历年四级真题翻译
英语四级翻译
一、2013年6月(3)
鼠标轻轻一点，购物者几乎就能在网上买到任何东西，从食品百货到汽车，从保险单(insurance policies)到理财产品。电子商务(electronic commerce)的世界使得消费者无需离开舒适的家就能够在数以千计的网店购物，并完成付款。消费者不但期望能从网上买到划算的商品，而且还希望支付过程简单、安全。当然，网络购物者也需要谨慎小心以保证愉快、安全的网购经历。
With just a soft click of the mouse, shoppers can buy nearly any product online, from groceries to cars, from insurance policies to financial products. The world of electronic commerce enables consumers to shop at thousands of online stores and pay for their purchase without leaving the comfortable home. Consumers not only expect to pick up a good bargain on the Web, but also a payment with simple and secure process. Of course, online consumers need to be cautious to make their online shopping experiences enjoyable and safe.二、2012年12月(2)
道教(Daoism)是中国土生土长的教派(religion)，因以“道”为最高信仰而得名。几千年来，道教对中国人的哲学观、世界观，思维方式以及生活方式等诸多方面产生了巨大的影响。道教是中国两千多年来占统治地位的三种宗教哲学之一。道教丰富了中华民族宝贵的文化遗产(inheritance)，为人类文明进步作出了重大贡献。
Daoism is the native religion of China, its name stems from “Dao” being its highest object of faith. For thousands of years, Daoism have great influence over the philosophy, world view, ways of thinking and lifestyle of the Chinese. Daoism is one of the three dominant religions philosophies in China for more than two thousand years. Daoism has the culture inheritance of the Chinese people and made significant contributions to the process of people civilization.“你要茶还是要咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千多年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国。饮茶在6世纪传到日本，但直到
17、18世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一。茶是中国的民族饮品，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
This is what diners often have been asked “Would like tea or coffee?” Many Westerns favor coffee while the Chinese tend to choose tea. Tradition has it that an ancient Chinese emperor discovered the tea five thousand years ago and used it to treat illness. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, teahouse spread all over China. Tea drinking was introduced to Japan in the 6th century while it was not introduced into Europe or America until the 17th and 18th centuries. Nowdays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Tea, it is not only a kind of Chinese national drink, but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.四、2012年12月(1)
在中国，小孩的满月酒(One-Month-Old Feast)和抓周(One-Year-Old Catch)仪式独具特色。小孩出生满一个月那天，孩子的加人一般要招呼亲朋挚友，邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。小孩满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。按照中国的传统，父母及他人不给予任何引导或暗示，任孩子随意挑选，看小孩抓喜欢的东西，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将来从事的职业以及前途。
In China, One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics. On the day when a baby is a month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion. According to traditional Chinese custom, nobody will give any instruction or cue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself. Watching the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make predictions about its potential interest, future and development.农历正月十五是中国传统的元宵节(the Lantern Festival)。正月是农历的第一个月，又称“元月”，古代人称夜为“宵”，所以正月十五又被称为元宵节。赏灯是元宵节的传统习俗，这一习俗是从汉朝开始的，距今已有两千多年的历史。元宵节晚上，到处张灯结彩，热闹非凡。吃汤圆是元宵节的另一个传统习俗。在一年开始的第一个月圆之夜吃元宵，就是希望家人团圆、幸福。
The 15th day of the first lunar month is the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival. It is so called first lunar month is call “Yuan month” and in the ancient time people called night “Xiao”. The custom started from the Han dynasty, and has a history of more than two thousand years. In the night, every place is decorated with lanterns and colorful streamers and there is a bustling atmosphere. It is also a traditional custom for Chinese to eat“Tangyuan”at this time. Eating “Tangyuan” on the first night with a full moon in a year is to wish that family members will remain united and happy.六、2013年6月(2)
“春联(The Spring Couplet)”也被称为“对联(couplet)”,在中国是一种特殊的文学形式。春联由贴在门口两侧两组对立的句子(antithetical sentences)组成。在门上面的横批(horizontal scroll bearing an inscription)通常是一个吉祥的短语。贴在门右侧的句子被称作对联的上联(the first line of the couplet),左侧的为下联。除夕那天，每家都会在门上贴上红纸写的春联，传递出节日喜庆和热闹的气氛。在过去，中国人通常用毛笔自己写春联或者请别人写春联，而现在，人们普遍在市场上买印刷好的春联。
“The Spring Couplet” also called “couplet”, is a special form of literature in China. The spring couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door. Above the gate horizontal scroll bearing an inscription usually an auspicious phrase. The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet, the left one is the second line. On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household well paste on the doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and bustling atmosphere of the Festival. In the past, the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do it for them, while nowdays, it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.七、2013年12月(2)
中国结(the Chinese knot)最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺(handicraft)代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。
The Chinese knot, originally invented by the craftsmen, has become an elegant and colorful art and craft over hundreds of years’ improvement. In ancient times, it used to record events, but nowdays it is mainly functioning as decoration. “Knot” signifies love, marriage and reunion in Chinese. Often used as gift exchange and decoration, Chinese knot is believed to brbing good luck as well as ward off evil spirits. The handicraft have been passed down from one generation to another and now enjoys more and more popularity both at home and abroad.八、2012年6月
中西方饮食习惯(eating habits)存在极大的差异。在不同于西方那种没人一盘食物的饮食习惯，在中国，菜肴是被放在桌上让大家共同分享的。如果你在中国主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌食物的心理准备。中国人对于自己的烹饪文化(culture of cuisine)感到非常自豪，而且会尽全力去展示自己的好客(hospitality)。 而且有时候，中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或者盘子中。这是礼貌的体现。
There are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. Unlike the west, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table full of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness.i
2011 12
1,Charity groups organized various activities to --raise money for the survivors of the earthquake who survived the earthquake.
