麻醉药处方中常见的错误及改正
【摘 要】本文归纳了我院住院部麻醉处方书写中常见的错误，目的是为了可以更好地规范麻醉处方管理，提高麻醉处方的质量，保障医疗的安全。
【关键词】麻醉药品；处方书写错误
1 麻醉药处方
处方是由注册的执业医师或职业助理医师在诊疗活动中为患者开具的、由
取得药学专业技术职务任职资格的药学专业技术人员审核、调配、核对，并作为患者用药凭证的医疗文书[1]。也是医师根据病人病情，开给药房要求配片发药的书面通知，正确而科学的处方对医师、药剂人员及病人具有同样重要的意义，特别是麻醉药品处方具有法律、技术和经济上的责任，其书写的正确与否关系到医疗质量及医疗安全，也是反映工作态度和工作作风的重要依据。麻醉药品由于其具有特殊性，是医院处方规范化管理的重点。麻醉药处方的书写除要符合一般处方的书写规则外，还要对剂量、用法、开方人的资格等都有特殊的要求。因此，必须要加大力度规范麻醉药处方的书写，确保医疗安全[2]。
2 麻醉处方书写中常见错误
2.1 处方前记部分填写不完整或填写有误。主要有漏填日期、年龄、性别、科室、以及住院号等。患者年龄不详。《处方管理办法》规定患者的年龄应当填写实足年龄，新生儿、婴幼儿写日、月龄，必要时并注明体重。
2.2 处方正文部分药品名称、药品规格、数量、剂量的表达不规范。《处方管理办法》规定剂量和数量要用阿拉伯数字书写。在书写药品规格时有些医师在小数点后可能会拖尾，导致1.0mg会配发成10mg。
2.3 错别字多。手写麻醉要处方时常出现错别字，如“哌”写成“派”，如果医师不大意不疏忽便不会出现这种情况。药品名称要按药典规定标准书写
2.4 處方更改后未在更改处签名。有些情况医师需更改处方，对具有特殊性的麻醉药处方，一定要严格认真书写。只要修改，就必须在修改处签名并注明修改日期。
2.5 签名有误。开方医师没有处方权的不得开处方，也不允许存在模仿签名。为了确保处方的合法性，医师经考核后取得了麻醉药品处方权，并且必须在药学部门签名留样后方可卡具处方。
2.6 书写处方用不同种颜色笔书写。《处方管理办法》规定只得只用黑色中性笔或者蓝黑色钢笔书写。
2.7 诊断不得写待查。临床诊断是《处方管理办法》规定的处方新增加内容，是药师审核处方的重要依据。为了保障患者用药安全、有效，开具处方医师以及药师应当重视临床诊断。
2.8 缺少结束符号。处方开具后的空白处必须划一斜线以表示处方完毕。
2.9 使用人单位或家庭住址没写，或者不详细。
2.10 多余药量未注明去向。例如，某病人处方上开100mg杜冷丁，而实际只用75mg，余下25mg是丢弃还是留作他用？这种情况应在处方上注明，如余下销毁等（并有双人签名的原始记录备查）[3]。
3 预防办法
3.1 定期对药剂人员以及开具麻醉药处方的医师进行培训考核，保证各人员对麻醉药品管理条例和处方管理办法都非常熟悉，使其掌握相关知识，不断提高专业技术水平。
3.2 日常调剂工作中，发现有书写不规范的问题处方应及时收集整理记录，把经常出现的书写问题上报，传达至各科室或者及时通知医师，引起医师的重视，避免再次出现同样的错误。
3.3 调剂药师在审核处方时要认真仔细有耐心的审核审查，拿到一张处方时若发现问题，逐一反馈给医师，便于一次修改，也不耽误病人的用药时间。
3.4 住院药房的取药护士也应该了解麻醉药处方管理以及书写规范，若处方书写有问题，护士能及时发现并提示医师，或者护士在取药时，调剂药师发现处方错误，让其告知医师怎样修改处方，这样护士起到了部分的作用，避免出现浪费时间或者不必要的误会。
4 总结
药房调剂药师很重要，尤其管理麻药的药师，其仔细耐心审核处方到发药过程中难免会发现错误，但为了更好的管理麻醉处方，保证患者的用药安全，保障医疗安全，我们应该进一步加强管理麻醉药以及处方的书写，提高麻醉处方的书写质量，使处方质量管理更加的规范、更加的科学、更加的严谨。
参考文献
[1] 中华人民共和国卫生部.《处方管理办法》[2007]53号.
