四级历年作文真题
一、2000年1月英语四级作文题目
1。 上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多种途径解决
2。 哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)
How I Finance My College Education
二、2000年6月英语四级作文题目
Directions： For this part， you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you。 You should write at least 100 words， and base your competition on the outline given in Chinese below：
1。 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是……2。 也有人持不同意见，…… 3。 我的看法和打算
Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
三、2001年1月英语四级作文题目
1。 面试在求职过程中的作用
2。 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是…… How to Succeed in a Job Interview?
四、2001年6月英语四级作文题目
Directions： For this part， you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter。 Suppose you are Zhang Ying。 Write a letter to Xiao Wang， a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday。 You should write a t least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese。
1。 表示欢迎2。 提出对度假安排的建议3。 提醒应注意的事项
A letter to a Schoolmate
June 23， 2001
Dear Xiao Wang，
Yours，
Zhang Ying
五、2002年1月英语四级作文题目
Directions： For this part， you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic： A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 100 words， and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below：
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼有而有之。
January 12th， 2002
Dear Mr. President，
六、2002年6月英语四级作文题目
Directions： For this part， you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers。 You should write at least 120 words， and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below：
1。 1990年(2 hours)、1995年(4 hours)、上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间：
2002年(14 hours)，请描述其变化;
2。 请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明); 3。 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。
Student Use of Computers
七、2003年1月英语四级作文题目
Directions： For this part， you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest。 You should write at least 100 words according to the outline given below in Chinese。
1。 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象
2。 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实
It Pays to Be Honest
八、2003年6月英语四级作文题目
假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：
1、车祸发生的时间及地点
2、你所见到的车祸情况
3、你对车祸原因的分析
An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident
九、2004年1月英语四级作文题目
1。建议报考的专业及理由2。报考该专业的基本条件3。应当如何备考
A Letter in Reply to a Friend
December 27th， 2003
Dear
十、2004年6月英语四级作文题目
Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A
2Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction。 You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines：
Your role： a tour guide
Your audience： a group of foreign tourists
Your introduction should include：
some welcoming words
the schedule for the day
a description of the place the tourists will be visiting (e。g。 a scenic spot or a historical site， etc。)
You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody。
十一、2005年1月英语四级作文题目
A Campaign Speech
1 你认为自己具备是什么条件(能力，性格，爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作，2 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么?
十二、2005年6月英语四级作文题目
A、向老师致以节日的问候
B、回忆一件老师难忘的事情
C、我如何报答
Teacher„s day
十三、2005年12月24日英语四级作文题目
Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below ：
1。名校校园正成为旅游新热点
2。校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同
3。我认为……
十四、2006年6月17日英语四级作文题目
An announcement for a voluntary program
1：校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动，现招聘志愿者
2：本次志愿者活动目的 内容及安排
3：报名条件和联系方式
十五Should one expect a reward when doing a good deed
1.有的人认为应该有回报
2.另外的人认为应该象雷锋一样不要回报
3.我的看法
十六
1、各大学开设了各种各样的选修课
2、学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课
3、以你自己为例……
十七（08六月）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of
Green Olympics. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 现在社会上有很多环境污染和精神污染的现象，提出你对“绿色奥运”的看法。2. 为什么要提倡“绿色奥运”。3. 提倡绿色奥运，从自己做起。
十八。（08年12月）1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用
2.造成的问题
3.限制使用的意义
十九（09年6月）Free admission to museums
越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么？
也会带来一些问题
二十（09年12月）Create a green campus
1.建设绿色校园十分重要
2.绿色校园不仅指绿色环境
3.为了建设绿色校园我们应该……
二十一（10年6月）
真题：Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling
1. 如今不少学生在英语(论坛)学习中不重视拼写，
2. 出现这种现象的原因是…
3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为….
二十二（10年12月）
作文：Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words folllowing the outline given below.