2,Linda couldn’t have received my e-mail ; otherwise, she would have replied.
3,It’s my mother who/that always encourages/keeps encouraging me not to lose heart/give up.
4,The publishing house has to take the popularity of this novel into consideration/account.
5,It is absolutely wrong to define one’s happiness only/merely by money.
2011 06
1 The university authorities did not approve the regulation , nor did they make any explanation/nor did they give the reason for doing so.
2 Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she could be assigned to another job
3 .John rescued the drowning child at the risk of his own life,
4 George called his boss from the airport but it was his assistant who answered/picked up the phone (turned out that his assistant answered /picked up the phone.
5 Although he was interested in philosophy , his father persuaded / talked him into majoring tin law.
2010 12
1 In order to ensure him to attend the meeting / To ensure his attendance at the meeting , I called him up in advance.
2 The significant museum is said to have been built about a hundred years ago.
3 There would be no life on earth without its unique environment / but for its unique environment.
4 What impressed the tourists most was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.
5 They requested that books (should) be returned to the library the books I borrowed to the library by next Friday.
2010 06
1 Because of noise outside , Nancy had great difficulty in concentrating on the experiment / focusing her attention on the experiment.
2 The manager never laughed ; neither is said to have been built.
3 We look forward to without its unique environment /but for its unique environment.
4 It is suggested that the air conditioner what impressed the tourists most . 5 The 16-yesrs-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite books I borrowed (should) be returned to the library /I (should) return the books
I borrowed to he library.
2009 12
1 You would not have failed if had followed my instructions /orders.
2 Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never abandoned the pursuit of knowledge /gave up pursuing knowledge.
2013年12月翻译真题
试卷一：中餐
【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。
Many people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is viewed as not only a skill but also a form of art.
The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food
ingredients vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste andnutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance betweencereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy.
试卷二：信息技术
【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。
As Chinese citizens are attaching increasing importance to the rapidly developing Information Technology, somecolleges even set it as a compulsory course. In regard to this, people hold different opinions. Some people view itas unnecessary move, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Other thinks it is a need, becauseChina should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology arouses publicconcern.
试卷三：茶文化
【真题原文】"你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
"Would you like tea or coffee?"Thats a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners wouldchoose coffee,while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese
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emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, teahouses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18thcentury does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world,and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.
试卷四：中国结
【真题原文】中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚,中国结常常作为礼物交换或作为饰品祈求好运和辟邪。这种形式的手工艺代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。
Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen. Through hundreds of years of continuous improvement it has become a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts. In the ancient times，people used it to record things，but now it was mainly used as ornaments. In Chinese, the knot means love, marriage and reunion, and is oftenused for gift exchange or praying for good luck and warding off evil spirits. This form of handicrafts passes downfrom generation to generation, and then it has become increasingly popular in China and around the world.2013年6月翻译真题
2012年6月翻译真题
_(好长时间没有浇水了). 比我的车便宜一千英镑). 不妨听听音乐).(灯亮着，门开着). 已经被翻译成多种语言). 2011年12月翻译真题 为地震幸存者筹款).
不可能收到我的电子邮件);otherwise, she would have replied.
89. It’s my mother 一直在鼓励我不要灰心)when I have difficulties in my studies. 考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度). 仅仅以金钱来定义幸福).
2011年6月翻译真题
87. 也没有解释为什么).
88. 能被分配做另一项工作). 冒着自己的生命危险).
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接电话的却是他的助手). 他的父亲说服他)majoring in law.
2010年6月翻译真题 集中注意力在实验上).
88. The manager never laughed; (她也从来没有发过脾气). 被邀请出席开幕式). 要安装在窗户旁).
她父母的强烈反对).
