北京中英文介绍

2023-02-12 版权声明 我要投稿

第1篇:北京中英文介绍

《英文报阅读举隅》的介绍与研究

摘要:经考证,开明书店于1933年出版的由陈希周所编著的《英文报阅读举隅》是中国近代第一部探讨报刊英语的著作,本文通过对其所收录英语新闻涉及的主题、其讲解英语新闻程序及特点的介绍与分析,论证了这部著作不仅对探讨报刊英语学术史本身具有重要的学理价值和史料价值,而且也为研究民国时期(20世纪30年代)的新闻英语和中华民国史提供了翔实可靠的文献资料。

关键词:报刊英语 《英文报阅读举隅》 新闻英语 学理价值 史料价值

引言

报刊英语所涉及的体裁很广。翻开英文报刊,我们看到的是各种具有不同特点和风格的体裁:消息报道、特写文章、新闻评论、小品文、天气预报、广告等。毫无疑问,报刊本身所具有的特质就决定了其刊登的新闻类体裁占据着举足轻重的地位。新闻的简单定义是:新闻是对受众所关注的新近发生的事实的报道,因此最具有传播效应、也最能给人留下深刻印象是新闻最大的特质。提升英语交际能力的方法有很多,显然阅读英语报刊新闻就是其中一个及时的、能够引起人们极大兴趣的、而且又能快速掌握地道英语的快捷方式。鉴于上述原因,目前国内很多大专院校英语专业都纷纷开设英语报刊文章选读课程,通过这种有效的方式激发学生的兴趣,拓宽认知英语语言的途径,加深对英语世界文化的认同,提高学生的英语学习效率。

学习和研究报刊英语已成为英语学习不可或缺的一个手段,这在很大程度上是由英语语言本身多层次、多角度、纷繁复杂的特质所决定的。报刊英语在越来越信息化、传媒化的社会中所占据的重要性不言而喻,了解和掌握报刊英语的特质,是完善英语学习的一个途径,是构成英语教学的一个重要层面。报刊英语研究作为外语专业中的一门学科,在近代中国,它是何时被纳入到学者研究视野中的呢?这是一个非常有趣、也是非常有意义的话题。

1839年11月4日,在澳门正式创办的马礼逊教育会学校将英语教学引入中国本土,成为中国近代英语教学之滥觞,因此追溯学者对中国近代报刊英语之研究也应该从这一时间开始。翻检由上海书店出版社出版、周振鹤先生所编著的《晚清营业书目》(2005年第1版),并未有相关著作问世;翻阅由北京图书馆编纂的《民国时期总书目——语言文字分册》之《英语》部分(195页—259页),可以发现有关探讨英语报刊阅读的著作仅有四本,分别是《英文报阅读举隅》(1933年9月初版)、《英文新闻例释》(1946年7月一版)、《英文报纸读法》(1946年8月初版)和《怎样读英文报》(1947年7月初版);①又根据刊登在《教育杂志》(1909年—1933年)、《申报》(1872年—1933年)和《中华教育界》(1912年—1933年)上的售书广告,可以断定陈希周先生于1933年所编著的《英文报阅读举隅》理应是中国近代第一部探讨报刊英语的著作。有幸在旧书市场购得此本书籍,拜读过后,收获颇多。这本书籍对研究中国报刊英语学术史本身具有重要的学理价值和史料价值,但至今未发现有任何的论文和著作提及此本书籍,故在此有必要向大家做以详细的介绍。

《英文报阅读举隅》之概括性介绍

从这本书前的例言中可以对作者编写此书的目的和编写风格窥见一斑:“1.本书可供学习阅看英文报纸者自修之用,并可採作英文课本。读者读完此书,对于阅看英文报纸之困难,可解决大半。2.本书内容,大半搜集最近一年来各种英文报纸之记事,几二百条,英汉对照,每条并附有[注]及[参考]。读者于依照[注]及译文研究原文之后,尤须注意[参考]材料之运用。3.全书分短简、政治、外交、军事、经济等十四栏,乃为便于学习之目的,但英文报纸并未有此种严格分类,读者请勿误会。4.每栏之末,附以该类记事之常用单语及短句(Phase)。读者阅看英文报纸遇有难解之名词及词句时,则可依其性质应属于何栏者,即于该栏之末检阅之——陈希周谨启一九三二年五月廿二日。”②

《英文报阅读举隅》所收编的英语新闻全部来自于当时在国内、国际上具有影响力的主流权威的英语报刊。英语新闻材料分别来自于中国的The China Press、The Shanghai Times、North China Daily 和Peking-Tientsin Times;日本的The Japan Advertiser、The Japan Times and Mail、The Japan Chronicle 和The Osaka Mainichi;英国的Daily Mail 和Times;美国的The New York World。③显然,由于《英文报刊阅读举隅》所列举的英语新闻均来自于具有国际影响力,并享有良好信誉的英语报刊,这就不仅有力地保证了所收录新闻的时效性、真实性、客观性、重要性及价值性,而且也保证了其所使用的新闻英语语言的标准性、规范性、真实性及地道性,上述的这些因素为一般读者掌握报刊英语知识、提高报刊英语阅读技巧提供了必要的前提条件。

《英文报阅读举隅》收录英语新闻所涉及的主题情况

此书涵括的英文报阅读材料按照体裁划分为:新闻、公告和广告。所收集的英文报刊新闻涉及民国社会和亚洲、欧洲、美洲国家的各个领域,主题极为广泛,信息量广博,按新闻的报道内容分类,共涉及13大类别的英语新闻,下面将按照分类列出其涉及的重要英语新闻主题。

第1类:“短简:人事及一般消息”类新闻。共计13条,涉及中国的有4条,涉及日本的有5条,剩下的消息涉及朝鲜、南斯拉夫及其他欧美国家。

第2类:政治类新闻。共计17条,其中涉及中国的有6条,涉及日本的有2条,涉及英国的有3条,涉及德国的有2条,涉及苏俄的有2条,涉及印度的有1条,涉及西班牙的有1条。

第3类:外交类新闻。共计14条,主要有下列主题,“中国任命驻日新公使、重光葵受命为驻华日使、有田氏受命为公使(日本)、中国致国联声明书、蒋介石劝言忍耐、日奥修约、国际联盟下次会议议程……”

第4类:军事类新闻。共计15条,主要有下列主题,“炮舰检阅(中国)、张学良力主无抵抗主义、‘剿共’军克服三市镇、湖南预防省防、二十架军用飞机到沪——水陆两用机两架系为航空交通需用、日本增设空军团、新驱逐舰(日本)……”

第5类:经济、商业类新闻。共计13条,涉及中国的多达7条,涉及日本的1条,涉及美国的3条,涉及德国的1条,涉及苏俄的2条。

随后的新闻种类分别是:运输、交通类,犯罪、警察、法庭类,劳动、社会运动类,集会类,教育、学术类,健康、体育类,火警、灾祸类和天灾、气象类。

作者将“公告·广告”划分为最后一类,第14类,严格来讲,这样划分并不科学和严谨,因为前述的13类都属于新闻类的体裁,应该将此部分单独列出较为合适。④

综上所述,作者在书中搜集了200多条的英语新闻,几乎涵盖了国内、国际社会各个领域最新发展动态。在作者所引用的200多条英语新闻中,其涉及的新闻主题还有两个显著的特点值得我们关注。其一,其中涉及政治、外交、军事和经济商业这四类的新闻共计59条,占据了总数1/4的比例还要多,而其他共九大类的新闻主题加在一起也不到其总数的3/4,作者的选材表现出了较强的倾向性。其二,作者在选择国别新闻时,在短简、政治、外交、军事和经济商业类新闻中,对中国和日本发生的重大事件表现出了高度关注。根据前述的第一部分中所介绍的《例言》可知,作者完稿的日期为1932年5月,而“本书内容,大半搜集自最近一年来各种英文报纸之记事”,我们可以断定,本书收录的英语新闻的时间跨度应该是从1931年5月到1932年5月。显然在这一阶段内,中国历史上发生了两个重大事件,那就是1931年发生在东北的“九·一八”事变和1932年发生在上海的“一·二八”事变。随着这两次事变的发生,日本全面侵华的进程逐步加快、程度日益加深,其企图发动全面侵华战争的狼子野心已经暴露无遗,处于极其凶险环境中的中华民族再次陷入了空前的事关国家生死存亡的危机之中。日军的侵华暴行对国内、国际社会都产生了重大而深刻的影响,尤其是明显地体现在政治、外交、军事和经济领域;中华民族为抵抗强敌的入侵,众志成城、团结一致,已经为抗击日寇做好了全面的准备。在此重大历史背景的前提下,国内媒体和民众自然都把关注的焦点集中到了与中国和日本密切相关的在政治、外交、军事和经济领域发生的这些重要事件的上面,并对此保持了高度的警惕性。