1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切
2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……
一、评分原则
1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后综合给分。
3.词数小于100的，从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。没错误书写3个单词从总分中减去1分，原则上不超过3分，重复的不计。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。标点符号错误，将视其对交际的影响程度酌情减分。
6.如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
四、说明
1. 内容要点可用不同方式表达。 2. 对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。 3. 文章内容须合乎逻辑语言 2012年书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他熟悉中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你根据以下提示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。
1. 提出邀请并简述原因;
2. 提出观剧后活动建议(如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等); 3. 请求对方回复
注意：
1.请使用规范英语，词数不少于100;
2.可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
越剧：Shaoxing Opera 《梁山伯与祝英台》Butterfly Lovers 天津大剧院 Tianjin Grand Theater
Dear Chris, I have good news to tell you._______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Jin 2011年书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李华。你校将于6月26日接待来自于美国某中学的学生访问团。你受学校委托，负责安排在津的一日活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给该团的领队Smith 先生写一封电子邮件，介绍活动计划并简要说明理由，最后征求对方意见。
1. 上午与我校学生座谈(话题如校园生活、文化差异等); 2. 中午与我校学生共同进餐(午餐包括饺子、面条等); 3. 下午与我校学生游览海河。
注意：
1. 次数不少于100;
2. 可是当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯; 3. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总次数。
参考词汇： 海河 the Haihe River Dear Mr. Smith, I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union, from Chenguang High School. _____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 2010年书面表达(满分25分)
61. 假设你是晨光中学的高中生李华。你校拟选拔一批优秀学生，利用暑期到晨曦希望小学为学生辅导英语。你希望参加此活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给校评选组写一封申请信：
1. 对此活动的认识(如对本人、学生级社会的益处等) 2. 个人优势(如性格、独立生活能力、语言能力等) 3. 你的计划(如怎样进行辅导等)
注意：
1.词数不少于100;
2.可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯; 3. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。
参考词汇： 晨曦希望小学 Chenxi Hope School
Dear Sir or Madam, I am Li Hua from Class One, Senior Two.______________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours Sincerely, Li Hua 2009年书面表达(满分25分) 假如你是晨光中学的学生会主席李华。学生会 将举办每年一度的英语演讲比赛，本的主题为“The English Novel I Like Best”。作为组织者，你将在演讲比赛开幕式时发言，请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇发言稿。
1. 说明比赛的意义，如提高英语听说能力，养成读书的习惯等; 2. 说明比赛的主意事项，如果每人演讲不超过5分钟，语言流利，发言准确等; 3. 预祝比赛圆满成功。
注意：
1. 词数：不少于100词;
2. 可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯;
3. 发言稿的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to this year’s English speech competition._________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 2008年书面表达(满分25分)
假设2008年2月12日是你父亲的生日，下面三幅图描绘的是你给父亲买完礼物后乘坐地铁回家是经历的一件事。请根据图示，用英语写一篇日记记叙这件事，并谈谈自己的感受。
注意：
1. 次数不少于100;
2. 可适当加入细节，使行文连贯。
参考词汇：列车 subway train
February 12th, 2008 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2007年书面表达(满分25分)
假设你校举办看图征文活动，题目为“How to Protect Our Eyesight”。请你用英语写一篇短文，指出图中所反映的现象，并从阅读时间、光线、眼睛保健及睡眠等方面，谈谈保护视力的具体方法。
注意：
1.词数：不少于100词;
2.可适当加入细节，以便使行文连贯。
参考词汇：
近视----short sighted
How to Protect Our Eyesight _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2006年书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是李华，在出国交流学习期间，到当地一家电影院看了一场精彩的电影，但在观影过程中发现了一些问题。请你根据下列提示用英语给影院经理写一封信。
1.因广告过多;影片放映晚点; 2.影片播放音量过大;
3.安全出口标识不明，存在安全隐患; 4.适当结尾。 注意：
1.词数：80～120;
2.可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯; 3.信的开头已为你写好(不计入词数)。
参考词汇：安全出口—exit 安全隐患—potential safety hazard Dear Manage, I’m an exchange student from China. Yesterday, I went to your cinema to see a film. The film was very good. But_____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully, Li Hua 2005年书面表达(满分25分)
66.请你根据提示用英语写一篇短文，介绍第十届全国书市开幕当天的情况，并浅谈举办书市的意义。
注意：
1. 词数：80~120 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
3. 参考词汇：全国书市---National Book Fair 开幕式---opening ceremony
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2004年书面表达(满分25分)
假设你班将举行一次英语班会，主题为“中学生应该如何使用家长给的零花钱”。请你根据提示写一篇发言稿。
注意：
1. 词数：100左右;
2. 参考词汇： 零花钱----pocket money
Dear friends, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2003年书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Bob将于九月到你所在城市的建新华文学校学中文，来信请你在学校附近为他找一套住房。请根据图画提供的信息，写信介绍住房的情况，并告知住房面积为25平方米，月租500元。
注意：
1. 词数：100左右
2. 参考词汇：房租---rent (n.) Dear Bob, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours, Li Hua
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8. statistics of family expenses in shanghai
1980 1990 2000
food & clothing 68% 45% 20%
recreation 3% 5% 8%
education 6% 16% 22%
health care 6% 10% 16%
others 17% 24% 35%
1.根据上表描述该城市家庭支出的变化
2.分析产生这些变化的原因
3.说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响?