2010年12月翻译真题为了确保他参加会议), I called him up in advance.据说建成于) about a hundred years ago.没有地球独特的环境).给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.我借的书还回图书馆)
2009年12月翻译真题 按照我的指令去做). 放弃对知识的追求). 我们找到治愈癌症的方法).
90. Production has to be increased considerably to与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步). 你越不大可能得感冒). 2009年6月翻译真题
87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had
很 难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.
就不会被大雨淋湿了).更有可能增加体重).
90. (很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular.与缺乏锻炼密切相关)
2008年12月翻译真题 他们至今还没有答案). 大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.
89.You’以防天气变冷).
决定自己创业).
直到一名医生偶然发现了它).2008年6月翻译真题
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87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research __(能应用于新技术的开发).
88. I can’(一定出了毛病)with its operation system.
89. Leaving one’s job, 不管是什么工作)，is a difficult change even for thosewho look forward to retiring.
与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting. 直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.
2007年12 月翻译真题
87. _ because of a series of new inventions__(多亏了一系列的新发明)，doctors can treat this disease successfully. 我比以前更容易累了). 无论我要做出什么样的牺牲).
90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because
它更加方便和省时).
91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life __ 是用他们能够借到多少来衡量 的), not how much they can earn.
2007年 6月翻译真题
将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).
我们可以合作的领域).
决定退出比赛). 按以下地址和我们联系).
如果你方便的话).
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1999.1真题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic. Don’t Be Afraid to Say“No”. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.别人请求帮助时,在什么情况下我们会说“不”
2.为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”
3.该说“不”时,不说“不”的坏处
[范文]
Don’t Be Afraid to Say “No”
Sometimes we have to say “No” to others when they ask us for help. Why? One situation may be that we are not capable of doing the things they ask us to do. The other situation may be that we are unwilling to do what they ask us to do, because their requests may be unreasonable or even illegal. On both occasions we should say directly to them: “No”.
But the case is not always the same in our daily life. Some people are afraid to say “No” when they should say so. On the one hand, they are afraid of losing their faces. On the other hand they don’t want to hurt others, such as their family members, relatives, friends or colleagues.
To say “Yes” when you should say “No” will eventually do you some harm. If you say “Yes” but fail to help them in the end because of lack of the ability, they may think you are not worthy of trust. If you help them do something bad or illegal, you will be punished for what you have done. So, don’t be afraid to say “No” if necessary. 1999.6真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Reading selectively or extensively? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.有人认为读书要有选择
2.有人认为应当博览群书
3.我的看法
[范文]
Reading Selectively or Extensively?
Reading selectively or extensively? What is your choice? Perhaps each of us has our choice.
Some people think we should read selectively, for there are so many books for us to read. Thousands of new books are published every day. How can we cover all these books in our limited time? Besides, not all the books are worth reading.
Some people, on the contrary, choose to read extensively. They think that reading extensively can broaden their horizons. Through reading extensively they can learn something about their ancestors; through reading extensively they can get insight of great men. Reading extensively can also enable us to adapt to the fast developing society. Because we are living in a knowledgeexploding society, if we don’t read extensively, we can’t get enough information about the modern world, and we can’t keep pace with the society.
In my opinion, we should read both selectively and extensively. By reading extensively, we can enrich our knowledge of aspects. By reading selectively, we can focus on and learn well the academic knowledge we’ll need in our future work.
2000.1真题
Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 上大学的费用可以通过多种途径解决
2. 哪种途径适合我(说明理由)
[范文]
How I Finance My College Education?
Every year, thousands of young men enter universities and colleges. It has been a problem for the students and their families how to finance their college education. In fact, the problem can be dealt with in many ways. The most common way is to get all the money from the parents.If their parents can’t produce the tuition and the fees, students can apply a loan from the bank. There is still another way. Students can finance their education by doing some parttime jobs in their spare time.
As for me, my parents can pay the greater part of the tuition and fees for me. So, I won’t have a heavy financial burden, and I can put all my heart into study. I would like to pay the rest by doing a parttime job. Although my parents are able to pay all the tuition and fees for me, I just want to know more about the society by my own working experience. Therefore, I choose this way to finance my college education.
2001.1真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 面试在求职过程中的作用
2. 取得面试成功的因素 [范文]
How to Succeed in a Job Interview?
Nowadays, students must seek jobs by themselves. Job interview is the first step leading to the success of their employment. It is clear that succeeding in a job interview is very important.
There are some ways to ensure your success in a job interview. First, you should be well prepared for all the information about you, such as your diploma certification, you credit records, certification about your awards, publications, if there is any, and the last but not the least, a carefullydesigned resume, in both Chinese and English.
Second, you must pay much attention to your appearance, including your dress and your behavior. You should dress properly. While talking with the interviewer, you should listen to him attentively, accompanied with proper eye contact and a timely nod of head.