综上所述,作者选材的特点明显地凸显了报刊新闻所具有的重要性、显著性和接近性的特质。所谓重要性,指的是新闻事件与当前社会生活和大家的切实利益有着密切关系,势必会引起人们的关心,能够影响到许多人;显著性指新闻中的人物、地点或事件越是著名、越是突出,就越能吸引读者,新闻价值就越大,人们的注意力自然而然地集中到它们的身上;接近性指新闻与读者在地理上或心理上的接近。凡是具有接近性的事实,受众关心,新闻价值就大,因为邻近的新闻不仅可以使人产生心灵上的触动,而且通常可以立即影响人们的行动,所以,新闻价值是与新闻和接受者在地理上的接近程度成正比的,如果新闻所反映的内容相同,则距离越近,新闻价值就越高;除了地理上的接近以外,心理上的接近也能增加接受者对新闻的兴趣。很显然,作者所精心选择的新闻很好地把握了新闻所具有的重要特殊属性,这样就容易引起读者的兴趣,激发他们的阅读,加深他们对新闻的理解,最终提高阅读效率。还有一点需要指出的是,作者这种选材的倾向性有利于引导读者关注国家民族命运,加强民众的凝聚力,增强爱国主义精神,培养读者紧跟时代发展的良好的英语阅读习惯。

作者将公告和广告划分为英语报刊阅读材料的第14大类,虽然没有对阅读材料像其他类别的英语新闻那样按照严格的程序进行讲解,也没有归纳和总结常见的广告类行业术语,但是,显而易见,作者已经意识到了公告和广告是一种不同于新闻的独特的语体,它应该有着自己的更加特殊的语言表达特色,应该在此书中给读者以必要的提醒,引起他们的关注和重视。从这一点来看,这是难能可贵的。

《英文报阅读举隅》讲解英语新闻的程序及其特点的介绍与分析

现在以外交类英语新闻中的《中国致国联声明书》(CHINA’S PETITION TO LEAGUE COUNCIL)为例,以更好了解此书讲解每一条英语新闻的特点与风格。由于篇幅所限,英文原文在此不再一一赘述。

其讲解具体程序依次如下所示(每条新闻都是如此):第一步是英语新闻的汉语翻译,“[国民社九月廿三南京电]日内瓦中国代表团总代表施肇基博士,向国联秘书长德鲁蒙氏提出关于满洲危局之声明书,其内容如下:为奉本国政府命令,请贵秘书长注意下列事件,并请根据盟约第十一条,立即召集国联理事会,以便采取最有效的方法,保障国际和平事。查中国代表团曾于本月十九日将此种情况之发生,及中国不负任何过咎之事实,通知理事会。此后屡接本国政府来电,告以情势越发严重,日本之正式军队,已无故向中国军队及沈阳开始轰击。炮击兵工厂营房,焚毁火药库,并将长春、宽城子一带中国军队缴械,其后又占据沈阳、安东及其他各地,所有公共机关及交通机关,均经强迫占据。对于此种强暴行为,中国军队及人民,因在中国政府命令下采取无抵抗,且并禁止可使形势越发严重之行为。中国为国联会员之一,认为对于此种形势之发生,应要求根据盟约第十一条之规定,采取有效之动作。故余奉中国政府命令,请理事会按照盟约第十一条所授予之权,采取最有效方法,阻止此种情势之扩大,以免危及国际和平,同时恢复战前之性质及数目。中国政府对于理事会之建议及大会之决议,决定遵守无异议。”

与讲究生动形象、含蓄蕴藉和追求各种艺术效果的文学语言相比,英语报刊新闻报道不失为一种具有鲜明语言形式和文体特点的语言资料。报刊的这一社会职能决定了报刊英语许多独特的文体特点。这种独特的文体特点往往不为一般读者所熟悉,成为他们理解英语新闻内容的主要障碍之一,因此给出较为标准的汉语翻译是十分有必要的;还有,新闻英语的汉译有自己独特的标准和方法。一般而言,新闻翻译的首要标准是准确、完整,与其他文体类资料的翻译相比,要更加忠实于原文;另一条标准是应该符合汉语新闻的风格,因为读者毕竟大多是中国人。读者通过对比英语原文和汉语译文,可以揣摩、发现和总结新闻英语汉译的翻译技巧和方法。

第二步是“[注]”,即注释。为了加深读者的理解和记忆,作者列出关键词汇,再次给出精确的汉语翻译。作者关注的对象主要是:有关外交行业的术语,表示地点的专有名词,复杂的介词短语,复杂的动词短语,派生词和复合词等,这些在一般的英语类词典中很难查询到,作者关注的对象正好反映出了英语新闻所具有的较为独特的语言表达特点和风格。

第三步是“[参考]”。共包括6个项目的讲解,第(1)项中,作者从新闻标题中的关键行业术语“联盟”着手,引出它的全称“国际联盟”(the League of Nations),再通过联想记忆法列举出与国联有着紧密关系的“国联大会”(the Assembly of the League of Nations)、“国联理事会”(the Council of the League of Nations)和“国联盟约”(the Covenant of the League of Nations),这种方式可以加强读者的记忆力,有效地扩大读者的行业术语词汇量。在(2)、(5)和(3)项中,作者列举了在文中需要重点学习的动词短语和介词短语,这两种短语正好是新闻英语表达惯用的遣词造句的重要形式之一,通过丰富的例句进行详细的讲解,总结其用法和特点,有利于读者的理解和掌握。在第(4)项中,作者对表示时间的缩略语给予了解释,并由“本月”(inst.)自然而然地举出了“下月”(prox.)和“前月”(ult.)的缩略语及其全称。缩略语是现代英语报刊中主要的构词手段之一,它不仅具有造词简练、使用简便的特点,且具有很强的生命力。作者已经意识到了缩略语是报刊英语中的一个重要语言现象,并给予了关注,而缩略语往往不被读者所理解,因此对此做出解释是完全有必要的。在第(6)项中,作者特意讲解了政治术语authority的单复数意义不尽相同,这种现象在英语报刊中经常出现,为了加深读者对这一重要语法现象的理解,又刻意举出若干例子进行说明。⑤

此书讲解新闻英语的风格还有一大亮点,就是在每一类新闻英语讲解完毕之后,作者会对在当时的每一类英文报刊新闻中出现频率较高的专业词汇和短语做以归类和总结。现在以政治类英语新闻为例进行说明。“政治记事之单语与短句”共分为五大类,第1类为“一般”单语与短语,主要涉及与政府、政治体制、政治主义相关的词汇,达35个之多。第2类为“政党”单语与短语,其词汇量共计11个。第3类为“选举”单语与短语,其词汇量总共有35个。第4类为“议会”单语与短语,其词汇量竟然多达66个。第5类为“中国国民政府各院部”单语与短语,其数量是16个。总之,上述的政治类英语术语涉及面广泛,举例丰富,翻译精确,就是对于当今阅读英语报刊的读者而言,仍具有相当高的参考价值。新闻报道涉及各行各业,各行各业都有一些惯用词语,约定俗成。由于近代传播技术的逐渐提高,原来意义上的“行话”又常常会在社会的其他领域流行,从而加快了语言的更新和发展。而新闻作为反映变化中的世界的“晴雨表”,自然会最敏感地反映这些变化。这些行业用语的语义变异与语义增值往往最先出现在反应敏感的报刊上,成为新的语言资源,比如上述第3类中提到的“is defeated”这一短语,这本来是一个军事、体育用语,意思为“战败、被击败”,后被引入到政治领域中,意思为“落选”。作者几乎在书中的每一大类新闻英语讲解结束后,都要在其总结的专业类术语中对上面所举例探讨的特殊“行话”给予特别的关注和解释,这充分说明了作者已经意识到了这些“行话”来源的特殊性,这是阅读英语报刊的难点,如果不进行解释,读者很难通过其他途径查询,这势必会阻碍阅读进程。

语言资源的扩大还有一个极其重要的途径,那就是,近代以来世界上发生的巨大的变化,特别是政治、科技、经济、教育等领域的快速发展,也引起了英语词汇表达的更新、变迁和发展,从而新生了大量行业用语或表达,它们也常常最先出现在反应敏感的报刊上,首先值得一提的是作者不惜笔墨详细地分类列举了各国的议会机构名称。在近代政治民主化的进程中,东西方国家、西方国家之间的历史和国情也不尽相同,因此构成国会的成员和国会机构表达的内涵都不尽相同,这些差异最先被反应敏捷的报刊新闻所捕捉到,虽然其汉语的翻译大致相同,但其英语表达方式却有较大差异,那么读者自然对这一现象倍感困惑,因此对其进行分类和整理是非常有必要的。

其次,在第1类中提到的“party out of power(反对党、在野党),by-election(补缺选举)”和“electorate(选举人〈全体〉)”,等等,它们都是在近代政治体制民主化进程中出现的新词语,其构词也很有特点,前者是合成词,后者是派生词,这也是新闻英语词汇构成的重要特征。

