而是采用总体印象评分方式。

从评分标准看，依据四级考核要求，考生能用英语描述个人经历、感受、情感和发生的事件等;能描述简单的图表和图画;能就熟悉的主题发表个人观点;能写常见的应用文;能根据提纲、图表或图画等提示信息作简短的讨论、解释和说明。中心思想明确、结构基本完整、用词较为恰当、语句通顺、语意连贯，能运用基本的写作策略。以此为根据，将作文评分标准分为五个档次：14分档(13-15分)切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺连贯，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。11分档(10-12分)切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。8分档(7-9分)基本切题，有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。5分档(4-6分)基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。2分档(1-3分)条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或作文与主题毫不相关，则视为零分。极少有学生拿满分15分的成绩。

三、大学英语写作课堂设计

(一)过程写作教学法

此教学法起源于上个世纪六七十年代的美国，由麦肯齐和汤普金斯提出并逐渐发展到整个西方国家。“过程教学法(The process method)”观点新颖，受到外语教学者瞩目，成为写作教学法的主流。该方法认为写作是一个循环式的心理认知过程、思维创造过程和社会交互过程，作者通过写作过程的一系列认知活动、交互活动，促进语言知识的巩固和内化，提高其书面表达能力(宋力英，2007)。与结果教学法不同，过程教学法强调教师应该注重学生的写作过程而非写作成品。在此过程中强调培养学生思维和交际能力的重要性，突出学生的主导作用，将写作课堂变为交际的课堂变为充满创造性和趣味性的课堂。

过程写作法的教学操作大致分为：写前阶段、写作阶段、修改阶段、评阅阶段。这几个阶段并非呈线性排列，而是循环往复，相互渗透，相互交叉的贯穿整个写作过程。(李森，2000)。学生可以随时返回到上一个阶段对其内容进行修改和完善。

(二)课堂设计

1. 写前阶段

这个阶段是指下笔前的构思阶段，包括查阅资料、整理信息、确定主题、规划大纲等。其目的在于提供学生多样化的思考模式，启发学生审题的重要性以及如何找到自己感兴趣的题材。在写前准备阶段，学生就某个主题输入大量的素材，然后对文章整体结构进行构思，列出简明扼要的提纲。做好充分的写前准备，这样做完全可以避免四级写作评分标准的第5分档和2分档，对不切题，思路、条理性差的描述。

(1)布置任务、分组讨论

笔者经过一段时间的授课后，将学生按男女比例分成若干小组。在写作课堂上，要求学生按组坐好，进行自由讨论。

在此期间，教师要试图激发学生的思维和兴趣、活跃课堂气氛，让各小组负责人组织讨论，各抒己见，交换看法和观点，以此培养学生的思考能力。

譬如，在一次写作练习中，笔者选用历年四级作文题目之一，要求学生阐述找工作面试中自己的优势。讨论前期，笔者选用有关面试的英文视频材料播放给学生观看，学生边看边记录，表现出极高的兴趣和热情。

(2)整理资料、列出提纲

随后，根据老师要求进行分组讨论，向组员说明自己的看法和观点，并记录下对自己写作有帮助的内容。例如，很多学生通过观看短片和讨论，记下了：personality， character， strong points， between jobs， outgoing， ambitious， diligent等内容。

活动完，很多学生反映，以前拿到作文题目不知道如何下手，大脑一片空白，现在通过观看视频和分组讨论，思维方式更宽广了，对于如何构思一篇文章有了更清晰的认识。此时再对归类后的各种观点进行整合，就可以形成提纲了。

2. 写作阶段

在此阶段，要求学生在30分钟内完成一项写作训练，并上交初稿。学生根据写前准备，讨论并整理出来的提纲开始起草初稿。根据四级作文评分标准，采用总体印象评分方式，可以告诉学生初稿重点是看作文合理的结构和丰富的内容，不要把重点放在斟酌句子的语法形式上。

3. 修改阶段

(1)个人修改

学生仔细通读自己的文章，检查主题是否突出、思路是否明确，有无单词拼写、句子结构等语法错误，将自己检查出来的错误用红笔修改。如遇单词拼写、词组使用等问题，可以查阅字典。通过个人修改，学生可以深入了解自己所犯的语言问题，积累经验，避免下次犯同样的错误。