Third, you must be confident about yourself. Your smiling face is the best way to show your confidence and friendliness. You should be also honest, especially when talking about yourself.
2001.6真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the weeklong holiday. You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions (given in Chinese) below:
1.表示欢迎
2.提出度假安排建议
3.提醒应注意的事项
A Letter to A Schoolmate; June 23, 2001; Dear Xiao Wang; Yours, Zhang Ying
[范文]
A Letter to A Schoolmate
June 23, 2001 Dear Xiao Wang,
I am glad to hear that you will come to see me during the week long holiday. It has been three years since we graduated from our university. I miss you very much. I even can’t wait to see you.
I’ve made a plan for this holiday. As this is the first time you come to Beijing, I think we’d better have sightseeing around it. We can visit some famous scenic spots and historical sites, such as Summer Palace, The Forbidden City, The Great Wall, etc. We can do some shopping together. There are many splendid markets and plazas in Beijing. The State Library is also a good place for us to go. By the way, since lots of people will go traveling in this holiday, it must be crowded on the train. So you should take care of your luggage. Bring more clothes with you because Beijing is much colder than Kunming at this time. And don’t forget to tell me when you will arrive. I’ll pick you up at the airport.
Miss you!
Yours,
Zhang Ying
2002.1真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 100 words ,and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr. President,
Li Ming
[范文]
A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus
January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr. President,
I am a student of computer science in our university. I am writing this letter to you to show about the canteen service on campus on behalf of some students of our department.
Firstly, we feel we need more varieties of foods served to the students, which means every student can get the food that he thinks suitable for his taste and his pocketmoney allowance. Secondly, we find it essential to prolong the opening hours of the canteen. A student from a class that ends at 12:00 noon may reach the canteen no sooner than 12:30. However, the fact is that the canteen is closed when he gets there. Thirdly, we are greatly concerned with the dining environment. We feel that student diners are entitled to a better dining environment than what they are having now.
We do hope that the university authority will look into the problems and solve them.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
2002.6真题
Directions: For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below:
1.上图(图略)所示为1990年、1995年、2002年某校大学生事业计算机的情况,请描述其变化
2.请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明)
3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题
[范文]
Student Use of Computers
Students tend to use computers more and more nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it has less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours, and in 2000, the number soared to 20 hours.
Obviously computers are becoming more and more popular. There are several reasons for this. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast developments of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them.
However, there still exist some problems, such as, poor quality, out of date designs and so on. And how to balance the time between using computers and studying is also a serious problem.
Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly. 2002.12真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic：It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1.当前社会上存在着许多不诚实的现象
2.诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实
写作指导：写文章之前，应该先花上一分钟时间好好地审一下题。这是一篇
命题作文，题目是It Pays to Be Honest。其中 “pay to”意为 “有利、值得”。因此文章应围绕“做人诚实非常值得”这一主题展开。在指令中给了中文提纲，所以按照提纲，第一段应介绍当前社会存在着许多不诚实的现象，如商人卖假货欺骗顾客，学生考试作弊欺骗老师等等，同时在这一段应表明自己对这种现象的反感。
第二段提出观点：诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。并用具体的例子来说明这一点，例子可以是正面的，也可以是反面的。如范文中用的就是“狼来了”的反面例子。最后，结尾应强调做人应该诚实，这是人的基本素质。
[范文]
It Pays to Be Honest
From the mass media and also with our own eyes, we know much dishonest behavior existed in our society. For example, businessmen sell fake products to cheat their customers; students copy others’ homework or download illicit papers from Internet to cheat their teachers; and even worse, some people produce fake medicine that harm the patients. Seeing our society is filled with so many dishonest phenomena, I can’t help asking myself what’s wrong with us.
When we were very young we were taught the importance of being honest. I am sure everyone must still remember that story “A wolf is coming”. In the story the child kept cheating other people that a wolf was coming, but when the wolf really come, nobody trusted his words and he finally suffered his own dishonesty. Also we have heard many stories that people benefit from their virtues of honesty.
So since we have already known being honest benefit both ourselves and other people. Why are many of us still dishonest? I hope everyone must bear in mind that being honest is the basic quality of human beings and then we won’t be afraid of any “wolf”. 2003.6真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an eyewitness account of a traffic accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写下一分见证书。见证书必须包括以下几点：
1. 车祸发生的时间及地点
2. 你所见到的车祸情况
3. 你对车祸原因的分析
[范文]
An EyeWitness Account of a Traffic Accident
My name is Liming. I am studying at college. A week ago I saw a traffic accident, which is still vivid in my mind.
It was at about 9:00 on Saturday morning, June 15th, when I went out of the university to visit a friend of mine at another university. I was walking leisurely on the sidewalk when I heard a loud crash of two vehicles just at the Tjunction about 10 metres away. Two taxis crashed together. It was a traffic accident.