还有,“五院”制度在世界政治制度史上是一个首创,是中国所独有的,它有着独特的内涵,因此在第5类中所列举的“五院”院长的表达有着独特的新闻英语特点,分别是:President of Executive Yuan(行政院院长),President of Control Yuan(监察院院长),President of Legislative Yuan(立法院院长),President of Examination Yuan(考试院院长),President of Judiciary Yuan(司法院院长)。“英语复合词+汉语拼音”表示独特的中国新闻英语,这也彰显了新闻英语词汇的一个重要特征。⑥

经过以上两种途径产生的新术语在相当长的时段内都很难进入普通的英语类词典,尤其是在中国出版的词典,原因是词典收录的词语必须是经过长期实践检验而被一般公众理解和接受了的,因此,某些词汇往往无处可查,显而易见,作者进行这样的专门归类和总结对于读者了解和掌握英语新闻词汇、提高阅读效率是十分有必要的,也是大有裨益的。

结语

《英文报阅读举隅》的出版距今已有近80个年头,如果用现在的学术视野去审视这部中国近代探讨报刊英语的开山之作,尽管它看起来那么不成熟、那么不完善,甚至可以用“稚嫩”去形容和描述,不足点有很多,例如,这部著作所收编的英语报刊阅读材料仅仅涉及了最基本的消息报道和广告等,至于其他类型的体裁,诸如特写文章、新闻评论、小品文等等,均没有被提及;作者主要从英语词汇的层面讲解报刊英语的特点,而且讲解的方式主要是通过举例和翻译来完成的,缺乏对报刊英语特点进行系统性、规律性、理论性的归纳和总结;对于报刊英语的语法特征讲解较少,修辞手段特点几乎没有涉及,对于能够彰显英语报刊新闻特色的标题语言的讲解则完全没有涉及,但是我们评价任何一件历史事件、历史人物,根据已掌握的文献资料,都应该穿越时空的隧道,使它尽可能返回它所赖以存在的历史语境,从其独特的历史语境中出发,对此历史图景做一解读、阐释和评价,而不应该以现在的学术标准来衡量其是非得失,这才是符合历史唯物主义的观点,只有这样,我们才能对已发生的历史图景作出较为客观、较为公允的评判。从这样的立场和角度来看,这部中国近代探究报刊英语的处女之作,它在一些层面所做出的尝试在学理上具有开拓性的意义,这些至今仍被后辈的学术著作所传承。任何一门学科都要经历从萌芽,到发展,再到完善成熟的阶段,至于上述提到的诸多不足和缺点正好说明了国人对于报刊英语的研究还处于萌芽状态,研究者当然会从最直观的新闻材料的类别、选材的倾向性和新闻英语词汇等层面入手。具有重要意义的是,这部著作的问世标志着我国外语界已经开始涉足这块值得开发的处女地。任何一门学科都有自己的学科史,只有探寻它的过去,才能理解和把握它的现在,更好地推测它的未来。

这部著作的学术价值并不仅仅局限于其自身的学科建设,书中援引的新闻实例全部来自于中西方主流权威媒体,选材广泛,题材多样,语言表达简练,遣词造句规范,文笔流畅,颇具代表性,这就为后人研究民国时期报刊英语的特点提供了翔实可靠的第一手资料,无异于为我们创建了一个真实的英语报刊新闻语料库,这个特殊的语料库对在特殊的时段内,开展个案研究极具学术价值;而且此书收编的新闻报道所涉及的时间范围都在1931年5月至1932年5月期间,这一阶段在中华民国的历史上占据着非同寻常的地位。除了原始档案资料以外,中外主流权威媒体所记载的新闻报道可以作为有力的佐证,共同见证这段难忘的历史岁月。

注 释:

①北京图书馆编:“外国语——英语”,《民国时期总书目——语言文字分册(1911—1949)》,书目文献出版社,1986年版。

②~⑥陈希周:《英文报阅读举隅》(A Guide of the Study of Journalistic English),开明书店,中华民国廿二年版。

参考文献:

1.丁伟:《马礼逊教育会学校英语教学历史研究》,《澳门理工学报》,2008(3)。

2.周振鹤:《晚清营业书目》,上海书店出版社,2005年版。

3.徐晓庆:《新闻英语汉译探索》,山东师范大学硕士论文,2003年4月,中国知网优秀硕士论文。

4.刘威:《试评〈新闻英语与翻译〉》,《外国语言文学研究》,2006(2)。

5.张建:《报刊英语研究》,上海外语教育出版社,2007年版。

(作者为浙江大学人文学院历史系2010级博士生)

编校:张红玲

作者:丁伟

第2篇:中英基础教育项目教育管理信息系统的应用介绍

【摘 要】中英基础教育项目教育管理系统(educational management information system in the basic educational project between china and Britain,以下简称中英EMIS)实现了中英基础项目中利用标准化的系统进行学校基础信息的采集、整理和分析工作,为教育规划、决策和评价提供客观的依据的目标。成为了中国西部地区中小学教育管理信息系统的典范。

【关键词】中英基础教育项目;教育管理信息系统;计算机

为帮助实现中国政府在世界全民教育和联合国千年发展目标上的承诺,中华人民共和国教育部、甘肃省人民政府和英国国际发展部先后启动了中英甘肃基础教育项目、中英甘肃普及九年义务教育项目和中英西南基础教育项目。这些中英合作项目的主要是以支持中国西部地区实现普及九年义务教育为目标,促进教育公平,使更多的儿童、少年完成高质量的九年义务教育。[1]中英西南基础教育项目在项目逻辑框架中设计了教育管理信息系统的内容,目的是加强项目学校的日常管理,提高学校和各级教育管理部门利用客观、准确的信息进行监测、评估、规划和决策的能力。目前该系统已应用于项目学校及其教育管理部门的管理工作中,并发挥了较好的作用。本文将对中英基础教育项目信息管理系统做一个简单的介绍,促进项目推广。

1.中英EMIS的目的和意义

1.1规范西部地区中小学EMIS管理

教育管理信息系统(Educational Management Information System,简称EMIS)本身不是一个新的概念。它是以管理活动为基础的决策支持系统,通过标准系统对教育教学活动中的管理信息进行收集、存储、检索、加工和传输,为教育规划、决策和评价提供客观的依据。EMIS建设是教育信息化的重要内容之一,影响到教育信息化的推进历程。在以前,教育部对EMIS的建设主要集中在高校,目前EMIS的应用已经基本覆盖全国高校,教育部开始把EMIS的建设转移到中小学来。西部地区中小学EMIS的建设比较薄弱,一般只有市级以上的中小学才存在EMIS的应用,大部分的农村中小学EMIS建设为零起点。构建农村中小学一级的EMIS势在必行,中英EMIS应运而生,它规范和加强农村学校的日常管理,提高学校和各级教育行政部门利用客观信息进行监测与评估、科学规划和决策的能力。中英EMIS的设计、开发以教育部颁发的《教育管理信息化标准》、《教育管理信息系统互操作规范》CELTS-40WD1.0及2007年9月印发的《中小学学生学籍信息化管理基本信息规范》为主要依据,这就保证了本系统的针对性、规范性及权威性,它必能协助相关教育管理部门在农村中小学建立并实行科学、规范的管理。

1.2强化师生管理,实行有效的教育管理新手段

过去的面向西部地区中小学的教育管理信息系统的服务对象主要是国家、省、市、县的教育行政主管部门,这些系统的重点是为了收集国家或省、市、县等层面宏观教育发展的信息。而本系统以学生个体和教师个体为基本的信息收集单元,详细记录了学校中每个学生和教师的信息,通过收集这些信息能够促进义务教育阶段学生学籍管理工作,尤其是实施计算机化的信息系统,能够更好地为实现“控辍保学”提供及时、全面和真实的数据。本系统面向基层学校,为学校领导和教师的教育管理和教学活动提供支持和帮助,它能够成为行之有效的改进学校管理的新手段。

1.3在学校规范的管理中采集各类数据,形成一个综合数据库

依据《中小学学生学籍信息化管理基本信息规范》本系统分设了“0—17周岁”学龄人口档案和中小学学生学籍信息管理这两个功能模块。本系统还依据相关规定分别设有教师信息管理功能模块、义务教育经费管理功能模块和图书、设备使用管理功能模块。这些功能模块尽可能详细、准确,真实地收集学龄人口、中小学学生,教师等与其相对应的管理对象的信息,形成一个综合数据库,为学校和各级教育行政部门提供比较翔实的基础数据。学校层面可以通过这个综合数据库获得改善学校教育质量所需的信息,增强了教育教学的针对性。各级教育行政部门则可以利用这个基础数据库对学校进行监测与评估,并以此数据库作为教育规划和决策的依据。