as is shown in the table above, dramatic changes have taken place in family expenses in the city of shanghai within two decades (from 1980 to 2000). the most obvious change is in expense on food and clothing, which has dropped by 48%, while those on recreation, education and health care have increased respectively by 5%, l6% and l0%. expenses on other things keep rising from 17% to 35%.the statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but are in fact closely related to one another. the most likely factors accounting for these changes are as follows:
development in economy is the fundamental one. the increased income results in the lowering percentage of food and clothing. that is to say, a small percentage of the total income is enough to cover food and clothing expenses.
another factor lies in the development of people’s concept. when people are well fed and well dressed, they begin to interest themselves in recreation and education.
these changes should also be attributed to social reforms. in the 1990 s, college education was not totally free as it was before, which also accounts for the rising expenses on education. soon after, the government gradually stopped offering houses to its citizens without charges. people had to save a large proportion of their money for housing.
that’s partly why the expenses for others doubled.as for the more expenses on health care, i figure there are two main reasons: the cancellation of free medical care and people’s awareness of the importance of health.the changes reflect the development of the city and indicate that people are enjoying more.
9. on space project
给《**周刊》宇航专栏的编辑写一封信，说明你对太空探索项目的态度(支持或反对)，并简单陈述你的理由。 dear editor，
thank you for your starting a special column for the discussion on space projects. frankly, it seems to me that our space projects so far have been in the main a waste of money, time, energy, human lives and resources.
the richer countries are pouring large sums of money into space research programs which are of no benefit to human beings while in underdeveloped countries thousands of people are dying of hunger. besides, many scientists’ time and energy
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are wasted, which could have been devoted to improving our living condition. what’s more, many astronauts have died completely uselessly in space vehicles which have been faulty. they were young people who hadn’t enjoyed the fruit of life yet.
apart from human wastage, there is the wastage of resources which are finite and essential if man is to survive. i think it’s high time we stopped these meaningless programs.
10.turn off your mobile phone
direction: for this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic turn off your mobile phone. you should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:
1.移动电话给我们的生活带来了便利
2.移动电话有时也会影响别人
3.在某些场合请关掉你的手机
turn off your mobile phone
with the development of information technology and reduced price of communication products, the mobi1e phone has become a necessity for most people. obviously, it shortens the distance between people and makes our life more convenient. thanks to it, it’s easy for us to contact or be contacted by others anytime and anywhere. we will never miss any important meetings，great deals or admirable opportunities.
but，have you noticed sometimes the mobile phone also brings eMBA rrassment to us? it’s not rare to see someone pressing the mobile phone to his ear and shouting loudly in public as if there were no one else present. and i’m sure each one has had such an experience that the mobi1e phone ring continuously on a formal occasion. perhaps these people have many lifeanddeath reasons to keep the phone working at all times, but it interrupts people around them who have to hear what they don’t care when they want to concentrate on what they’re doing. so if you are one of them, please shut off your cell phone in public, especially on a quiet and serious occasion. it’s a respect for both others and yourself. 附录2007年12月试题
part i writing (30 minutes)
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic selecting courses. you should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in chinese:
1. 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课
2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课
3. 以你自己为例„„
[范文]
selecting courses
recently, people in growing numbers show their concern about selecting courses. in some colleges, students are permitted to pick out their course’s professors freely. the reasons are listed as follows:
in the first place, students can choose the teacher according to their interests,
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which will be helpful for their future careers. besides, selecting courses can reduce the rate of students’ absence indirectly for students usually choose their favorite teachers.