I went up and found that the two taxis were badly damaged. Both hoofs were out of shape. One door of a car was knocked off and lying on the road. One driver was bleeding and another was shut in the taxi. Some people were trying to help the driver get out of the damaged car. One man was calling the traffic policeman station. A lot of cars were jammed on the road.
From the stopping track on the road, it is clear that the two taxis were driving too fast. But it is just one of the reasons. In my opinion, the taxi drivers are eager to take more passengers and make a little more money. On the other hand, both drivers don’t show concern for one another. Both of them wanted to run in front of another. Therefore, the accident is inevitable. So far, we should let the drivers keep it in their mind that a little slower, a little safer. Taking care of others’ lives means taking care of your own life.
2003.9真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Classmate Fell ILL (or Got Injured). You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病(或受伤)的情况
2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的
3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是„„
The Day My Classmate Fell Ill
During the SARS period in this spring, the year of 2003, one of my classmates, Liming, was struck down by the virus and was immediately sent to hospital.
The news spread quickly on campus. At first, we were terrified and wandered if we were infected too. However, through our government’s publicity on mass media, we gradually conquered the fear and set out to try our best to help her. Some teachers provided daily necessities while some students recorded the English class contents for him so that Liming could not be left behind. With our care and concern, Liming recovered quickly.
Such an incident teaches us a good moral. Our society is full of love, warm and peaceful, in which people, from man to woman, from individual to individual, lend others a hand. Just like a famous song goes, “the world will turn into heaven only if everyone contributes a little.” And I do believe that it’s my great honor to live in this lovefilled paradise!
2003.12真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friend’s inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1.建议报考的专业及理由
2.报考该专业的基本条件
3.应当如何备考
[范文]
A Letter in Reply to a Friend
December 27th, 2003 Dear,
When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translation, and foreign trade and so on. What’s more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market.
In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, “Practice makes perfect”. In the second place, the basic skills of reading, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since “interest is the best teacher.”
As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, you’d better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university.
Yours
2004.6真题
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words to the following guidelines:
Your role: a tour guide
Your audience: a group of foreign tourists
Your introduction should include:
1. some welcoming words
2. the schedule for the day
3. a description of the place the tourists will be visiting (e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.)
You should make the introduction and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.
[范文]
A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing. To begin with, I would like to introduce myself: I am the tourist guide from China Travel Service and it’s great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day. Just as the old saying goes, “It is always a pleasure to greet a friend from afar”. I wish all of you to enjoy yourselves during this trip.
The following is a schedule of the day. The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China. The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which is one of the bestpreserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than three hundred years ago. In the afternoon, we will go for the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors.
Currently we are on the way to the Great Wall. Dating back to the seven century B.C., the Great Wall is constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states. By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and crafts. From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a magnificent view of continuous, green trees and blooming wild flowers. It is no doubt that one says, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man”.
Above is my introduction to the Great Wall. If any of you have questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.
2005.1真题
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a Campaign Speech. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1.你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作
2.如果当选,你将为本校同学做些什么
[范文]
A Campaign Speech
Today I am very glad to run for the president of the Students Union. I am junior in Chemical Department. Since I came into the university, I have always been the monitor of my class. I have done a very good job for my classmates, and my classmates and my teacher all give me a good praise. I am good at communication and organizing. And I like to help others. Moreover, I have a variety of hobbies, for example,playing basketball, playing football, playing table tennis, etc. I am sure that I am qualified for this position. If I become the president, I will try my best to do well. I will organize some suitable activities for you. I will do many things for you to reach your demands as well. I sincerely hope you will give me a chance, and please believe me that I will be a good president. Thank you.
2014年12月 大学英语四级考试真题 (第一套)
大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中最稀有的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前，世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。
Panda is a kind of docile animal, with unique black and white fur. Because of its scarcity, panda has been listed as the endangered species. Panda has been playing a special role in WWF. Panda has been the logo of WWF since it was founded in 1961. It is the rarest member among the ursidae animals, living mainly in the forests of the China Southwest. Up to now there are about 1000 pandas all over the world .These animals which live on bamboo face many threats. So it is more important to protect them than before.
2014年12月 大学英语四级考试真题 (第二套)
越来越多的中国年轻人正在对旅游产生兴趣，这是今年来的新趋势。年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。随着旅行多了，年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的时间少了，他们反而更为偏远的地方所吸引。有些人甚至选择长途背包旅行。最近调查显示，很多年轻人想要通过旅行体验不同的文化、丰富知识、扩展视野。
Chinese young people in mounting numbers come to be interested in tourism, which is a new trend of this year. Rising number of young tourists, can be attributed to their rapidly increase income and the curiosity to explore the outside world. With the increase of traveling, the young spend less time in big cities and famous attractions; they are more attracted to remote locations. Some people even choose backpacking trip for long-distance. Recent survey indicates that many young people want to travel to experience different culture, enrich knowledge and broaden view.