1.4构建起新型、高效的农村中小学教育管理模式

学校的教育管理工作涉及大量、日常、动态的信息,对各种信息的利用率直接影响到教育教学的管理水平。中英EMIS能够减轻教师、校长、教育行政部门对于复杂数据的统计及计算工作,达到了运用数据信息改进教育工作的目的,构建起了适合农村中小学教育管理工作的新型、高效的教育管理模式。因此,系统设计上本系统采用先进的程序设计和网络技术以实现EMIS信息的共享与综合利用,提高中英EMIS的安全性能、管理工作的决策水平。

2.系统设计

根据西部地区农村中小学教育信息化程度低国情,中英EMIS分为学校层面使用的单机版系统和县级以上教育行政部门使用的网络版。两个版本均采用MYSQL数据库保证了信息的安全性,具有简化而高级的特性来促进完善的数据库设计、可靠的实施和处理。教育行政部门层面中英EMIS以城域网为依托,以WindowsNT4.0/Windows2000作为网络系统软件平台。前端开发工具采用当前流行的java开发工具,系统架构也采用当前流行的浏览器/服务器(B/S)结构。这样的结构大大降低了系统客户端的使用难度,用户只需要通过浏览器就能使用系统的所有功能,这样的设计既充分发挥了各种分布式计算机的计算优势,又实现了与最新计算机技术的融合。

3.中英EMIS功能设计

中英EMIS设计有“0—17周岁”学龄人口档案、中小学学生学籍信息管理、教师信息管理、义务教育经费管理,图书、设备使用管理5个功能模块。

3.1“0—17周岁”学龄人口档案

统计分析学龄人口的基数,结合在校学龄人口数就能比较准确地测算学龄人口的净入学率,根據学龄人口基数的变动趋势为进一步的学校布局调整提供依据。

3.2中小学学生学籍信息管理

为每一个进校的学生建立学籍档案,跟踪每个学生从小学入学到初中毕业,全面地反映每个学生每学期的基本情况、学习效果和学籍异动等信息,有助于教师全面了解学生的成长历程,增强教育的针对性;利用该模块可以及时准确地了解学生的入学情况,从而为各级政府依法督促适龄儿童入学、控制学生失学、实现“普九”目标和巩固“普九”成果提供第一手资料;改变各项目县学籍管理制度不够完善、不统一的现状。推动学生学籍管理的规范化、信息化,成为提高学校管理水平的一个有效措施。

3.3教师信息管理

该模块侧重于教师的专业方向、外语能力、教学情况、科研成果和业务进修情况等。这些信息的记录和使用,将有助于教育管理者了解每个教师的成长过程,把握教师的发展状态及其要求,为改进教师管理和促进教师专业化发展提供信息支持。

3.4义务教育经费管理

从2006年起,国家逐步把农村义务教育全面纳入公共财政保障范围,建立中央与地方分项目、按比例分担的农村义务教育经费保障机制。新机制的重要内容之一,是建立农村义务教育阶段学校预算制度。国家在2006年和2007年两年分别在西部地区和中东部地区分区域试编规范的农村中小学经费预算,从2008年开始,在全国范围内正式编制农村中小学经费预算。

管理是新机制能否成功的关键。因此,本模块将与国家义务教育经费保障办公室开发的软件接轨。以此次改革为契机,通过规范化的管理程序和软件保证学校预算、决算数据的准确、可靠,使每笔开支有根据、有来源、有保障、有效益、有监督。

3.5图书、设备使用管理

近年来,国家通过实施各类项目为农村中小学配备了大量的图书、仪器和设备。配置硬件并不能自动地保证实施国家新课程所需要的教学方法的转变。因此,对学校管理的评价需要关注校长如何鼓励教师有效地使用这些图书、仪器和设备等。如果能充分地管理和有效地使用这些设备和资源,将极大地提高学校教育质量。该模块将侧重于记录和分析这些图书、仪器和设备用于教学的实际信息,以提高它们的使用效率。

【参考文献】

[1]中英西南基础教育项目办公室.中英基础教育项目教育管理信息系统使用指南.北京:教育科学出版社.2010.8.

[2]傅骞,李娜,陈良柱.教育管理信息系统部署方式深入研究.教育信息化.2006.9.

[3]杨琰华,余胜泉.教育管理信息系统互操作标准化研究.教育信息化.2002.7.

作者:林广波

第3篇:北京工业大学学院中英文介绍

学校简介

北京工业大学是一所国家“211工程”重点建设的多科性的市属重点大学,2003年教育部本科教学被评为优秀。2008年奥运会羽毛球暨艺术体操比赛将在建设中的北京工业大学体育馆举行。学校下设16个学院,44个本科专业。有8个一级学科博士学位授予点,37个二级学科博士学位授予点,9个博士后科研流动站,80个硕士学位授予点,14个工程硕士授权培养领域。有2个国家级重点学科,8个北京市重点学科,11个北京市重点建设学科。现有全日制在校生16000余人。学校在教育、科研与学术方面与美国、英国、德国、日本、加拿大、俄罗斯等国家和地区近百所大学、科研机构和企业建立了合作和联系。

Brief Introduction

Beijing University of Technology, ranked as one of the 100 key universities for the 21st century, is a university under theadministration of the Beijing municipal government, which has established a multi-disciplinary academic structure. And ithas built the badminton stadium and rhythmic gymnastics stadium for the 2008 Olympic Games on campus. The universityhas established 16 colleges, which offer 44 Bachelor’s Degree programs, 80 Master’s programs, 14 Engineering Master’sDegree programs, 45 Doctor’s Degree programs and 9 postdoctoral research stations, among which there are 2 national, 8municipal and 11 being-established key subjects. Currently there are more than 16,000 students. At the same time, it hasestablished cooperation and contact with nearly a hundred universities, research agencies and enterprises from manycountries, such as US, UK, Germany, Japan, Canada, Russia and etc.艺术设计学院

北京工业大学艺术设计学院1958年创建。学院坐落在“中国艺术研究院”和“中国现代文学馆”之间,拥有独特的育人氛围和人文环境,教师来自国内、国际著名学府和专业机构,为国内外培养了数十位国家级工艺美术大师和大量的艺术设计人才,在国内外艺术和设计活动中获得了丰富的奖项。学院的办学宗旨是:“一切为了学生的就业,一切为了学生的事业发展”。衡量一所学院的好坏,标准是看它的毕业生进入社会主流的比例到底有多大。欢迎大家来此网站浏览我院的基本风貌。

Art and Design College

College of art and design of BJUT was founded in 1958. It is located between Chinese National Academy of Arts andNational Museum of Modern Chinese Literature, which area has a unique atmosphere of education and culture. The teachingstaff of the college come from famous schools and professional agencies, who have cultivated tens of masters of art anddesign home and abroad and have won lots of prizes in national and international art and design activities. The tenet of ourcollege is “All for students’ employment and all for students’ career development”. The standard to weigh a college istoseewhat percentage of its graduates enters the main streams of the society. Welcome to our website.

第4篇:北京旅游景点介绍-中英对照

1.故宫

故宫又名紫禁城,位于北京市中心、天安门广场北1km,景山南门对面。故宫外围是一条护城河,河内是周长3km、高近10米的城墙,城墙四面都有门,南有午门,北有神武门,东有东华门,西有西华门;城墙四角还耸立着4座角楼,造型别致,玲珑剔透。

故宫大体可分为两部分,南为工作区,即外朝;北为生活区,即内廷。其所有建筑排列在中轴线上,东西对称。在居住区以北还有一个小巧别致的御花园,是皇室人员游玩之所。

现在故宫的一些宫殿中设有综合性展览,收藏有大量古代艺术珍品,是中国文物收藏最丰富的博物馆。 1. The Imperial Palace The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing City, 1 km north from the Tiananmen Square, right opposite the south gate of Jingshan Mountain. Outside the Imperial Palace lies a moat, on the inner side of which there‟s the city wall whose perimeter is 3 km with a height of nearly 10 meters. The wall has one gate on each side: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate to the north, the Donghua Gate to the east and the Xihua Gate to the west; besides, there‟re four exquisitely carved unique turrets standing at each corner of the wall. The Forbidden City can be roughly divided into two parts: the southern part, the working area, is called “the outer court” and the northern part, the living area, is regarded as “the imperial palace”. All the constructions of the Imperial Palace are arranged orderly on the central axis with eastwest symmetry. To the north of the living area is the small but unique Imperial Garden where the royal family amuse themselves. Nowadays, some palaces in the Forbidden City have been equipped with comprehensive exhibitions where abundant ancient art treasures are collected. The National Palace Museum is the museum that collects the most cultural relics in China.