as far as i am concerned, every coin has two sides. on the one hand, students may learn the course better, because they may choose the professor they liked. on the other hand, if the professor who is very popular and a great number of students would like to attend his/her course, the classroom must be overcrowded. it will have a bad impact on the class. 附录2007年12月四级写作真题及答案
part i writing (30 minutes)
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic selecting courses. you should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in chinese:
1. 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课
2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课
3. 以你自己为例„„
[范文]
selecting courses
recently, people in growing numbers show their concern about selecting courses. in some colleges, students are permitted to pick out their course’s professors freely. the reasons are listed as follows:
in the first place, students can choose the teacher according to their interests, which will be helpful for their future careers. besides, selecting courses can reduce the rate of students’ absence indirectly for students usually choose their favorite teachers.
as far as i am concerned, every coin has two sides. on the one hand, students may learn the course better, because they may choose the professor they liked. on the other hand, if the professor who is very popular and a great number of students would like to attend his/her course, the classroom must be overcrowded. it will have a bad impact on the class.
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英语四级翻译
一、2013年6月(3)
鼠标轻轻一点，购物者几乎就能在网上买到任何东西，从食品百货到汽车，从保险单(insurance policies)到理财产品。电子商务(electronic commerce)的世界使得消费者无需离开舒适的家就能够在数以千计的网店购物，并完成付款。消费者不但期望能从网上买到划算的商品，而且还希望支付过程简单、安全。当然，网络购物者也需要谨慎小心以保证愉快、安全的网购经历。
With just a soft click of the mouse, shoppers can buy nearly any product online, from groceries to cars, from insurance policies to financial products. The world of electronic commerce enables consumers to shop at thousands of online stores and pay for their purchase without leaving the comfortable home. Consumers not only expect to pick up a good bargain on the Web, but also a payment with simple and secure process. Of course, online consumers need to be cautious to make their online shopping experiences enjoyable and safe.二、2012年12月(2)
道教(Daoism)是中国土生土长的教派(religion)，因以“道”为最高信仰而得名。几千年来，道教对中国人的哲学观、世界观，思维方式以及生活方式等诸多方面产生了巨大的影响。道教是中国两千多年来占统治地位的三种宗教哲学之一。道教丰富了中华民族宝贵的文化遗产(inheritance)，为人类文明进步作出了重大贡献。
Daoism is the native religion of China, its name stems from “Dao” being its highest object of faith. For thousands of years, Daoism have great influence over the philosophy, world view, ways of thinking and lifestyle of the Chinese. Daoism is one of the three dominant religions philosophies in China for more than two thousand years. Daoism has the culture inheritance of the Chinese people and made significant contributions to the process of people civilization.“你要茶还是要咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千多年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国。饮茶在6世纪传到日本，但直到
17、18世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一。茶是中国的民族饮品，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
This is what diners often have been asked “Would like tea or coffee?” Many Westerns favor coffee while the Chinese tend to choose tea. Tradition has it that an ancient Chinese emperor discovered the tea five thousand years ago and used it to treat illness. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, teahouse spread all over China. Tea drinking was introduced to Japan in the 6th century while it was not introduced into Europe or America until the 17th and 18th centuries. Nowdays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Tea, it is not only a kind of Chinese national drink, but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.四、2012年12月(1)