2014年12月 大学英语四级考试真题 (第三套)
中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。2010年，中国约有4.2亿网民(netizens)，并且人数还在迅速增长。互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化。中国网民往往不同美国网民。美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使，用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、规划旅程或付款。中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，因而更广泛地使用QQ、聊天室等。
China’s Internet community develops fastest all over the world. There were nearly 420 million netizens in China in 2010, and the number is still getting larger and larger. The increasing popularity of the Internet has created a significant social change. The Chinese netizens are different from the American netizens. American netizens are more driven by the real necessity, and they use the Internet to send emails, do some shopping, make a travel plan or make a payment. However, Chinese netizens use the Internet mainly out of the social intercourse , so the chat rooms and QQ are widely used by them .
2014年6月 大学英语四级考试真题 (第一套)
中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%。该比例在所有核国家中居30位，几乎是最低的。
2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。到2012年10月，审批才又谨慎地恢复。
随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降到最低程度。换句话说，核能是可以安全开发和利用的。
China should further develop nuclear energy, because nuclear power currently accounts for only 2% of its total generating capacity. The proportion ranks the 30th among all countries possessing nuclear energy, which is almost the lowest. China’s nuclear power development stopped after the nuclear power station accident in Japan in March, 2011. The approval of new nuclear power plants was suspended, and the nationwide nuclear energy safety inspection started. It wasn’t until October, 2012 was examine and approval restored cautiously. With the improvement of technology and safety measures, the possibility of nuclear accidents can definitely be minimized. In other words, the nuclear energy can be exploited and utilized safely.
2014年6月 大学英语四级考试真题 (第二套)
中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。
Chinese educators have long known that reading is of great importance to a nation. Some of them even proposed to establish the National Reading Day in 2003. They emphasized that people should read good books, especially the classic ones. By reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative, the very basic qualities education intends to foster. Reading is especially important for students in the primary school and middle school; if the interest of reading is not fostered at that critical period, it will be quite difficult to cultivate the habit of reading later.
2014年6月 大学英语四级考试真题 (第三套)
为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education)。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以和沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。
In order to promote education equity, China has invested 36 billion yuan to improve the education facilities in rural areas and strengthen rural compulsory education in the central and western regions. The funds is used to better the school’s teaching facilities and purchase books, from which more than 160,000 middle and primary schools have gained benefits. The money is also spent on acquiring musical and painting instruments. Nowadays, children in rural and mountainous areas can have access to music and painting lessons just like children in coastal cities. Some students who had once transferred to urban schools for better education now return to the local rural schools.
2013年12月 大学英语四级考试真题 (第一套)
许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差异很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养 (nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。
Many people are fond of Chinese cuisine. In China, cooking is regarded not only as a craftsmanship, but also as an art. A well-prepared Chinese cuisine is both tasty and good-looking. Cooking skills and dish ingredients vary a lot in different regions of China. However, good Chinese cuisine always shares something in common, that is, the color, aroma, taste, and nutrition. As food is vital to one’s health, a good chef if always trying to strike a balance among grains, meat and vegetables. That’s why Chinese cuisine is tasty and healthy.
2013年12月 大学英语四级考试真题 (第二套)
中国结(the Chinese knot)最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情、婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺(handicraft)代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。
The Chinese knot, originally invented by the craftsmen, has become an elegant and colorful art and craft over hundreds of years’ continuous improvement. In ancient times, it was used to record events, but nowadays it is mainly functioning as decoration. “knot” signifies love, marriage and reunion in Chinese. Often used as gifts exchange or decoration, Chinese knot is believed to bring good luck as well as ward off evil spirits. The handicraft has been passed down from one generation to another and now enjoys more and more popularity both at home and abroad.
2013年12月 大学英语四级考试真题 (第三套)
“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千多年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国。饮茶在6世纪传到了日本，但直到
17、18世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料 (beverage)之一。茶是中国的民族饮品，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
This is what diners are often asked, “Would you like tea or coffee?” Many Westerners favor coffee while the Chinese tend to choose tea. Tradition has it that an ancient Chinese emperor discovered the tea five thousand years ago and used it to treat illnesses. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, teahouses spread all over the country. Tea drinking was introduced to Japan in the 16th century while it had not been introduced into Europe and America until the 17th and 18th centuries. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. It is not only a kind of Chinese national drink, but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.