2.天坛公园

天坛位于北京城南端,是明清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛,围墙分内外两层,呈回字形。北围墙为弧圆形,南围墙与东西墙成直角相交,为方形。这种南方北圆,通称“天地墙”,象征古代“天圆地方”之说。外坛墙东、南、北三面均没有门,只有西边修两座大门——圜丘坛门和祈谷坛门(也称天坛门)。而内坛墙四周则有东、南、西、北四座天门。内坛建有祭坛和斋宫,并有一道东西横墙,南为圜丘坛,北为祈谷坛。 2. The Temple of Heaven Located in southern Beijing City, the Temple of Heaven is the place where the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties worshiped Heaven and prayed for bumper crops. The Temple of Heaven is comprised of the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, and there‟re two walls, the inner one and the outer one, surrounding the Temple of Heaven. With north wall being circular and the south one square as it intersects with the east and west walls at right angles, they‟re given the name “the Heaven and Earth Walls”, representing Heaven and Earth, for in ancient China, people believed that Heaven was round and Earth was square. There is no gate at the east, south and north side of the outer wall and the only two gates are at the west side, which are the Circular Mound Altar Gate and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests Gate, also known as the Tiantan Gate. While, the inner wall is surrounded by four gates, each one at each side. Inside the temple are the altar and the Hall of Abstinence, and they are separated by a cross wall trending east-west, to the south of which is the Circular Mound Altar and to the north is the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests.

3.颐和园

颐和园坐落于北京西郊,是中国古典园林之首,总面积约290公顷,由万寿山和昆明湖组成。全园分3个区域:以仁寿殿为中心的政治活动区;以玉澜堂、乐寿堂为主体的帝后生活区;以万寿山和昆明湖组成的风景旅游区。 3. The Summer Palace Located in the western suburbs of Beijing, the Summer Palace which is regarded as the most typical Chinese classical garden is composed by the Longevity Hill and the Kunming Lake, covering a total area of about 290 hectares. The whole palace is mainly divided into 3 areas: the political activities area with the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity as the center; the royal living area, the Hall of Jade Ripples and the Hall of Happiness and Longevity; the scenic area which consists of the Longevity Hill and the Kunming Lake.

4.圆明园

圆明园坐落在北京西郊,毗邻颐和园,由圆明、长春、绮春三园组成,是清朝帝王在150余年间创建和经营的一座大型皇家宫苑。圆明园不仅以园林著称,而且也是一座收藏丰富的皇家博物馆,园内各殿堂内陈列有许多国内外稀世文物,园中文源阁是全国四大皇家藏书楼之一,藏有《四库全书》、《古今图书集成》、《四库全书荟要》等珍贵图书文物。不幸的是,这一世界名园在19世纪末期惨遭英法联军的劫掠和焚毁,以后又经历了无数次毁灭和劫掠,最终沦为一片废墟。 4. The Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden Situated in the western suburbs of Beijing and adjoining the Summer Palace, the Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden, comprised by Yuanming, Changchun and Yichun Gardens, is a large royal garden constructed and operated by the emperors of Qing Dynasty within more than 150 years since emperor Kangxi came to power. Not only is the Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden famous for its gardens, it‟s also a royal museum that has a rich collection of rare cultural relics of home and abroad. As one of the four royal libraries across the nation, the Wenyuan Chamber, also known as the Imperial Library, collects many precious books, e.g. The Si Ku Quan Shu, Collection of Ancient and Modern Books, the Si Ku Quan Shu Abstract. However, unfortunately, after the Anglo-French Allied Force plundered and burned down the garden in late 20th century and numerous destructions by other invaders, this world-famous garden was reduced to nothing but ruins.

5.鼓楼、钟楼

鼓楼位于北京市中轴线上的地安门外大街,与钟楼一起在元、明、清时为北京全城报时中心, 1990年起,鼓楼和钟楼在每年除夕和正月初一时恢复鸣钟击鼓。站在鼓楼上可以看到整个后海及地安门大街的热闹繁华,登上钟楼向北可见北京的中轴线沿线建筑,天气晴朗的时候可以望到远处的鸟巢及水立方。鼓楼和钟楼的东西两侧则是保存完整的胡同区,可以看到整齐的院落及天空中带着鸣哨的鸽子群。

5. The Bell Tower and the Drum Tower Located at the Di‟anmen Outer Street on the central axis of Beijing City, the Drum Tower together with the Bell Tower were the time service center of Beijing City back in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In 1990, the government decided to recover the bell striking and drum beating on every New Year‟ Eve and New Year‟s Day of the Chinese lunar calendar. Standing on the Drum Tower, you can feel the liveliness and prosperity of Houhai and the Di‟anmen Avenue. While on the Bell Tower, right in front of your eyes are those constructions alongside the central axis of Beijing City and when the weather is clear, you can even see the Bird‟s Nest and the Water Cube far distance away. At the east and west sides of the Bell Tower and the Drum Tower are the well-conserved Hutong neighborhoods where there‟re orderly arranged courtyards and pigeons wearing whistles.

6.天安门广场 在长安街南侧,北京城的传统中轴线上,座落着世界上最大的广场——天安门广场,广场中心为人民英雄纪念碑,继续向南穿过毛主席纪念堂就到了正阳门,也就是人们常说的前门。广场的西侧是人民大会堂,东侧是国家博物馆。在广场的对面,长安街的北侧即是天安门城楼,城楼下是波光粼粼的金水河。每天的清晨和傍晚,天安门广场都会举行隆重严肃的升降旗仪式,对于初到北京的人来说,观看一场升降旗仪式是必不可少的一件事。 6. The Tiananmen Square At the south side of Chang An Avenue and on the traditional central axis of Beijing City locates the Tiananmen Square, the world‟s largest square. In the center of the square stands the Monument of the People„s Heroes, to the south of which is the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, and cross the hall you‟ll arrive at the Zhengyang Gate which is more frequently referred to by people as Qianmen. The Great Hall of the People lies on the west side of the square and on the east side is the National Museum. Right opposite the square, namely, the north side of Chang An Avenue is the Tiananmen Gate Tower beneath which flows the glistening Golden Stream. Every morning and dusk witnesses a grand and solemn flag raising and lowering ceremony and those who come to Beijing for the first time definitely don‟t want to miss the flag raising ceremony.

7.明十三陵

明十三陵是明朝迁都北京后13位皇帝的墓葬群,位于昌平区天寿山南麓,距市区约50km。明十三陵由13个独立的陵墓组成为一个统一的整体。每座陵墓分别建于一座山前,陵墓规格大同小异,陵与陵之间少至0.5km,多至8km。已开放的景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵和神道(神路)。 7. The Ming Tombs Situated at the south foot of the Tianshou Mountain in Changping District which is about 50 km away from the city center, the Ming Tombs are the graves of the 13 emperors of Ming Dynasty after the capital of Ming Dynasty was moved from Nanjing to Beijing. It‟s a unified entirety composed by 13 independent tombs. Every tomb was built in the front of a mountain, but their sizes are quite different from each other. There‟s at least a distance of 0.5 km and 8 km at most between each two tombs.Changling Mausoleum, Dingling Mausoleum, Zhaoling Mausoleum and Shendao Mausoleum are the tombs that have been opened to be scenic spots.

8.万里长城

中国万里长城是世界上修建时间最长,工程量最大的冷兵器战争时代的国家军事性防御工程,凝聚着我们祖先的血汗和智慧,是中华民族的象征和骄傲。长城全长大约6700公里,通称“万里长城”。长城的修建持续了两千多年,根据历史记载,从公元前七世纪楚国筑“方城”开始,至明代,共有20多个诸侯国和封建王朝修筑过长城。其中秦、汉、明三个朝代长城的长度都超过了5000公里。 长城的主体工程是绵延万里的高大城墙,大都建在山岭最高处,沿着山脊把蜿蜒无尽的山势勾画出清晰的轮廓,塑造出奔腾飞跃、气势蓬勃的巨龙,从而成为中华民族的象征。在万里长城上,分布着百座雄关、隘口,成千上万座敌台、烽火台,既打破了城墙的单调感,又使高低起伏的地形更显得雄奇险峻,充满巨大的艺术魅力。

都说不到长城非好汉,我们这些生长在长城脚下的子民,没有理由不去长城瞻仰膜拜吧?