[2] 吴佩芝，张琳虹.麻醉处方常见错误及改进措施[B].医学论文网，2010，02-0154-01.
[3] 丁玉兰.药学与临床研究.1998，02.
作者：张宏
【附错误归类及修改建议】
1. We college students had enough time to take a part-time job, no matter how busy we were.
2. There are so many countries using English that it had been regarded as an international language.
3. The eating habit of Chinese people have changed in the past decade.
4. Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere when it is in season.
5. I can solve our problem of tuition and fees by taking some part-time jobs.
6. Without television, people can’t get information that comes from other parts of the world immediately.
7. At the age of six, my father began to give me English lessons.
8. To improve one’s writing skill, regular practice is necessary.
9. With the computer, one can do shopping, banking and read at home.
10. Nowadays, people not only eat enough food, but also eat better.
11. Participating in sports is good for our physical health, and through it we can also train our character.
12. Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden the have to bear.
13. Someone believes that the teacher’s task is to students knowledge, which may not be true.
14. People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but it often proves useless.
15. While we reduce the number of vehicles, the speed of traffic can be increased.
16. Each of us may take a part-time job to help support ourselves, but if you spend too much time on it, your study will be affected.
17. TV presents us with many useful informations.
18. Making our cities greener is not an easy work.
19. Each people has his own opportunities.
20. Book knowledge is important, but we should learn something in the society.
21. When I was in the high school, I always have a beautiful picture of the college life.
22. If there were no electric power, we would have to do everything by the hands.
23. If there were no electric power, factory would stop producing goods, car, bus and train would stop running.
24. TV now plays and important role in our daily life, Because we think it extremely important.
25. There are many ways to contact with society. For example, join in clubs, take part-time jobs and help the poor.
26. If no electricity, all activities such as watching TV and seeing movies will be impossible.
27. Because some college students could not find a better job, so they decided to continue to read for second degree.
28. Although an opportunity is rare, but we must be ready to seize it.
29. We students should learn / study as much knowledge as possible.
30. With a rise in he number of cars and buses, traffic in Shanghai has become more and more crowded.
31. People begin to eat more vice food.
32. Actually, traffic jams have effected our daily life.
33. In my opinion, I believe the present educational system is in need of reform.
34. The reason why people choose to live in the country is because there is no pollution nor noise there.
35. After four years, we all graduated from college and entered society.
36. Many college students have a strong desire to be independent on their parents.
37. The computer like TV, it has both advantages and disadvantages.
38. Obviously, our country would stop develop if no electricity.
39. Riding bicycles conveniences my work.
40. Unlike movies, TV shows on continuously, and doesn’t need to pay an extra money.
41. Too easy or to difficult is no good for us.
42. College students doing part-time jobs is god to his family, himself, and the whole society.
43. The canteen should setup several televisions.
44. Reading books can acquire knowledge.
45. People think go to the movie will cost a lot of money.
46. There are many people take part in sports and games now.
47. There are many people complain the paper-making mill pollute our fresh water can by people use.
48. Although difficulty is exist, but we can overcome it.
49. We should put our heart into the study.
50. We young people are now living in sugar water.
51. In a society where men are heavy and women are light, women cannot enjoy full equality.
52. People set off firecrackers to congratulate the red and white happy things.
53. We should advocate five talks and four beauties.
54. Those are my humble opinions.【错误归类及修改建议】
(一) 主干性错误
时态：1，2
1. We college students we are.
2. There are so many countries using English that itbeen regarded as an
international language.
语态：15
15. While theof traffic should be
increased.
句子成分：25，26，38，39，41，42，43，44，45，46，47，48
25. There are many ways to contact with society. For example, join in clubs,
take part-time jobs, or help the poor.