(2)学生互评

将自己检查过的作文交于小组其他成员，进行检查，相互批改。组长根据小组成员英语水平对互评作文进行人员安排，以此体现组队合作精神。在互评过程中，如遇到自己看不懂的地方，可以与其他成员交流、讨论，并提出修改意见。在此阶段，教师可在各组之间来回巡视，针对有问题的学生进行问题解答，但不要做过多的干涉。

这种同级反馈，可以让学生发现平时没有注意到的细微错误，在检验自己语言水平的同时，提高语言理解力。

(3)教师修改

教师对学生已经上交的修改后的作文进行批阅。并按照四级作文评分标准判分。如果发现普遍语法问题或句子结构问题，教师要及时在课堂上进行反馈，同时给出相关知识点和语言点供学生参考，并让学生展示范文，分析范文的主题表达、构思模式、句子与段落之间的衔接与过渡等，让学生进一步掌握英语写作的技巧。

4. 修改及评阅阶段

学生对老师反馈的作文认真审阅并修改，最终形成自己的定稿。然后在小组内根据大学英语四级写作标准再次进行相互评价，并选出每组最佳作文，在班上传阅学习。

鉴于这个环节的作文已经是经过自我修改、学生互评、教师修改、再次自我修改，与初稿相比明显有了提高。这一认知过程实质上是整理和发展思维的过程，可以充分发展学生的思维能力，有助于他们发现写作中存在的问题，使写作技能得到真正提高。

四、总结

综上所述，通过过程写作教学法设计的大学英语写作课堂教学实践，提高了学生参与写作的积极性，增强了写作课的教学效果。通过这种写作课堂的尝试，不仅可以培养学生对写作的自信，而且可以锻炼他们的思维和社交能力，对学生四级写作水平的提高有一定的促进作用。

参考文献：

[1]李春燕.大学英语四级写作中的常见错误及分析[J].成都教育学院学报，2006，20(11).

[2]教育部高等教育司.大学英语课程教学要求[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2007.

[3]宋力英.大学外语学習策略[M].哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，2007.

[4]李森. 改进英语写作教学的重要举措：过程教学法[J]. 外语界，2000.

[5]四、六级考试委员会.大学英语四级考试大纲[C]. http：//learning.sohu.com/20080904.

[6]齐美尔·弗里斯比.社会学(Sociology) [M].卢晖临， 等， 译. 北京：华夏出版社，1908.

[7]教育部高等教育司.大学英语课程教学要求[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2007.

[8]刘振卫.欧洲语言共同参考框架对我国制定统一的英语能力标准的启示[J].安徽文学，2010 (10).

作者：陈晓佳

第4篇：四级英语作文

2012年12月英语四级预测作文范文汇总 学习与身体锻炼 春节晚会 大学生择业观 请假条 求职感受 传统图书馆 智力发展 每天开支变化情况

网络游戏的利与弊

不劳就无获 车辆禁止驶入校园 全球变暖 城市交通问题 博客

和谐宿舍生活

大学的简短介绍 手机用户图表 吸毒者年龄分布变化 图书馆建议书 欢迎词 大学生价值观 亚健康

父母是最好的老师运动会开幕词

网络购物的利与弊教学开展形式

求职信

度假方式情况变化圈养宠物 大学生就业 大学出勤率

写给朋友的信 广告

心理健康问题

机会与成功 扒窃事件 失败 永不言弃 社区购物中心

选择职业

环境污染 对网络教育的看法信息安全问题

社会实践 信用卡的利弊 私家车的利与弊 给老师打分 大学生住宿问题 写给校长的信 大学生支教

(一)段首句

1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.

2. 俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.

4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……。

Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.

5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……

People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.

7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?

(二)中间段落句

1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.

2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.

3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction. First，______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______.

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______

5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.

7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.

8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.

9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

(三)结尾句

1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.

2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注这个问题。只有这样，我们才能……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.

3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……

But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.

4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.

5. 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

6. 至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为…更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you ____

7. 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______.

8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______.

9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.

10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is___

第5篇：四级英语作文

Associations on Campus

Outline:1. 社团活动成为大学生活中不可缺少的一部分

2. 学生为什么热衷参加社团

3. 我的看法

Nowadays, the issue of various associations on campus has aroused considerable concern. That is to say, association activities have been an indispensable part of college students’ life.