推荐登长城地点:

著名长城:八达岭长城、居庸关长城

这类长城是团队游客必到的北京经典景点,修缮的比较好,却也每个毛孔都透着“新”气,每年的游客络绎不绝,节假日时更是人满为患。

“野”长城:慕田峪长城、司马台长城、箭扣长城、黄花城水长城、古北口长城、金山岭长城、白岭关长城、石峡关长城、沿河城长城等。

这类长城大多深藏在荒山野岭,虽惨败破落,却别有一番沧桑、肃杀的味道,而且这些长城所倚山势多险峻壮观,不少路段山体近垂直陡峭,景观震撼。但攀爬野长城需注意自身安全,并注意环保和保护野长城。 8. The Great Wall As the national military defensive project in cold weapon era that took the longest period of time to build and with the largest project amount in the world, the Great Wall of China, imbued with the blood, sweat and ingenuity of our ancestors, is the symbol and pride of the Chinese nation. With a total length of about 6700 km, it‟s called “the Great Wall”. Based on historical records, Chu State first built the wall “Fangcheng” in 700 BC and the construction never ended until Ming Dynasty, the construction of the Great Wall lasted for over two thousand years during which more than 20 kingdoms and feudal dynasties once took part in building the Great Wall. In Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties, the length of the wall were all more than 5000 km. The major part of the Great Wall is the tall wall extending for thousands of miles, most of which were built on the highest point of the mountain ridges. The Great Walls, like a leaping giant dragon full of momentum, sketches a legible outline of the endless winding mountains alongside those ridges, therefore becoming the symbol of the Chinese nation. Hundreds of impregnable passes and barriers, and thousands of enemy towers and smoke towers are distributed on the Great Wall, which not only makes the Great Wall not that monotonous but also emphasizes grandness and steepness of the already precipitous landform, full of artistic charm. He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man, thus there‟s no reason for people who live at the foot of the Great Wall not to worship it. Recommended places to climb the Great Wall: Famous Great Walls: Badaling Great Wall and Juyongguan Great Wall These Kind Of Great Walls though relatively well-repaired yet filled with completely new elements are classical scenic spots in Beijing that group tourists certainly won‟t miss. Every year, those scenic spots see tens of thousands of visitors, and visitors are especially numerous during holidays. The “wild” Great Walls: Mutianyu Great Wall, Simatai Great Wall, Jiankou Great Wall, Huanghuachengshui Great Wall, Gubeikou Great Wall, Jinshanling Great Wall, Bailingguan Great Wall, Shixiaguan Great Wall, Yanhecheng Great Wall etc. Those types of Great Walls mostly hide in the deep wild mountains, ruined and dilapidated, but beneath that you can see that they are weather-beaten and chilling. The mountains on which those walls were built are grand and precipitous, and you can see the mountains on some sections of the wall are almost vertical, which really catches one‟s breath. However, at the same time when you take care of the environment and protect the wild Great Walls while climbing the wall, don‟t forget to mind your own safety as well.

9.孔庙国子监

国子监位于北京安定门内国子监街(原名成贤街),与孔庙和雍和宫相邻,是我国元、明、清三代国家管理教育的最高行政机构和国家设立的最高学府。北京孔庙是国子监的一部分,原称国子监孔庙或京师孔庙,是皇帝举行国家祭孔典礼的场所,它与西侧太学(国子监)构成“左庙右学”的建制。由于夏季炎热,每年10-4月是最佳旅游季节,春暖花开,气候宜人。还可以顺便在皇城根公园一带溜达溜达,赏花看鸟,很惬意。9. The Beijing Confucius Temple and the Imperial College Located at the Street of Confucius Temple (the old name is called Chengxian Street) in the Anding Door, the Imperial College is adjacent to the Confucius Temple and the Yonghegong Lamasery. It is the Chinese highest administrative institution of the national education management in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and also the most advanced school established by state. Beijing Confucius Temple is one part of the Imperial College that once was called the Confucius Temple of Imperial College or Peking Imperial Confucius Temple. And It was the place that the emperor giving the national Confucius memorial ceremony. It forms the construction system of “temple left and school right” with the Imperial Collage at its west side. From the October to the April in the next year, there are wonderful flowers everywhere in the warm spring and the climate is quite agreeable, it is the best tourist season other than the hot summer. People can also take a walk in the Imperial Palace Wall Park by the way, and to appreciate the flowers and birds which is very pleasant.

10.景山公园

景山地处北京城中轴线最高点。登上景山,可俯瞰北京,古都风貌尽收眼底,美不胜收。景山春天有牡丹展、夏天有荷花展、秋天有秋实秋菊展,三季花团锦簇,四季松柏常青。除了美景,这里还充满着老北京的生活气息,每天早晚都有很多人在这里锻炼,多以老年人为主,他们还在这里唱红歌忆往昔。 10. The Jingshan Park The Jingshan Park is at the top of the axle wire of Beijing city. Climbing up on the Jingshan, people can overlook and have a panoramic view of Beijing; it is a feast for the eyes. There are peony show in spring, lotus show in summer and chrysanthemum show in autumn. It is the bouquets of flowers and piles of brocades for three seasons and the pine and cypress staying evergreen for four seasons. In addition to the beautiful scenery, there is filled with the lifestyle of old Peking: there are many people taking exercise every morning and night, mostly are the elderly, they are also singing the red songs and recalling the past.

11.中山公园

中山公园坐落在北京城中心,位于天安门西侧,前邻天安门广场,后依紫禁城。原是明、清时的社稷坛,因1925年孙中山先生的灵柩曾停放在园内拜殿中,1928年命名为中山公园。中山音乐堂就在中山公园内,中山音乐堂是中国爱乐乐团与北京交响乐团音乐季的主场,同时也是北京国际音乐节的主要演出场地。

11. The Zhongshan Park The Zhongshan Park is situated in the center of Beijing city, located at the west side of Tiananmen. Its front is adjacent to the Tiananmen Square and its back is near the Forbidden City. The Zhongshan Park was once the Altar of Land and Grain in Ming and Qing dynasty. In 1925, the bier of Sun Yat-sen was placed in the hall of the park, Therefore, in 1928, it got the name of Zhongshan Park. Zhongshan Music Hall is in the Zhongshan Park, it is the music season home court of the Chinese Philharmonic Orchestra and Beijing Symphony Orchestra, and meanwhile, it is also the main performing place of Beijing International Music Festival.

12.香山公园

香山公园位于北京西郊,景区内主峰香炉峰俗称“鬼见愁”,海拔557m。香山公园文物古迹众多,有燕京八景之一的“西山晴雪”,有集明清两代建筑风格的寺院“碧云寺”,有国内仅存的木质贴金“五百罗汉”,有迎接六世**的行宫“宗镜大昭之庙”,有颇具江南特色的古雅庭院“见心斋”。香山红叶驰名中外,1986年就被评为“新北京十六景”之一,成为京城最浓的秋色,每到深秋时节(10月中旬至11月中旬),数以万计的中外游客齐聚香山,共赏秋色。

12. The Fragrant Hill Park The Fragrant Hill Park is located in western suburbs of Beijing. The main peak Hyangnobong is commonly known as “devilishly hard to achieve” with a altitude of 557 meters. There are numerous historical relics, such as the “Fine Snow in Xishan”, one of the Eight Great sights of Yanjing, the “Temple of Azure Cloud” which has the architectural style of Ming and Qing dynasty, the remaining wooden “Five Hundred Arhats” with golden coat, the temporary imperial palace “Zongjing Jokhang Temple” to welcome the Sixth Panchen Lama, and the graceful courtyard “Jianxin Hall” with the characteristics of the regions south of the Yangtze River. The maple leaves in Fragrant Hill is known at home and abroad. In 1986, it was rated as one view of the “Sixteen Sights of New Beijing”, and became the most charming autumn scenery in Beijing. In late autumn (from the middle of October to the middle of November), millions of the visitors gather in the Fragrant Hill to appreciate the autumn scenery.

13.水立方(国家游泳中心)

国家游泳中心位于北京奥林匹克公园内,是2008年北京奥运会标志性建筑物之一。奥运期间承担了游泳、跳水、花样游泳、水球等比赛,赛后建成具有国际先进水平的集游泳、健身、休闲于一体的活动中心。“水立方”与国家体育场“鸟巢”分别位于中轴线两侧,一方一圆,遥相呼应,构成了“人文奥运”的独特风景线。

13. The Water Cube( National Swimming Center) The National Swimming Center is situated in the Beijing Olympic Park, and it is one of the symbolic buildings of Beijing Olympic Games in 2008. There held the swimming, diving, synchronized swimming and water polo and so on. After the Beijing Olympic Games, it was constructed into the activity center which concentrated the swimming, fitness and leisure as a whole. “The Water Cube” and “The Bird‟s Nest” are respectively located at the two side of the axle wire of Beijing. There is one square and one round, they are echoing each other at a distance which forming the creating scenery line of “the Humanistic Olympics”.

14.鸟巢(国家体育馆)

国家体育场即“鸟巢”位于北京市北四环的奥林匹克公园以南,建筑面积约26万平方米,可容纳观众10万人,承担2008北京奥运会田径、足球两大项目的比赛任务,同时承担奥运会开幕式、闭幕式任务。奥运会后成为北京市民广泛参与体育活动及享受体育娱乐的大型专业场所,并成为具有地标性的体育建筑和奥运遗产。

14.The Bird‟s Nest ( National Indoor Stadium) The National Indoor Stadium also called “Bird‟s Nest” is situated in the south of the Olympic Park in Beijing North Four Ring Road. Its covered area is about 260 thousand square meters, which can hold 100 thousand audiences, can conduct the track and field and the football game of Beijing Olympic Games, and can hold the opening and closing ceremony of the Olympic Games at the same time. After the Beijing Olympic Games, the Bird‟s Nest is widely known as the large professional place for citizens to take part in the sports activities and enjoy the sports entertainment. It also becomes the landmark sports building and the Olympic legacy.