26. Ifno electricity, all activities,
be impossible.
38. Obviously, our country would stop 39. It is convenient for me to go working by bicycles.
41.no good for us.
42. Collegedoing part-time jobs is good to himself, his family and the whole
society.
43. Several televisions should be setup in the canteen.
44. 45. People think going to movies will cost a lot of money.
46. There are many peoplepart in sports and games now.
47. There are many people complain the paper-making mill our fresh
water 48. Although difficulties exist, we can overcome them.
主干搭配：30，34，40，
30. With a rise in the number of cars and buses, in Shanghai 34. The reason why people choose to live in the country is that there is neither
pollution nor noise there.
40. Unlike movies, TV shows on continuously, and the viewers don’t need to pay an
extra money.
(二) 细节性错误
代词(指代明确)：12，13，14，
12. Sometimes (如此一来，句中的they就明确的指向了students)
13. Someone believes that a teacher’s task is to give students knowledge,
which may not be true. (如此一来，which明确的指向前文的整句含义)
14. People have been fighting against the influence the influence of TV commercials,
butoften proves useless. (it指代不明确，换成the effort便可以明确的指代前文中所言的斗争)
名词(泛指，特指)：20，21，22，23
20. It is important for us to acquire knowledge from books, but we should also learn
something from (不需要the)
21. When I was in a high school, I always had a beautiful picture of college life.
22. If there were no electric power, we would have to do everything 23. If there were no electric power,would stop producing goods, buses and trains would stop running.
用词(准确性)：17，18，19，29，31，32，33，35，36，37，
17. TV presents us withuseful (分清可数名词和不可数名词)
18. Making our city greener is not an easy (分清抽象名词和具体名词)
19. Each (分清个体和集体概念)
29.
31.
32.
33. We students shouldas much knowledge as possible. People begin to have more non-staple food. Actually, traffic jams have (注意区分形似词) In my opinion, the present educational system is in need of reform. (不必重复)
35. Four years , we all graduated from college and entered society.
36. Many college students have a strong desire totheir children.
37. Like TV, a computer has both advantages and disadvantages.
修饰成分：6，7，8，
6. Without a television, people cannot immediately get information that comes from
other parts of the world.
7. At my age of six, I was taught English by my father.
8. To improve one’s writing skill, he needs regular practice.
(三) 逻辑性错误
逻辑缺失：23，
23. If there were no electric power,would stop producing goods,would stop running.
逻辑冗余：27，28，48
27. Because some college students cannot find satisfactory jobs, they decide to
continue their schooling for second degree.
28. Although opportunities are rare, we must be ready to seize them.
48. Although difficulties exist, we can overcome them.
逻辑不成立：24
24. TV now plays an important role in our daily life, insight into the alien world without it.
(四) 一致性错误
主谓一致：2，3
2. There are so many countries using English that itbeen regarded as an
international language.
3. The diet of Chinese peoplechanged in the past decade.
句中指代一致：4，5，16
4. Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere whenin season.
5. I can solveproblem of tuition and fees by taking 16. Each of us may take a part-time job to help support himself, but if he spends too
much time on it,
平行结构前后一致：9，10，11，15，20
9. With a computer, one can do shopping, banking and
10. Nowadays, people have .
11. Participating in sports is good for p.
15. While the number of vehicles is reduced, the efficiency of traffic should be
increased.
20. It is important for us to acquire knowledge from books, but we should also learn
something from .(整句前后要平行)
(五) 荒谬、无聊、不可思议的错误
49，50，51，52，53，54
49. We .
50. We young people are now leading a sweet life.
51. In a society equality.
52. Firecrackers are often set off
53. We should advocate 54. Those are my opinion.
同学们在英语学习中或多或少都会存在错误，尤其是在英语作文写作中，语法错误可谓层出不穷，现在对同学们英语写作中常见的语法错误进行了分类总结。 1. 主谓关系中人称和数量不一致性
汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数的影响，但英语的谓语动词要和主语保持一致，谓语动词要随着主语而变化。而同学们主要用汉语思维，往往没有习惯去考虑主语是第几人称，是单数还是复数。例如：
a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language. b. He go to school by bike every day.