Associations do have advantages which hold appeal for college students. Firstly, college students can enrich their’ lives in various association activities. Whatever they are interested in, they can find relevant associations, such as calligraphy association or painting association to take part in. Secondly, they can get acquainted with many friends with similar interests in associations. Just as the saying goes: Birds of a feather flock together. They may become good friends. Lastly, they can gain the experience in association for their upcoming career development.Some students insist that too many associations on campus will occupy their too much time and energy.

In my opinion, I’m sure that it is beneficial for college students to take part in the associations on campus. They can not only add flavor to their college life, but may also provide them a passport to a bright future.[168 words]

How to face up to disasters/ setbacks

1、在我们的生活中，总会遇到灾难。

2、如何面对灾难?

Recently, the issue of facing up to disasters has been aroused considerable concern. In other words, in our daily life, we have to encounter different disasters, such as the earthquake in Sichuan this year, and there is no way to avoid them.

Now that disasters do exist and they won’t go away from us, how can we face up to them? First of all, we must have an optimistic attitude to them. Some people believe that disasters make them down. They are anxious and complain about them constantly. However, there is an old saying that it is useless to cry over spilt milk. As a result, we should regard disasters as a natural part of our life and step to the fore in face of them. In addition, we’d better help each other in disasters. There is a proverb “many hands make light work.” That is to say, mutual help and the instant aid in case of urgent events are vital, because helping others is to help ourselves. At last, we must attach more importance to the environmental protection in order to make our efforts to avoid disasters.

From what has been discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that disasters are in existence in the world. We should

protect the nature and reduce disasters. What’s more, we must face up to disasters optimistically. (228 words)

My View on Star-making Programs

Outline:1. 选秀节目风靡全国

2. 分析一下这种节目受欢迎的原因

3. 此类节目存在的问题

Recently the issue of star-making programs has aroused considerable concern. That is to say, star-making programs are in full swing in China nowadays. For example, “Super Girl” and “Dreaming China” enjoy widespread popularity.

In my opinion, the popularity of such programs is mainly due to three factors. To begin with, these programs have catered for different people’s tastes./ meet one’s demands Some people are fond of the pop music; some like competition programs, while some enjoy the programs with many entertaining elements. Star-making program is just such a combination of all these elements. In addition, such programs are highly interactive. People can support the candidates they like by testing, and directly give voice to their suggestions about the program. Last but not least, such programs are

warmly human. The love flowing between candidates and their supporters can always be sensed. Sometimes, the touching words can even move everyone to tears.

However, the interference of too many commercial advertisements spoils people’s interest of enjoying the program. Moreover, such programs always give young people false illusion that fame can be gained overnight.[170 words]

第6篇：四级英语作文

Part ⅠWriting

TEST 6: My Views on Best Wishes Text Messages

写作指南：

现象---正反观点----自己的观点

重点在于论证自己的观点

第一段：指出现象(提纲1)，提出不同人有不同的看法(提纲2)

第二段：分条阐述自己的观点(提纲3)

第三段：总结

范文：

On holidays, many best wishes text messages are forwarded. Some people like forwarding these text messages because it is convenient. The others say the wishes sent in this way are not sincere enough and I agree with this view.

On the one hand, a text message made by yourself means that you are willing to take time to organize your words and express your special wishes to a friend; while a forwarded one may show that you are taking it just as a duty. On the other hand, a self-made text message contains what you exactly want to wish. Maybe it is not fancy, but it is special and unique.

So when next holiday comes. Let’s compose our own best wishes text messages to our families and friends.

TEST 7A Letter to Cousin

写作指南：写信对象比较亲近，语言应该是非正式的，接近口语的

书写的文体： 寒暄--- 引出话题---分条列举建议---书信的结尾(祝福的话)

18th, December

Dear Mike,

Your first winter holiday in college is approaching. Do you have any idea of how to spend it?

I can share with you my ideas. First, you can keep focusing on your study, if you want. After half a year in college, you already have a general idea about campus study. So in the holiday, it can benefit you to keep studying for more knowledge to prepare for future learning in the long run. Second, if you want to go out relaxing, traveling can be fun. It will broaden your horizons. Third, taking part in some social activities, like volunteer work, is also a good choice. It can improve your interpersonal skills and teamwork spirit.

Please tell me what your choice will be.

Wish you a delightful and meaningful winter holiday.