15.北京动物园

北京动物园是我国开放最早、动物种类最多的动物园,从清光绪三十二年(1906年)正式建园至今已有逾百年的历史。1955年改今名。各种动物都有专门的馆舍,如犀牛馆、河马馆、狮虎山、熊山、猴山、鹿苑、象房、羚羊馆、长颈鹿馆 、熊猫馆、海兽馆 、猩猩馆、两栖爬虫馆、鸣禽馆、小动物园等。

15. The Beijing Zoo Beijing Zoo is the first opening zoo and owns the highest number of animal species in China. Up to now, there is more than one hundred years history from the establishment on thirty-two years Guangxu Emperor (1906). In 1955, the zoo changed the name into Beijing Zoo. In Beijing Zoo, each kind of animal has its special museum, like rhinoceros museum, hippopotamus museum, lion and tiger hill, bear hill, monkey hill, deer park, elephant house, antelope museum, giraffe museum, panda museum, sea mammal museum, gorilla museum, amphibian & reptile museum, songbird museum and small animal zoo and do forth.

16.北京欢乐谷

北京欢乐谷是一座主题生态游乐园,位于朝阳区东四环四方桥东南角,占地100万平方米。分别由峡湾森林、亚特兰蒂斯、失落玛雅、爱琴港、香格里拉和蚂蚁王国等六个主题区组成,120余项体验项目可以满足不同人群的需要。夏季时还开放夜场,尽享浪漫神秘。 16. The Beijing Happy Valley The Beijing Happy Valley is an ecological theme amusement park located at the Sifang Bridge southeast corner of Chaoyang District East Forth Ring Road, the total area amounts to one million square meters. It is divided into six theme districts: the Wild Fjord, the Atlantis, the Lost Maya, the Aegean Harbor, the Shangri-La and the Ant Kingdom. There are more than 120 experience activities to meet the needs of different people. In summer, people can also enjoy the romance and mystery at evening show.

第5篇:奥巴马北京演讲中英文对照稿

奥巴马(欧巴马)和胡锦涛于11月17日在北京举行联合新闻记者会,分别发表讲话。奥巴马总统的讲话全文,英语演讲稿+翻译。

PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon. I want to start by thanking President Hu and the Chinese people for the warmth and hospitality that they have shown myself and our delegation since we arrived. We had a wonderful day in Shanghai yesterday, a wonderful discussion with China’s young men and

women, and I’m looking forward to the conversations we’ll have and the sights that we’ll see here in Beijing over the next two days.

奥巴马总统:下午好。首先我要感谢胡主席和中国人民从我们到来后给予我和代表团的热情款待。昨天,我们在上海度过了非常愉快的一天,同中国男女青年进行了一次十分愉快的讨论。我期待着我们今明两天将在北京进行的会谈和景点参观。

We meet here at a time when the relationship between the United States and China has never been more important to our collective future. The major

challenges of the 21st century, from climate change to nuclear proliferation to economic recovery, are challenges that touch both our nations, and challenges that neither of our nations can solve by acting alone.

我们是在美中关系对我们的共同未来具有前所未有的重要性的时刻在这里举行会晤。21世纪的各项重大挑战,无论是气候变化、核扩散还是经济复苏,都与我们两个国家相关,而且哪个国家都不能通过单独行动来对付这些挑战。

That’s why the United States welcomes China’s efforts in playing a greater role on the world stage -- a role in which a growing economy is joined by growing responsibilities. And that’s why President Hu and I talked about continuing to build a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive relationship between our nations.

这就是为什么美国欢迎中国努力在世界舞台上发挥更大的作用——这个作用意味着伴随经济发展而增长的责任。这也就是为什么胡主席和我都谈到要继续建立积极合作全面的美中关系。

As President Hu indicated, we discussed what’s required to sustain this

economic recovery so that economic growth is followed by the creation of new jobs and lasting prosperity. So far China’s partnership has proved critical in our effort to pull ourselves out of the worst recession in generations.

如胡主席所说,我们讨论了要使经济复苏持续所必须采取的措施,以便使经济增长带来新的就业机会,实现持久繁荣。迄今,与中国的伙伴关系被证明在我们为摆脱几代人以来最严重的衰退所作的努力中至关重要。

Going forward, we agreed to advance the pledge made at the G20 summit in

Pittsburgh and pursue a strategy of more balanced economic growth -- a

strategy where America saves more, spends less, reduces our long-term debt, and where China makes adjustments across a broad range of policies to

rebalance its economy and spur domestic demand. This will lead to increased U.S. exports and jobs, on the one hand, and higher living standards in China on the other.

展望未来,我们同意推进我们在匹兹堡20国集团峰会上所作的保证,实施经济更平衡增长的策略。根据这一策略,美国要增加储蓄,降低消费,减少长期债务,而中国则要进行各项政策调整以平衡经济,刺激内需。这样,将一方面增加美国的出口和就业机会,另一方面提高中国的生活水平。

As President Hu indicated, we also agreed that maintaining open market and free flows of commerce in both our nations will contribute to our shared

prosperity. And I was pleased to note the Chinese commitment, made in past statements, to move toward a more market-oriented exchange rate over time. I emphasized in our discussions, and have others in the region, that doing so based on economic fundamentals would make an essential contribution to the global rebalancing effort.

如胡主席所说,我们还一致认为,保持我们两国市场的开放和商贸的自由流通将能增进我们的共同繁荣。我很高兴地注意到,中国多次表示了对逐步实现在更大程度上由市场决定汇率的承诺。我在双方以及在与地区其他各方的讨论中强调,这样按照基本经济原理行事将是对全球经济的重新平衡的重大贡献。

President Hu and I also made progress on the issue of climate change. As the two largest consumers and producers of energy, there can be no solution to this challenge without the efforts of both China and the United States. That’s why we’ve agreed to a series of important new initiatives in this area. As President Hu indicated, we are creating a joint clean energy research center, and have achieved agreements on energy efficiency, renewable energy, cleaner uses of coal, electric vehicles, and shale gas.

胡主席和我在气候变化问题上也取得了进展。作为能源的最大消费国和生产国,没有中美两国的共同努力就无法成功地应对这一挑战。因此我们同意在这一领域采取一系列新的重要行动。胡主席已说明,我们将设立一个清洁能源联合研究中心,我们还就能效、可再生能源、清洁使用煤炭、电动车辆和页岩气等问题达成一致。

We also agreed to work toward a successful outcome in Copenhagen. Our aim there, in support of what Prime Minister Rasmussen of Denmark is trying to achieve, is not a partial accord or a political declaration, but rather an accord that covers all of the issues in the negotiations, and one that has immediate operational effect. This kind of comprehensive agreement would be an

important step forward in the effort to rally the world around a solution to our

climate challenge. And we agreed that each of us would take significant mitigation actions and stand behind these commitments.

我们还同意为哥本哈根会议取得成果而努力。为支持丹麦首相拉斯穆森

(Rasmussen)所争取实现的目标,我们将不是致力于一项局部性的协议,也不是一份政治宣言,而是一项包含谈判涉及的所有问题的协议,一项可立即运作的协议。这样的全面协议将使动员全世界共同应对气候挑战的努力向前跨出重要一步。我们同意,双方都将采取重大的减缓行动,坚定地履行这些承诺。 On the issue of nonproliferation, President Hu and I discussed our shared commitment to stop the spread of nuclear weapons, and I told him how

appreciative I am of China’s support for the global nonproliferation regime as well as the verifiable elimination of North Korea’s nuclear weapons program. 在防扩散问题上,胡主席和我讨论了制止核武器扩散的共同承诺,我向胡主席表示了我对中国支持全球防扩散制度和可验证地消除北韩核武器项目的极大赞赏。 We agreed on the importance of resuming the six-party talks as soon as

possible. As I said in Tokyo, North Korea has a choice: It can continue down the path of confrontation and provocation that has led to less security, less

prosperity, and more isolation from the global community, or it can choose to become a full member of the international community, which will give a better life to its people by living up to international obligations and foregoing nuclear weapons.

我们一致认为尽快恢复六方会谈是重要的。正如我在东京说过的,北韩面临一个选择:它可以继续沿着对峙挑衅的道路走下去,结果只会是安全更少,繁荣更小,在全球社会中更加孤立;它也可以选择成为国际社会的正式成员,恪守国际义务,放弃核武器,让自己的人民过上更好的生活。

In the same way, we agreed that the Islamic Republic of Iran must provide assurances to the international community that its nuclear program is peaceful and transparent. On this point, our two nations and the rest of our P5-plus-1 partners are unified. Iran has an opportunity to present and demonstrate its peaceful intentions, but if it fails to take this opportunity there will be consequences.