分析：
a句中a number of +复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式。b中 He是第三人称单数，在一般现在时态中谓语动词go应该加es。 2.时态
高中生在写作中经常在时态方面犯错误。英语时态种类繁多，动词的构成形式随着时态的变化而变化。中文里没有时态区分。动作或动词的时间由跟在动词后的诸如 “着”、“了”、“过”等副词来表示，对高中生来说，掌握英语的时态不是很容易。实际上，学习者在头脑里很清楚语法规则，但经常混淆或忘记改变动词的词形。例如： a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born. b. I spend 50 yuan buying the clothes. c. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.
正确的句子：
a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born. b. I spent 50 yuan buying the clothes. c. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.
分析：
第一句是一个常识问题，应该用一般现在时态。第二句“我买这件衣服花了50元”应该是过去时态。第三句主句是一般将来时，条件状语从句是一般现在时态。 3.语态错误
动词的被动式在英语中比比皆是，学生由于汉语思维的影响，很少考虑到用被动语态。虽然中文里也有被动式的含义，但与英语里被动式表达方式完全不同。英语里的被动式要求有助动词be和过去分词形式，其中这个助动词带有时态和人称数量信息，中文里需要使用如“被”、“使”、“让”等词语，不需要有不规则的动词形式。这对中国的学习者来说就有潜在的困难。例如：
a. New bicycles must keep inside. b. The book has to return at the end of the week. c. The food has cooked. d. Knife should take away from babies. 正确的句子：
a. New bicycles must be kept inside. b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week. c. The food has been cooked. d. Knives should be taken away from babies.
很明显，这些句法结构己经被确认为未能正确使用英语中的被动式。学生还会犯一些其它方面的错误，其中之一是，常常把英语里没有被动语态的词(组)，如 take place, occur, happen, belong to，appear, break out, rise, die等用作被动语态。 4.固定搭配
错误有介词短语的搭配，固定词组的搭配，更多的是特殊动词的搭配和用法出现错误最多。很多学习者在记单词的时候，不记搭配和真正用法，错误如下： a. He suggested to go there on his bike. b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully. c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.
正确的句子：
a. He suggested going there on his bike. b. My teacher explained to me the text very carefully. c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.
据以上的分析，中国学习者的英语应用很大程度上受到其母语的影响，直接翻译，没有记住这些动词的特殊用法。
5.非谓语动词
错误由于学生对非谓语动词的概念不清楚，对不定式、分词、动名词的用法不明白，对句子结构分析不正确，常把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词。
学生不知道在英语句子中谓语动词只能有一个，如果有另外一个动词出现，这个动词有三种情况：一是并列谓语，但是这时候必须有连词，如and, but等;二是出现在从句里面;三就是以分词形式出现，现在分词和过去分词，还有不定式。现在分词有主动语态和进行时的含义，而过去区分词有被动语态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的意义。例如： a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at. b. I am looking forward to see you.
正确的句子：
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at. b. I am looking forward to seeing you.
分析：
a句中己有谓语动词there are，用来修饰things，此句缺的是后置定语。b句look forward to是一个固定短语，后面要接动名词。 6.冠词错误
学生在翻译时常会忘了考虑冠词，或者说不重视冠词这个问题，常有多用或少用或错用的弊病。
冠词考查分两个方面，一是冠词的残缺或多余，考生要注意关于含有冠词(不含冠词)的用法以及加冠词与不加冠词的区别，如：in charge of与in the charge of, out of question与out of the question的区别。二是冠词the, a, an(不定冠词和定冠词)之间的相互误用。
英汉名词确有许多共同点，但是也有不少不同点。英语名词有可数与不可数之分，汉语里没有，且一般情况下，名词都可受到数量词的限制。因此，英语写作中，一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather， information等少数常用不可数名词时，学生往往会犯错误。
不过，在使用英语不可数名词时，又会出现两种情况，一种是绝不可以用a/an或数词来直接修饰，如上述提及的几个名词：另一种情况是，少数不可数名词在被形容词等修饰后，可用a/an等来修饰。如time(时间)，rain(雨)。所以我们可以说：We had a wonderful time yesterday. 例如：
a. The air is the most important thing for our existence. b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident. c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
正确的句子：
a. Air is the most important thing for our existence. b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident. c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish. 7.代词的错误
代词主要有人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、反身代词、疑问代词、复合疑问代词、指示代词，要注意代词的各人称之间和单复数之间的误用，关系代词 which, that, as之间的误用，关系代词that与疑问代词what之间的误用，关系代词which与关系副词when, where，以及what与how的误用等。例如： a. We do not like he. b. If you like this books, you can take them away. c. His book is different from me. d. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.