在中国，小孩的满月酒(One-Month-Old Feast)和抓周(One-Year-Old Catch)仪式独具特色。小孩出生满一个月那天，孩子的加人一般要招呼亲朋挚友，邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。小孩满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。按照中国的传统，父母及他人不给予任何引导或暗示，任孩子随意挑选，看小孩抓喜欢的东西，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将来从事的职业以及前途。
In China, One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics. On the day when a baby is a month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion. According to traditional Chinese custom, nobody will give any instruction or cue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself. Watching the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make predictions about its potential interest, future and development.农历正月十五是中国传统的元宵节(the Lantern Festival)。正月是农历的第一个月，又称“元月”，古代人称夜为“宵”，所以正月十五又被称为元宵节。赏灯是元宵节的传统习俗，这一习俗是从汉朝开始的，距今已有两千多年的历史。元宵节晚上，到处张灯结彩，热闹非凡。吃汤圆是元宵节的另一个传统习俗。在一年开始的第一个月圆之夜吃元宵，就是希望家人团圆、幸福。
The 15th day of the first lunar month is the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival. It is so called first lunar month is call “Yuan month” and in the ancient time people called night “Xiao”. The custom started from the Han dynasty, and has a history of more than two thousand years. In the night, every place is decorated with lanterns and colorful streamers and there is a bustling atmosphere. It is also a traditional custom for Chinese to eat“Tangyuan”at this time. Eating “Tangyuan” on the first night with a full moon in a year is to wish that family members will remain united and happy.六、2013年6月(2)
“春联(The Spring Couplet)”也被称为“对联(couplet)”,在中国是一种特殊的文学形式。春联由贴在门口两侧两组对立的句子(antithetical sentences)组成。在门上面的横批(horizontal scroll bearing an inscription)通常是一个吉祥的短语。贴在门右侧的句子被称作对联的上联(the first line of the couplet),左侧的为下联。除夕那天，每家都会在门上贴上红纸写的春联，传递出节日喜庆和热闹的气氛。在过去，中国人通常用毛笔自己写春联或者请别人写春联，而现在，人们普遍在市场上买印刷好的春联。
“The Spring Couplet” also called “couplet”, is a special form of literature in China. The spring couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door. Above the gate horizontal scroll bearing an inscription usually an auspicious phrase. The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet, the left one is the second line. On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household well paste on the doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and bustling atmosphere of the Festival. In the past, the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do it for them, while nowdays, it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.七、2013年12月(2)
中国结(the Chinese knot)最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺(handicraft)代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。
The Chinese knot, originally invented by the craftsmen, has become an elegant and colorful art and craft over hundreds of years’ improvement. In ancient times, it used to record events, but nowdays it is mainly functioning as decoration. “Knot” signifies love, marriage and reunion in Chinese. Often used as gift exchange and decoration, Chinese knot is believed to brbing good luck as well as ward off evil spirits. The handicraft have been passed down from one generation to another and now enjoys more and more popularity both at home and abroad.八、2012年6月
中西方饮食习惯(eating habits)存在极大的差异。在不同于西方那种没人一盘食物的饮食习惯，在中国，菜肴是被放在桌上让大家共同分享的。如果你在中国主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌食物的心理准备。中国人对于自己的烹饪文化(culture of cuisine)感到非常自豪，而且会尽全力去展示自己的好客(hospitality)。 而且有时候，中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或者盘子中。这是礼貌的体现。
There are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. Unlike the west, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table full of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness.i