Best regards,

Ann

TEST 8Vocational Education or College Education

写作指南：现象---正反观点---自己的观点重点在于论述自己的观点

可以持“大学教育比职业教育重要”或“职业教育比大学教育重要” 的观点，无论哪种观点，都应有两至条理由予以论证。

职业重要理由应从社会入手： 生产领域需要高级技工;专业化分工的社会强调专业化和合作而不是全才;万金油式的人才不能胜任特定的工作等。

范文与之相反：

The number of people who take the college entrance examination has been decreasing these years. Some people consider vocational education an advantage to job-hunting; while others

argue that a college diploma is more important.

In my opinion, college education is more advisable for most people. First, college education is systematic and students can learn a lot in many aspects. Unlike vocational education, while always focuses on just one job skill, college education enables students to develop different potentials. Second, to obtain a higher degree, such as a master’s degree, one has to go through college education to get a bachelor’s first.

In a society where any job skill may become outdated quickly with the appearance of new technologies, the limitations of vocational education prove even more serious. Only college education can prepare us for future challenges.

TEST 5Factors of Success

写作指南：议论文，要求针对某个话题陈述自己的观点。重点在于成功的要素(提纲2)。

第一段引出话题。(人人都梦想成功，但成功并不容易，需要许多因素。。。。)

第二段重点阐述你所认为的成功的要素。比如：高尚的人格、广阔的人脉资源、高智商高情商、坚持不懈的努力和付出等。。

第三段考生要结合自身，说明自己对于成功的渴望和决心。

Achieving success is an ideal for almost everyone. However, it dose not mean everyone can make it, since it takes effort, time amongst other factors.

First of all, painstaking effort is indispensable for anybody who wants to be successful. “No pains, no gains” is the universal truth acknowledged by all successful men. Secondly, success always comes along with time. As the saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day”; likewise, any wish of becoming successful overnight is nothing more than a fantasy. Besides, there are other important factors leading to success, such as confidence, intelligence, patience, perseverance, to name just a few.

As a young man, I am still striving on my way to success. Already aware of the challenges and barriers ahead, I have equipped myself with the most courage and determination.

TEST 10 On Improving Students’ Network Morality

写作指南： 题目：“论提高学生网络道德”中， 提高是题眼，文章重点应该放在相关措施上，因此，提纲中的1.2应该略写，不应将重点放在危害上。

措施可以从几个方面来论述：学生层面，学校层面： 提高认识、加强处罚力度、鼓励良好网络道德。

The problem of college students’ network morality is becoming more and more serious today, which dose great harm to the development of their personality and mentality. Therefore it is important to improve their network morality.

There are some ways to improve student’s network morality. First, students should be taught to understand that their online activities bring not only self-experiences but also social responsibilities. Second, rules should be made to control the network environment so that students will not be exposed to various immoral information on the Internet. Finally, technical means are required to supervise students’ online behaviors so that any immoral behavior can be duly punished.

If the student understands the importance of keeping a high network morality, if the Internet environment behavior is always duly punished, I’m sure students’ network morality can be improved greatly.

第7篇：四级英语作文

致辞

Directions: Write a speech on the opening of a conference of no less than 120 words. In your speech, you should：

1、进行自我介绍，

2、详细介绍大会内容，

3、结束语。

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing! To begin with, I would like to make a brief introduction to myself. I am the president of Motorola (China) Electronics Ltd. The following is my introduction to the conference. First, it is my great honor to be here with all of you and declare open the Conference of International Trade Cooperation. Second, on behalf of our company, I would like to express my heartfelt welcome to all the guests and delegates. Last, I believe our cooperative efforts are sure to be productive. I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this conference and hope the above information will help you. If you have any question for me, please feel free to ask at any time. Thank you for your attention.

求职信/求学信：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter applying for a position of a company. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese：

1、申请职位，

2、简要介绍自己的情况，

3、期待回信。

Dear Sir or Madam, I am senior from the Department of Business Administration of Beijing University. I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for admission into your esteemed institution/your recently advertised position for a staff member. I am sure that I am qualified for it. First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and work experience. Second, not only do my qualifications and experience make me a perfect candidate for it, my cheerful personality is well suited to studying in your prestigious university/working as a staff member. Last, my hobbies include sports and music. Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt gratitude to the help you rendered me. Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated. Yours sincerely, Li Ming