正确的句子：
a. We do not like him. b. If you like these books, you can take them away. c. His book is different from mine. d. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
汉语里，人称代词没有主格、宾格和所有格之变，而英语中的人称代词有主格、宾格和所有格之变，而且每格都具有其自身的用途，分别充当主语、宾语和定语等。尤其要注意的是，人称代词充当介词宾语时，也要采用其宾格形式。 8.连词的错误
连词主要有两类，即并列连词和从属连词，考查点主要是并列连词(分递进式、转折式、选择式和因果式四种)之间的误用(主要是but与so/and之间的误用)，从属连词之间的误用以及并列连词与从属连词之间的误用等。例如： a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in. b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill. c. If you go this way, and you will soon see the hospital.
正确的句子：
a. He had little to eat but a large house to live in. b. He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill. c.1f you go this way，you will soon see the hospital. 9.名词的错误
名词主要考查单数名词变复数名词，这主要是受东西方文化差异的影响，英语中除了不可数名词和单数名词用单数外，可数名词要用复数形式。另外还有一些特殊形式。例如： a. What a beautiful weather we are having today! b. Please give my best regard to your parents. c. I have got good marks in all my subject.
正确的句子：
a. What beautiful weather we are having today! b. Please give my best regards to your parents. c. I have got good marks in all my subjects. 10.情态动词和助动词的错误
这类错误有以下几种情况：① 情态动词后的动词使用过去时态;② 情态动词后的动词加“s”③ 情态动词后的动词加“ing”④”will”后面的“be”动词用“am、“is”或“are ”;⑤助动词“do”后面的动词用动词过去时态;⑥。助动词“do”后面的动词第三人称单数加“s";⑦ 助动词“do”后面的动词加“ing”等。例如： a. I could did my homework. b. He may goes to school by bike every day.
正确的句子：
a. I could do my homework. b. He may go to school by bike every day.
语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程中，语法错误，尤其是较为严重的错误，是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”，有时甚至是惟一的点;当然那样处理是有道理的，大家可以设想一下，一篇语法上漏洞百出、严重影响表达的作文又会有什么样的好内容呢?如果因为语言上的错误而导致失分，那将得不偿失。因此，认清各种各样的语法错误，尽可能地避免少犯，对于提高作文分是有极大的帮助的。
1) We always working till late at night before taking exams. (误)
2) We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
1) This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)2) The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)
1) Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)2) My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
1) I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
2) We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
3) I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)1) It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
2) Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)