1、 介词+名词
by accident偶然on account of 由于in addition toin the air 流传中 on(the/an) average平均，通常on the basis of 以…为基础
at best 至多for the better 好转，向好的方向发展
on boardon businessout of breath
in any casein case ofin casein no case决不
by chancein charge (of)(a)round the clock 日夜不停的
in commonin conclusionin consequence of
on condition(that) 如果on the contrary 正相反in contrast to/with 与…形成对比 out of controlunder control
at the cost of 以…为代价at all costs 不惜任何代价，无论如何
in the course of 在…过程中/期间of course
in dangerout of danger
out of dateup to date
in demandin debtin difficultiesin the distance
off dutyon dutyon earth 究竟，到底
at all events 无论如何at any event 无论如何，不管怎样in the event of 万一 for example/instancein factin the face of…在…面前
in favor of 赞同，支持in force 生效in front of
on fireon footon (one’s) guard against
in future 今后，从今以后in the future 在将来in general 一般 in half成两半 at hand 在手边，在附近by hand 用手/体力hand in hand 密切关联 in hand (工作等)在进行/控制中on hand 在手边，在近处
on the one hand/ on the other hand 一方面/另一方面in a hurry 冲忙 at heart 内心里，本质上by heart 凭记性at home
in honor of 为纪念，为向…表示敬意on/upon one’s honor 以名誉担保 at intervals 每隔一段时间at (long) last 终于at least 至少
at length 终于，详细地 in (the) light of 鉴于，由于
hand down 把…传下去
2 动词+名词+(介词)
have/gain access to 可以获得take… into account 考虑到
take advantage of 利用pave the way (for) 铺平道路，为…做准备 pay attention to 注意do/try one’s best 尽力
get/have the best of 战胜make the best of 充分利用
get/have the better of 战胜，在…占上风catch one’s breath 屏息
take care 当心take care oftake a chance 冒险，投机
take charge 开始管理keep… company 陪伴
take delight in 以… 为乐make a difference 有影响，起重要作用 bring/put…into effect 使生效，实行come/go into effect 生效
take effect 生效，起作用
catch one’s eye 引起…的注意keep an eye on 密切注意
make a facefind fault withcatch (be on) fire
make friends withbe friends withmake fun of
keep one’s head 保持镇静in the world 究竟，到底
lose one’s head 慌乱 lose heart 失去信心/勇气
get/catch/take hold of 抓住，得到
keep house 管理家务throw/cast light on/upon 使人了解，阐明
bear/keep…in mind 记住have in mind 考虑到，想到
make up one’s mind 下定决心bring/put into operation实施，使生效/运行 come/go into operation 施行，实行，生效
keep pace (with) 与….齐步前进/并驾齐驱
play a part in …在…中其作用/扮演角色
take place 发生,进行，举行take the place of 代替，取代
put…into practice 实施，实行make progress 取得进步
make sense 讲得通，有意义，言之有理
catch sight of 发现，突然看见 (go) on the stage 当演员
take one’s time 不着急keep track of 与…保持联系
lose track of 失去与…的联系，不能跟上…的进展
make use of 利用put…to use 使用
give way 让路，屈服，倒塌make one’s way 前进，行进，去
make way 让路，腾出地方或位置
3. 名词词组的其他形式
appeal to 呼吁，恳求attempt at 企图，努力attitude to/towards 态度，看法
a great/good deal ofinterference in 干涉，介入interference with 妨碍，打扰 introduction to 介绍a lot of /lots offall in love(with sb)
reply to 回答，答复trolley bus 电车I.D card 身份证
credit card 信用证no doubt 无疑next door 隔壁
out of doors 在户外face to face 面对面地(quite) a few
(quite) a littlelittle by little 逐渐地，一点点地no matter 无论
the moment(that)…一…就no more 不再fair play 公平竞赛，公平对待 rest room 厕所，盥洗间primary school 小学
side by side 肩并肩地，一起heart and soul 全心全意
step by step 逐步地ahead of time 提前all the time 一直，始终
once upon a time 从前once in a while 偶尔no wonder 难怪
word for word 逐字地decline with thanks 婉言谢绝
4. 形容词与介词的搭配
absent from 缺席abundant in 富于alien to 与相反
angry with sb./at(about) sth. 生气，愤怒
anxious about/for 忧虑，担心appropriate for/to 适当，合适
applicable to 适用于apt at 善于apt to 易于
approximate to 接近available to sb. for sth.可用，可供
bare of 几乎没有，缺乏bound for 开往capable of 能够
careful of/about/with 小心，注意certain of/about 确信，肯定 characteristic of 特有，独特clear of 没有，不接触
clever at 善于close to 接近，亲近comparable to/with 可比较 conscious of 察觉到，意识到随之而来
considerate towards 体贴，体谅contemporary with 与…同时代 content with 满足于contrary to 违反counter to 与…相反
crazy about 热衷，着迷critical of 挑剔，批评curious about 好奇 distinct from 种类(风格)不同 doubtful of/about 怀疑
east of 在…东面equal to 相等，胜任equivalent to 等于，相当于 essential to/for 必不可少expert at/in/on 善于faithful to 忠于 familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉familiar with sth. 对…熟悉