2 Does e-mail make people get closer or drift apart? Nowadays, more and more people are exchanging a great variety of imformation by using electronic mails instead of traditional ways of mailing letters. Some people think that e-mail makes relationships among people closer, while some others maintain that makes people drift apart. Those who hold the former opinion insist that the appearence of e-mail makes communication quicker and more convenient. By e-mail people can deliver more information including pictures and sounds. However, some others think e-mail with the same format and printfont includes less emotion, then traditional letters written by hand. Most people use e-mails to deliver information instead of feelings. From my point of view, e-mail does bring great convenience for people, but it is not a better way to express our feelings than traditional letters. Our hand-writing on the paper can deliver much emotion. Therefore, when you want to express your love and care to someone, writing a letter to her or him by hand is a wise choice.

3 COLLEGE STUDENTS SHOULD ATTEND PHYSICAL

EXERCISE Physical exercise is a necessary part of college life. However, still some college students do not like to attend sports activities, they think those activities waste their time and influence their study. Indeed, it is very unwise for college students to keep distance from physical exercise because physical exercise is not harmful but good to them. College students can benefit a lot from physical exercise. First of all, attending physical sports can help students build a strong body, and keep abounding energy. Moreover, physical exercise is an effective way to relief pressure and keep a pleasant move. Besides, by attending physical activities, students can have chances to contact and communicate with others which can help them improve their social skills. Nowadays, all colleges and universities have provided many sports facilities for students to do physical exercises, students can chose freely according to their interests and needs. As for me, I am keen on all kinds of ball games, especially football and basketball. From these games, I have gained a lot, and enjoined great pleasure. To conclude, physical exercise is beneficial to every college students, and therefore do not hesitate to attend sports activities.

Online games As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students. Many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games. But as we see, some students lacking self discipline on too much indulge in these games. So that their health and academic performances are affected. This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents. However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful. They can train their ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly. Moreover, they can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science. More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly. Form my point of view, online games are wonderful entertainment if you play them in a clever way. When they interfere too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once, but if you have enough self control over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them.

5 Certificates Craze on Campus In recent years, to get a certificate has become a new craze among college students. Just randomly, ask a student on campus what he or she is busy doing, quite possibly, you may get the answer that he or she is preparing for a certificate of some kind. Why does this craze appear? There are two mainly reasons behind this phenomenon. First, it is the employments pressure that forces college students to get more certificates. With the admission expansion of colleges, a large more graduates have to face the fierce competition in the job markets. How can one make himself more competitive, more certificates at hands maybe. Second, the diplomas and certificates are still important standard by which many employers measure a person’s ability in order to increase qualification for a job, the students compel themselves to run from one exam to another. Form my point of view, we should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since certificates do not necessarily prove one’s ability, being crazy in getting certificates blindly. It is nothing but wasting time. To conclude, we should focus on improving our ability but not getting a certificate of no practical value.

6 考试：

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Examinations. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：

1、大学都用考试来衡量学生的成绩，

2、考生可能带来的副作用，

3、我对考试的看法。

In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject. Although it does the job quite efficiently, its side effects are also enormous.

To begin with, examinations lower the standards of teaching. Since teachers are often judged by examination results, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques. No subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached with intent to take examinations. In addition, the most undesirable effect is that examinations encourage bad study habits. As the examination score is the only criterion for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather than to think creatively.

In fact, few of us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development. If that is the case, why cannot we make a change and devise something more efficient and reliable than examinations?

7 读后感：

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Favorite Novel. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：

1、我最喜爱的小说，

2、该小说的内容，

3、我为什么喜爱。

My favorite novel is Around the World in Eighty Days which is written by Jules Verne. The author was born in France and devoted himself to literature and wrote several scientific romances, which gained him the name——Father of Modern Science Fiction. This is a book of science fiction which tells us an exciting story about an English gentleman, Mr. Phileas Fogg, who makes a bet with his clubmates and manages to travel around the world in eighty days. It gives us a vivid description of the many difficulties and incidents which happen on his journey. From this story, we can see the author’s deep love for the sea, travel and adventure, which played a vital role in his life. We are also astonished and convinced by his fertile imagination and scientific and geographical knowledge.

8 难忘的人：

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The most unforgettable Person I ever Know. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：

1、我生活中最难忘的人是，

2、为什么他(或她)令我难以忘怀，

3、结论。

In my life I have met a great many people who are really worth recalling. But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever know is my English teacher.