3) The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)
孩子小升初作文成绩不高的原因总结
作文在考试中占的分值越来越大，但小编发现很多孩子的作文有待提高，近期我们采访了郑州捷登教育的宋老师，他向我们指出在小升初考试作文中，学生们主要存在以下八个问题，导致分数不高：
一、写作文时思路打不开，容易大众化，千人一面
比如某名校的作文题《我爱我家》，大部分同学不能广泛的理解家，大部分同学写的是我生病了，父母送我去医院，我很感动。大家都知道，考场作文比较性强，同样的题目，同样的题材，税额文章能脱颖而出，往往取决于选材，构思与创新，要么你就“唱反调”，用新观点、从新角度去写大家常写的内容。
二、不能快速而准确的审题
现在的作文题和以往的作文题相比发生了很大变化，原来的小学作文题经常出现童年、老师、我的爸爸、我的妈妈之类，这样的作文给定了题目，学生的发挥性就不大，只要按照试卷给出的题目来确定思路来写就可以了。但近几年作文题趋向“开放性命题”，主要指的是“半命题”和“自命题”的形式。这使得很多学生不知如何下手。
三、不注意小节
大家都知道作文考试有一个最基本的要求，就是要求书写字迹工整、卷面整洁，正确使用书写格式及标点符号。正是这小小的细节是入选一类文、二类文最起码的要求。而每年的小考或中考作文中能达到这个标准的作文大概在五分之一左右。
四、所用时间太长
现在很多学校不对学生进行当堂限时作文训练，而是让学生把作文拿回家去写，这样很容易使学生养成两个不好的习惯，第一是学生为了省时省事，找遍文章一抄了事;第二
是学生缺乏写作文的氛围，写写停停，养成了不专心和拖拉的毛病，一篇文章往往可以写上一个半甚至两个小时。而不好的学习习惯比不会写作文更可怕。
五、离题
为了使孩子写作文不离题，就要教孩子在开头和结尾点题。现在不要教孩子什么点题技巧，让孩子在文章的开头把题目重复一下即可。比如国庆节假期里，老师让孩子写一篇题目为《国庆节》的作文，孩子在开头是这样点题的：“国庆节，是祖国母亲的生日。”文章结尾没有点题。我让他写几个字点题，他就写道：“国庆节，是祖国妈妈的生日;国庆节，也是祖国妈妈的骄傲。”孩子在开头点了题目，就不容易写走题了;在结尾点题，则能使文章结构更为紧凑。
六、无话可说
写作文无话可说，是因为孩子不善于从多个角度观察写作对象。让孩子有话可说，就要教他从多个角度观察写作对象的方法。比如写《我的爸爸》，孩子抓耳挠腮，不知如何下笔。这时，家长就可以告诉他：可以写爸爸的模样，爸爸的习惯，爸爸和你之间发生过的事情;接下来还可以进一步细分观察角度，比如爸爸的模样，可以写爸爸的眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴、头发，爸爸的习惯可以写抽烟、喝酒、看书、口头禅。这样，角度多了，孩子就有话可说了。小孩子的作文，所写的无非是人物、事物、景物，观察的角度都差不多，这样指导几次，孩子练熟了，就不会再感到无话可说了。
七、干巴巴的
孩子作文干巴巴，打个比方，就是只有几根筋和骨头，没有肉。假如写树，他就写：“这棵树很高很高，有很多树枝，长了很多叶子”，不就是几根筋吗?要想孩子写作文生动，可从三个方面努力：一是加后缀，二是添修饰，三是用比喻。
什么是加后缀?就是在形容词后面添加补语。比如说花儿很红，就可以说“花儿红得像鲜血染过的一样”，“像鲜血染过的一样”就是后缀。什么是添修饰?就是在动词前面添加状语，在名词前面添加定语。比如说孩子进班了，就可以说“孩子晃晃悠悠地进班了”;比如说这是一支旧钢笔，就可以说“这是一支比我奶奶年纪还要大的钢笔”。“晃晃悠悠”就是状语，“比我奶奶年纪还要大”就是定语。至于用比喻，那就很简单了，家长会，孩子也会，关键是要用得恰当，这就需要孩子加强对生活现象的观察。如果你孩子的作文总是得不了高分，那么不要一味地责怪孩子，或者就此下定论孩子在写作方面没有天赋，家长和老师要静下心来，认真分析孩子作文分数不高的原因，看看孩子是不是有宋老师说的上述问题，然后又针对性地一个个解决，相信孩子的作文成绩会很快提高上去的。
活动目标 1.懂得面对错误要及时改正。
2.知道知错就改才能不断进步。
活动过程
一、开场：人生的道路是曲曲折折的，谁又不会犯错误?错误可能是再一次错误的开始，失败也可能是成功之母，它是每个人的一堂课，它也会给你失败，更会给你成功。
二 、明道理
1.谈话： 同学们在认识错误也就是知错以后，往往有这样三种不同的表现;第一种是及时改正;第二种是准备慢慢地改;第三种是不改。
2.讲故事《四块糖果的故事》老一代教育家陶行知先生有一个“四块糖果”的故事。当时陶先生任育才小学校长。一天，他发现学生王友用泥块砸同学，当即制止了王友，并令王友放学时到校长办公室。放学后陶先生来到校长室，见王友已等在门口。陶先生当即掏出一块糖果送给他：“这是奖给你的，因为你按时来到这里，我却迟到了。”当王友怀疑地接过糖果后，陶先生又掏出一颗糖果放到他手里：“这也是奖给你的，因为当我不让你再打人时，你立即就住手了，这说明你很尊重我。”说完，陶先生又掏出第三块糖果塞进王友手里：“我调查过了，你砸他们，是因为他们欺负女学生。这说明你很正直，有跟坏人作斗争的勇气!”王友哭了：“你打我两下吧，我错了，我砸的不是坏人，是我的同学呀„„”陶先生满意地笑了，随即掏出第四块糖果递过去：“为你正确地认识错误，我再奖给你一块糖果„„我的糖完了，我看我们的谈话也该完了
3.想一想：听了故事后你有什么感想?