2013年6月 大学英语四级考试真题 (第一套)
春节贴年画(pasting New Year paintings)的风俗源自于往房子外面的门上贴门神 (Door Gods)的传统。随着木质雕刻评(board carvings)的出现，年画包含了更广泛的主题，最出名的就是门神和三大神——福神、薪神和寿神 (Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity)，寓意着庄家丰收、家畜兴旺和庆祝春节。年画的四大产地分别是苏州桃花坞、天津杨柳青、河北武强和山东潍坊。现在中国农村依然保持着年画的传统，而在城市里很少有人贴年画。
The custom of pasting New Year paintings in the Spring Festival originated from the tradition of pasting Door Gods on the external doors of the houses. With the creation of board carvings, New Year paintings cover a wider range of subjects. The most famous ones are Door Gods and Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity, signifying the abundant harvest of crops, the prosperity of domestic animals and the celebration of the Spring Festival. Four producing areas of New Year paintings are Taohuawu of Suzhou, Yangliuqing of Tianjin, Wuqiang of Hebei and Weifang of Shangdong. Now the tradition of pasting New Year paintings is still kept in rural China, while it is seldom followed in cities.
2013年6月 大学英语四级考试真题 (第二套)
“春联 (The Spring Couplet)”也被称为“对联 (couplet)”，在中国是一种特殊的文学形式。春联是由贴在门口两侧两组对立的句子 (antithetical sentences) 组成的。在门上面的横批 (horizontal scroll bearing an inscription) 通常是一个吉祥的短语。贴在门右侧的句子被称作对联的上联 (the first line of the couplet)，左侧的为下联。除夕那天，每家都会在门上贴上红纸写的春联，传递出节日喜庆和热闹的 (hilarious) 气氛。在过去，中国人通常用毛笔自己写春联或者请别人写春联，而现在，人们普遍在市场上买印刷好的春联。
“The Spring Couplet”, also called “couplet”, is a special form of literature in China. The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door. Above the gate is a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, usually an auspicious phrase. The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the fist line of the Couplet, and the left one is the second line. On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household will paste on doors a Spring Couplet written on red paper to give a happy and hilarious atmosphere of the Festival. In the past, the Chinese usually wrote their own Spring Couplet with a brush or asked others to do it for them, while nowadays, it is common for people to buy the printed Spring Couplet in the market.
2013年6月 大学英语四级考试真题 (第三套)
仅仅鼠标一点，购物者就几乎能在网上买到任何东西，从食品杂货到汽车，从保险单 (insurance policies) 到房贷。电子商务 (electronic commerce) 的世界使得消费者无需离开舒适的家就能够在数以千计的网店购物，并且完成付款。消费者期望商家 (merchants) 不仅仅能够在网上销售产品，而且能够让支付过程变的简单、安全。当然，网络购物者也需要谨慎小心以保证愉快、安全的网购经历。
With just a click of the mouse, shoppers can buy nearly any product online, from groceries to cars, from insurance policies to home loans. The world of electronic commerce enables consumers to shop at thousands of online stores and pay for their purchases without leaving the comfortable home. Consumers expect merchants not only to make their products available on the Web, but also to make payments a simple and secure process. Of course, online shoppers need to be cautious to make their online shopping experiences enjoyable and safe.
2012年12月 大学英语四级考试真题
在中国，小孩儿的满月酒 (One-Month-Old Feast) 和抓周 (One-Year-Old Catch) 仪式独具特色。小孩儿出生满一个月的那天，孩子的家人一般要邀请亲朋挚友一起来庆祝孩子满月。小孩儿满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。按照中国的传统，父母及他们不给予任何的引导或暗示，任孩子随意挑选，看他先抓什么，后抓什么，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将来从事的职业以及前途。
In China, One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics. One the day when a baby is a month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion. On the day when a baby is one year old, there is a ceremony of One-Year-Old Catch. According to Chinese traditional custom, nobody will give any instruction or cue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself. Watching the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make prediction about its potential interest, future career and development.