同样地,我们也一致认为伊朗伊斯兰共和国必须向国际社会提供保证,保证其核项目是和平而且透明的。在这一点上,我们两国和五常加一的其他伙伴国意见一致。伊朗有此机会展示和表明其和平的目的,但如果它没能利用这次机会,则将面临后果。

President Hu and I also discussed our mutual interest in security and stability of Afghanistan and Pakistan. And neither country can or should be used as a base for terrorism, and we agreed to cooperate more on meeting this goal, including

bringing about more stable, peaceful relations in all of South Asia.

胡锦涛主席和我还讨论了我们对阿富汗和巴基斯坦的安全和稳定的共同利益。这两个国家都不能也不应该成为恐怖分子的基地。我们同意为达到这个目标加深合作,包括在整个南亚建设更稳定、和平的关系。

Finally, as I did yesterday in Shanghai, I spoke to President Hu about America’s bedrock beliefs that all men and women possess certain fundamental human rights. We do not believe these principles are unique to America, but rather they are universal rights and that they should be available to all peoples, to all ethnic and religious minorities. And our two countries agreed to continue to move this discussion forward in a human rights dialogue that is scheduled for early next year.

最后,如同我昨天在上海时一样,我向胡锦涛主席谈了美国的基本信念,即人人都有某些最基本的人权。我们不认为这些原则是美国特有的,它们是普遍的权利。各国人民,各个少数民族和宗教少数派都应该享有。我们两国同意在定于明年年初举行的人权对话中继续推动这种讨论。

As President Hu indicated, the United States respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of China. And once again, we have reaffirmed our strong commitment to a one-China policy.

正如胡锦涛主席指出的那样,美国尊重中国的主权和领土完整。我们再次重申对一个中国政策的承诺。

We did note that while we recognize that Tibet is part of the People’s Republic of China, the United States supports the early resumption of dialogue between the Chinese government and representatives of the Dalai Lama to resolve any concerns and differences that the two sides may have. We also applauded the steps that the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan have already taken to relax tensions and build ties across the Taiwan Strait.

我们的确指出,尽管我们承认西藏是中华人民共和国的一部分,但美国支持中国政府与**喇嘛的代表早日恢复对话,以解决双方存在的担忧和分歧。我们也对中华人民共和国和台湾已经采取的缓和紧张局势和建立海峡两岸联系的步骤表示赞赏。

Our own policy, based on the three U.S.-China communiqués and the Taiwan Relations Act, supports the further development of these ties -- ties that are in the interest of both sides, as well as the broader region and the United States. 基于美中三个联合公报和《台湾关系法》,我们自身的政策是支持继续发展这些关系——这些关系有利于双方,有利于更广大的地区和美国。

These are just some of the issues that President Hu and I discussed. But we also know that the relationship between our two nations goes far beyond any single issue. In this young century, the jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek, all these things are shared. 这些只是胡锦涛主席和我讨论的问题的一部分。但是,我们也知道,我们两国的关系远远超出任何单一问题。置身这个世纪的初期,我们所做的工作,所创建的繁荣,所保护的环境,所寻求的安全——所有这一切都是共同分享的。

Given that interconnection, I do not believe that one country’s success must come at the expense of another. That’s why the United States welcomes China as a strong, prosperous and successful member of the community of nations. 鉴于这种相互关联,我不认为一个国家的成功必须以牺牲另一个国家的利益为代价。这就是为什么美国欢迎中国成为国际社会中一个强大、繁荣和成功的成员。 Our relationship going forward will not be without disagreement or difficulty. But because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and secure. We’ve seen what’s possible when we build upon our mutual interests and engage on the basis of equality and mutual respect. And I very much look forward to deepening that engagement and understanding during this trip and in the months and years to come.我们未来的关系不会没有分歧和困难。但由于我们的合作,美国和中国都更繁荣、更安全。我们已经看到,当我们在互利的基础上发展、在平等和相互尊重的基础上往来时能够取得什么样的成果。我非常期待在这次访问中和在未来的岁月里,加深这种交往和理解。

第6篇:中英文自我介绍

您好,很荣幸能够有参加这个面试的机会。我叫xxx,是xxx大学研一的学生。以前有过一些实习工作经验,虽然这些经历看起都很普通,但是我很享受中间的过程,以及这些经历对我的生活、学习和工作带来的帮助。尤其是在工商银行实习的过程中,更锻炼了我的耐心和组织交流沟通能力,处理紧急事务的能力。另外,我还参加过一些志愿者活动,提升了我的社会责任意识。

平时喜欢看书,健身,有事没事爱和朋友聊聊天,交流一下感情。我的性格比较随和,但是我有着年轻人对待生活的热情,积极进取的精神和认真踏实的态度。希望能在工作中锻炼自己,同时,在工作中实现自己的价值。谢谢。

Good morning! It is my honor to have this opportunity for the interview. My name is xxx, I’m a post graduate of xxxx, major in National Economics. I had some social practice in the past. Although it looks like ordinary, I appreciate the process as well as the benefits it brings to my life, work and study. Especially the experience in the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, it improved my patience and the ability to communicate, organize, and deal with emergencies. Besides, I also joined in some activities as a volunteer, it enhance my sense of social responsibility.

I prefer to read books and do body exercise, chat with my friends and exchange our feelings in my spare time. I’m easy going and energetic, also steady and diligent. I hope I can build myself and realize my values during the work. Tank you.

第7篇:中英文自我介绍

英文正文

Good morning. It's a pleasure for me to be here in front of you to present myself. My name is Jennifer Wong, and I am a candidate for the position of Overseas Sales Representative.

My background and work experience are tailor-made for this position. I studied marketing as an undergrad here in Taiwan, and in 1985, I received my MBA from the University of Texas School of Business. For five years now, I have utilized my skills and knowledge as the Assistant Director of Exports for Magic Kitchen Supplies.Action Appliances is a forward-looking company. I am aware that you are expanding into new markets, particularly in the U.S. Thus you are going to need aggressive, take-charge sales representatives. At Magic Kitchen, during my five years there, we expanded our U.S. market share by 25%. This is just one example of my ability to go out there and sell products.

A position with your company would be both a learning experience and a great opportunity. I look forward to becoming part of the Action team. Thank you.中文翻译

早安。很高兴能在这儿跟各位介绍自己:我是Jennifer Wong,来此应征海外业务代表。

我的背景和工作经验使我足以胜任这份业务代表的工作;我在台湾念大学,是主修行销,一九八五年,再从美国德州大学的商学院得到企管硕士的学位。过去五年来,我以这些专业知识及技巧担任神奇厨具用品公司的外销部副主任。Action电器公司是个高瞻远瞩的公司,我知道你们正在开拓新市场,尤其要在美国闯下一片天地;正因为如此,你们需要一位积极、肯负责的业务代表。在神奇厨具用品公司,我们将产品在美国的市场占有率提高了百分之二十五,这正足以证明我有能力在当地推销产品。

如果能进入贵公司工作,对我来说可以好好继续学习,也是个大好机会。我希望能成为Action电器公司的一员。谢谢。

第8篇:中英文经典自我介绍-面试自我介绍(面试技巧)

DOC格式,方便您的复制修改删减

中英文经典自我介绍-面试自我介绍-应届毕

业生求职网(面试技巧)

经典自我介绍

(一)

年轻是吃苦受累的季节,只有通过自己富有激情、积极主动的努力实现自身价值并在工作中做出最大的贡献:

作为一个初学者,我具备出色的学习能力并且乐于学习、敢于创新,不断追求卓越;在多年的学校教育里,我不断实践课本上的知识,最大限度的把理论知识结合到实际中.我拥有较为全面的专业知识和一定的实践经验,具有较强的沟通和组织能力,为人正直、能吃苦耐劳、爱好广泛,有极强的责任心和集体荣誉感;四年的大学生活造就了我钢铁航海人!我愿用自己的双手与您共同打造.....美好的未来。

通过对贵公司的一些初步了解,本人很希望能成为贵公司的一员,为公司的发展贡献自己的力量。我自信我的能力和热情能使我为贵公司的建设和发展做出一定的贡献。在此,衷心的祝愿贵公司事业蒸蒸日上! 如能有幸进入贵公司,必将努力工作,为公司的发展尽心尽力。

经典自我介绍

(二)

Good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, I would like to answer whatever you may raise, and I hope I can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september. now I will introduce myself briefly,I am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and I am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni.my major is packaging engineering.and I will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years,I spend most of my time on study,I have passed CET4/6 with a ease. and I have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice. besides, I have attend .

several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, I have taken a tour to some big factory and company. through these I have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry. compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard. but i have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still. I guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, I would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,I like my

major packaging and i wont give up,if I can pursue my master degree here I will combine law with my former education. I will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of pp, my character? I cannot describe it well, but I know I am optimistic and confident. sometimes I prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but I am not lonely, I like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online. through college life,I learn how to balance between study and entertainment. by the way, I was a actor of our amazing drama club. I had a few glorious memory on stage. that is my pride.

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