What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities. First and foremost, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer—an awakening of a passion for learning. He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of English language and literature, but also aroused our great interest in exploring something deeper in this field. Furthermore, I was attracted by his lively wit. I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered, never failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs.

Although it is nearly two years since I attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.

Education For All Nowadays in China, the limit to candidates for college entrance examination is not so strict as before. People of all ages and even married people can take the examination and have a chance of becoming a college student. The new regulation has many advantages. Firstly, it provides more people with chances to receive high education. There are many people who have once lost the chance to enter a college for some reason. Now they can pick up their own dreams of being a college student. Secondly, it will introduce more students with different backgrounds and the abilities for colleges and universities. Finally, it stimulates competition and promotes the candidates to work harder. However, relaxing the limit of age and marriage might bring some problems. For one thing, married students have to take care of the family and children, which brings more difficulties for school management. For another, there might be a gap between the elder students and the other young students. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the enrollment of those people of other age groups and married persons.

10 Parental Hopes and Personal Ideals

All parents hope their children will have a bright future. However, parents’ expectations for their children are not always in accordance with their children’s personal ideals, and sometimes they are even conflicting with each other. This is often a main cause for quarrels and gaps between parents and children. But what lead to the conflict between parental hopes and personal ideals?

The following three factors contribute to the conflict. First of all, in this fast-changing society, parents and children have too many differences in mind. Secondly, traditional patriarchy is still influencing Chinese parents in modern society. They are used to making decisions for their children. Third, nowadays young people have strong independence, who want to plan their own future and control their own destiny. Thus the conflict between parents and children inevitably appear.

In order to solve the conflict, both parents and children should pay their efforts. For one thing, parents should give their children rights to make their own decisions. They may help their children make choices instead of replacing them to make choices. For another, children should learn to respect their parents’ advices since parents tend to have more life experience. Besides, to communicate with each other actively is necessary to their understanding each

11 other. As long as both parents and children learn to think from the other side’s point of view, the conflicts between them can be avoided.

邀请信：

Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party. Write an invitation letter to them individually：

1、邀请参加晚会，

2、说明举办晚会的原因，

3、将安排哪些活动。 Dear Wangcai, I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr. Old Fish’s wedding ceremony with Ms. Fujiwora to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m. on April 1, 2007. As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy. The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony. This will be followed by a dinner party. At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss. If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company. Yours sincerely, Li Ming

12 论述文框架：

Owing to the speedy economic development, the number of people who…has considerably increased/declined. It is universally acknowledged that … plays a crucial role in modern society. Due attention has to be paid to the issue of…. With the reform and opening-up in recent decades，people in mounting numbers have come to realize the significance of …. If we let this situation continue as it is, we do not know where humans will be in the forthcoming future. Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. To begin with, we should appeal to the authorities to make strict laws to …. In addition, we should cultivate the awareness of people that … is essential to us. Only in this way can we reverse this disturbing trend illustrated above.

第8篇：四级英语作文

33. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman dictionary because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural

[参考译文]因此，《牛津词典》比《朗读曼词典》更经得起文化偏见的严格审视，因为后者总是说英语国家的视角来评判其他国家的文化现象。

34. In reality, though the BBC dictionary will be purchased by a far wider range of language learners, as will the other two dictionaries.

[参考译文]实际上，BBC词典将拥有比另外两本词典更广的读者群。

35. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.

[参考译文]由于警察认为人们(市民，社会工作者，医生，立法人员以及法官)头脑简单—比如，法官不是重罚以消除犯罪而是量刑从轻以期促使罪犯改过自新—因此，他们与社会之间的隔阂更深一层。

36. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object.

[参考译文]予和机器人既是物理体，同样也是文化现象。

37. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but, custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace.

[参考译文]对于人脑的内部活动，我们认为特别值得研究。但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那不过是最最平常的行为而已。

38. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue

over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family.

[参考译文]约翰•杜威曾经十分认真地说过，风俗习惯对个人的行为的影响与个人对传统习惯的影响之比，正如一个人母语的词汇总量与他儿时从家庭用语中学会的儿童用语之比。

第9篇：英语四级作文

1、这是一篇议论文。舌尖上的浪费是今年的热门话题。根据提示，可采用三段式行文。

第一段采用例证法开篇使读者马上意识到所议问题的普遍性。第二段分析引起浪费这一问题的原因。第三段要求作者提出解决浪费问题的建议。

【范文】

Waste on the Tip of the Tongue

We are familiar with this kind of very funny scene: after dinner in a restaurant, many eaters refuse to pack the food that is hardly touched. This reflects a serious problem in China:waste on the tip of the tongue.