三、 深化认识 议一议，谁做得对，谁做得不对?为什么?小宝和大伟在陈阿姨窗前踢球，不小心打碎了玻璃，他俩立即向陈阿姨认了错，还给陈阿姨送来了玻璃。从此以后，大伟再也不在别人家的窗前踢球了。小宝仍在那儿踢球。
四、联系实际。
1.联系自己知错就改的事情，说一说这样做的好处。
2.联系自己或别人的事例，说一说知错不改的危害。
五、引导实践。
1.读读下面的名言和谚语，说说你是怎样理解的。 (1)犯了错误则要求改正，改正得越迅速，越彻底，越好。 (2)聪明人知错就改，糊涂人有错就瞒。
2.通过今天的学习，你懂得了什么道理?
3.你知道自己还有什么缺点、错误没改吗?你准备什么时候改，怎样改?为什么?
五、结束语 俗话说：“失败是成功之母”。犯错误并不一定是件坏事，只要我们面对错误时，不惧怕，不躲避，不文过饰非，不强词夺理，敢于承认，敢于承担。愿我们每个人，都能以一种积极的人生态度，一颗勇敢的心和一双智慧的眼睛，去面对错误，反思错误。然后改正错误，做好人生的选择。
勇于改正错误的我 在我成长的道路上，发生过许多的事情，而有这么一件事，发生在去年的儿童节，它使我惭愧，催我深省。 六一儿童节的那天，姐姐带我去石景山游乐场。那里人山人海，眼花缭乱。当我想玩旋转木马时，因为人太多我排了好久的队最后便打算挤进去。可是，不料撞倒了一个小弟弟，他的妈妈看见后跑过来对我说：你那么大的孩子，抢什么抢呀，你看都把小弟弟给撞倒了，我理直气壮地说：不是我撞得，说完我便去玩旋转木马了。 虽然，我抢到了我喜欢的那匹木马，但我心里仍然不开心。因为我感觉四周有许多人在看我，他们的目光是那么的严肃，那么可怕。这时，我想：这可怎么办?去道个谦吧!又怕被阿姨责怪，脸挂不住;不去吧，我心里像压着一块沉重的石头，非常的内疚，哎，真是难办。玩完后，我从木马上下来，站在旁边的姐姐看出了我的心事，走过来语重心长地说：去到个谦吧!我连忙摇头说：不去。姐姐又说：如果你知道自己错了，诚信地去给弟弟和阿姨道个谦，他们会原谅你的，这样你心里就好多了，玩起来会更开心的。阿姨不会说你的，我还是有些犹豫，姐姐又说：你知错就改，知道自己的不对，同时又明白了尊老爱幼这个道理，这也说明你今天没有白来。听了这句话，我看了看姐姐，如释重负地走到阿姨面前说了一声：阿姨对不起，这是，阿姨那么气愤了，她面带着微笑，没有了刚才凶巴巴的样子了，摸着我的头说：没事，知错就是好孩子，阿姨原谅你了。 当时，我惭愧极了，我应该早一点认错或者及时把弟弟扶起来，这样就不那么被动了，没有那么尴尬了。
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