2012年12月大学英语四级考试写作部分和往年有很多不同之处。这不仅让参与这次考试的考生感到头痛不已，也让正在备考的同学们万分困扰，抓不住复习的方向。
翻译部分是考生比较容易得分的部分，但这部分的平均得分率并不高。究竟是为什么呢? 四级考试写作部分和翻译部分最新真题。
四 级 写 作
Directions: You’re allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I’ve done it hundreds of time.” You’d write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Outline 1.坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。
2.意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命。 3.学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才。
本次大学英语四级考试写作题目有别于前几年传统的提纲式议论文，增添了几分新意，话题也较抽象，不易下手。这也让习惯了传统四级写作模式的同学们顿时手足无措。
面对出其不意的四级写作题目，我们应该怎么办呢?单纯背诵模板已经不再是复习四级写作的最佳途径了，我们应该重点培养和提升应对考试的写作能力和技巧，真正做到以不变应万变。
一、审题阶段 1.英文提示
1) 以往的英文部分一般只是交代写作的题目。而这次的英文部分却是对写作内容提出了具体的要求：Comment on the humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I’ve done it hundreds of time.” 如果考生还是像以前那样只看中文提纲，就会忽略掉这个重要的信息。
2) 虽然试题要求考生能够结合戒烟屡次而不成功的幽默引语来阐释话题。但这次考试的题目是Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will，article的核心主旨应该在关键词strong will上。然而很多考生在审题时没有能抓住主题，把重心放到了戒烟上，导致了全文偏离主题，这样分数自然不会理想。
3) 这次的英文部分对article长度给出了更明确的要求。以往的词数要求一般是“不少于120词”，而这次要求“不少于120词，不多于180词”。 2.中文提纲
1)常见的四级写作提纲有三种形式：现象描述型，问题解决型，观点对比型。
乍看起来，这次考试的提纲似乎并不符合任何一种。这也让不少考生头疼。不过，对比之后可以发现，虽然这次的话题是“成功”，比较抽象，不是具体现象，但这个提纲和现象描述型提纲最为接近。所以考生可以根据现象描述型article的思路来展开。 2)总的来说，这道试题其实是需要考生分析“坚强意志”和成功的关系，应把重心放到对“坚强意志”重要性的论述上。
二、谋篇布局
四级写作常见的结构是三段式： 第一段：总述现象，引出话题。
第二段：重点分析阐释“坚强意志的重要性”，可以通过举实例(如名人轶事或身边同学的例子，也可以利用戒烟失败作为反例) 第三段：推出结论，并再次重申坚强意志的重要性，达到首尾呼应的效果。
三、衔接过渡
四级写作非常注重段落与段落之间的过渡，以及段落内的层次，因此过渡词的应用非常重要。
常用的过渡表达有：
举例关系：a case in point is...， a good example of that would be...，for instance 结果关系：accordingly，thus，consequently，hence，therefore，for this reason 归纳总结：in conclusion，on the whole，in sum，in short，to sum up，in summary，in a nutshell
范文
No great work can be performed without willpower. We envy famous men and imagine that fame was due to some trick of luck. But when we know their histories, we find that it is long years of hard work and constant effort that have brought about their success. Just as we can’t reach the top of a mountain without climbing, we can’t achieve success without determination. Modern society provides people with more opportunities than before, and there are stories about people who enjoy overnight successes. But it is not the case. Before these people become successful, a lot of hard work has been done, mostly unnoticed. What we see is the result, but what we ignore is a long process of struggling forward and wrestling with internal or external obstacles. Take quitting smoking for example. Most people find it difficult, so people give up on quitting because they don’t have a strong will. In a nutshell, a strong will is an important quality of the successful individual. There is no instant success in this world. Willpower is what you need to make your life distinctive and your dreams come true.
四 级 翻 译
四级翻译是很多考生在备考阶段最容易忽视的一个部分。很多同学误以为翻译考查的语法知识点会很难，分值又不高。
其实，这一部分是最容易在短期内提高的部分，只要考生在复习时明确考查重点和方向，并能掌握一些相应的做题技巧，通常可以得到理想的分数。
四级翻译考查的重点是基本的语法结构和一些常用的英语表达习惯。简而言之，在历年四级翻译的考试中，有三大常考的考点: 1.固定搭配
2.重点语法结构
包括虚拟语气，倒装结构，非谓语动词和三大从句
3.核心动词和动词短语
在明确了翻译的考查重点之后，我们应该要知道翻译解题的步骤，这样可以有效地提高我们的解题速度和正确率。
翻译的解题一般分三步走: 第一，快速浏览英文，判断划线句子的形式和时态;
第二，看括号里的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词作为切入点，找准主谓宾，分清定状补; 第三，先翻译主谓宾，后定状补，切块翻译，重组。 我们一起来分析一下11年12月份的四级考试翻译真题：
87. Charity groups organized various activities to ____________ (为地震幸存者筹款). 88. Linda _______________ (不可能收到我的电子邮件), otherwise, she could have replied. 89. It’s my mother ____________ (一直鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my study. 90. The publishing house has to _________________(考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度). 91. It’s wrong to _____________ (仅仅以金钱来定义幸福).
考点分析
87题：考查动词raise的用法，raise money/funds 表示“筹款”。
88题：考点是虚拟语气。而且是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，“could have+过去分词”是此题使用的结构。这个结构非常经典，基本每两次考试就可能考到一次。
89题：考查了it’s...that/who...强调句型和动词encourage的搭配。
90题：考查了“考虑”的表达，四级核心高频词汇consider，可以用词组take...into account/ consideration。
91题：考查了“定义”的表达，为define/measure。“以……来定义”也可以使用in terms of 这个四六级高频核心介词短语，简洁的表达可选择by。
参考答案
87. raise money for the survivors of the earthquake 88. couldn’t have received my e-mail 89. who keeps encouraging me not to lose heart 90. take the popularity of this novel into consideration 91. define happiness only by money
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