Luxurious odds and ends after dinner is a common phenomenon seen in a daily life. The reasons causing it are very

complicated.One possible is to show off, just as many peacockish persons like to do. Since our country adopted reform and opening policy, people’s behaviors to compare wealth had come in vogue with their purses thickening. Another is that officers with diminished(减弱的) political consciousness use public funds to make a pig of themselves without adequate supervision(监督，管理).Corruption(贪污，腐败;堕落) fuels waste on the tip of the tongue. Some effective measures should be taken to prevent epidemic ( 传染病;流行病;风尚等的流行)of wasting behaviors. All media(媒体) should be mobilized(调动;动员;组织) to popularize methods to save and preserve(保护;保持，保存) resources and call on people to take action.What’s more, we should cultivate thrifty habits(养成节约的习惯) while reminding those around us to refrain(节制，克制;避免;制止) from luxury(奢侈).2、这是一篇议论文。压力问题是现代人们常谈论的话题。根据提示，可采用三段式行文。第一段可以从几个方面引出现代社会充满压力这一现象。第二段举例说明压力太大的危害。第三段要求作者提出减轻压力的建议。

【范文】

How to Redue Stress

There is no denying that people living in modern society suffer more stress from many aspects,including work, study and so on. We strive for better education,decent jobs, and beter housing,etc. All these efforts produce tremendoous stress.

Too much stress can lead to many undesirable results. First of all, people may suffer from many physical problems, such as insomnia,tiredness or pain. Secondly,people may undergo mental disorder,including irritability,depression and so on. Worst of all, in some cases, people commit suicide due to the unbearable stress.

Many steps can be taken to reduce stress. To begain with, a right attitude towards life and work is essential for people to reduce stress. Don’t be a workaholic nor expect too much from life.In addition, share the stress you are experiencing with your family members or friends. A proper outlet for stress will do you much good. Most important of all, enjoying whatever you do will make your life meaningful and fruitful.3、这是一篇应用文。主要说明为什么要写这封信。根据提示，第一段可以从几个方面描写污染的现状及严重程度。第二段举例说明引起污染的原因。第三段要求作者提出治理污染的建议。

【范文】

A Letter to the Local Government

May 2, 2013

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am a college student in this city. I am writing to you to complain about the ever-deteriorating pollution around our campus. Because of the poor environment, many students have fallen ill.Many more lose interest in their study and extra-curriculum activities.

Several factors contribute to the serious situation. Firstly, the pharmaceutical plant next to our campus emits disgusting smell, which makes many students feel nausea. To make matters worse, the food stands ouside the campus produces much pollution, coupled with the unhealthy food they provide.

I do believe it is high time that our local goverment took some prompt and effective measures to stop the pollution. Technical innovation should be introduced to the pharmaceutical plant to clean its air emission. As to the food stands, they should be banned from processing and selling food in the open air.

Thanks for your time and efforts for a cleaner environment for us.

Yours truly,

Jia Ping

4、这是一篇议论文。食品安全是人们日常生活的话题。根据提示，可采用三段式行文。第一段可以从几个方面指出为什么人们越来越关注食品安全问题。第二段举例说明引起食品安全问题的原因。第三段要求作者提出解决食品安全问题的建议。

【范文】

Food Security

Nowadays, people are getting increasingly concerned with food security because of the disclosure of several serious food

insecurity cases and group poisoniing. Food security has become an urgent problem that no one can afford to ignore.

There are several reasons accounting for this problem.First of all, a lack of responsibility and a thirst for illegal gains drive many food manufacturers to disregard the quality of food. Secondly, food administration agencies are not effective in their monitoring of food industry. Still worse, the awareness of food security is badly in need of being enhanced.

As far as I’m concerned, I suggest prompt and effective measures be taken to tackle this problem. For one thing, our goverment should spare no efforts in the adminisration of food indurstry, as well aas educating the public the awareness of food security. For another, stricter laws should be enforced to enforced to guarantee food quality. Only in this way can consumers feel at ease when purchasing food.