fatal to 致命的favorable to 支持，赞成favorable for 有帮助的 fearful of 惧怕fit for 适于foreign to 非…所原有
fond of 喜欢free of/from 免于，免费free with 慷慨，大方 guilty of 有…罪的hungry for 渴望ignorant of 不知道，对…无知
impatient at sth 不耐烦impatient of 无法容忍impatient for 急切，渴望 independent of 不受…的支配indifferent to 不关心
indignant with 愤慨inferior to 低于，不如
innocent of 无…罪的intent on 专心于invisible to 不可见的 jealous of 嫉妒keen on 喜欢
liable for 对…有责任的liable to 易于
loyal to 忠于mad at/with 生气，愤怒mad with 因…发狂
next to 下一个，其次necessary to/for 必要的opposite to 在对面 open to 不限制，开放的particular about 挑剔，讲究
parallel to 与…平行，类似peculiar to 独有的，独特的
patient with 有耐心的prior to 在…之前
popular with 受…欢迎/爱戴representative of 代表…的
relative to 与…有关rich in 富于
responsible for 对…负责的sensitive to 对…敏感的sensible of 觉察到 sick of 厌恶，厌倦short of 缺乏skilled at/in 善于
similar to 相似的sufficient for 足够的subject to 受制于，易于 superior to 优于，级别高于suitable for/to 适合于
suspicious of 怀疑sure of/about 确信，对…有信心
typical of 是典型的，特有的tired of 对…厌倦
vital to 对…关系重大uncertain of/about 不确知
mad about/on 狂热迷恋void of 没有，缺乏
1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Close Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)
①One day drought may be a thing of the past at least in coastal cities. ②Vast areas of desert throughout the world may for the first timeand provide millions of hectares of land where now nothing grows.
③By the end of this century this may not be mere2. ④Scientists are already looking into the possibility of using some of the available ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. ⑤In these regions there are vast ice-caps formed by snow that has fallen over the past 50,000 years. ⑥Layerlayer of deep snow means that, when melted, the snow water would be pure, not salty as sea-ice would be. ⑦There is so muchpure water here that it would need only a fraction of it to turn much of the desert or poorly irrigated parts of the world into rich farmland. ⑧And what useful packages it would come in! ⑨It should be possible to cut off a bit of ice and
11They are always transport it! ⑩Alternatively perhaps a passing iceberg could be . ○
breaking away from the main caps and floating around, pushed by currents, until they eventually melt and are wasted.
12Many icebergs are, of course, far too small to be toweddistance, and would melt ○
13It would be necessary to locate one before they reached a country that needed them anywhere. ○
14that wasand that was big enough to provide a good supply of ice when it reached us. ○
Engineers think that an iceberg up to seven miles long and one and a half miles wide could be
15Even then they would cover only transported if the tug pulling it was as big as a supertanker! ○
16 the iceberg was at its destination, more that 7,000 twenty miles every day. ○
17That would probably be more than million cubic metres of water could be taken from it! ○
18But no doubt a use could be enough for any medium-sized city even in the hottest summer! ○
19○20found for it. ○
21This is The larger the iceberg, the slower it melts, even if it is towed through the tropics. ○
because when the sun has a bigger area to warm , less heat actually gets into the iceberg. 22The vast frozen centre would be unaffected. [394 words] ○
1. [A] come to life[B] come into existence
[C] come into activity[D] come round
2. [A] speculation [B] imagination[C] computation[D] expectation
3. [A] above[B] of[C] upon[D] over
4. [A] essential[B] potential[C] claimable[D] obtainable
5. [A] seized[B] snatched[C] grabbed[D] captured
6. [A] much[B] any[C] some[D] certain
7. [A] manageable [B] manipulative [C] operable[D] controllable
8. [A] after[B] while[C] since[D] once
9. [A] Apparently [B] Noticeably[C] Distinctly[D] Notably
10.[A] round[B] over[C] up[D] through
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