中学英语常见句型和短语归纳
同学们在英语学习中最头痛的问题之一是“英语句子的结构问题”，也就是词该怎么用，话该怎么说，应该使用什么样的句型等问题。为了帮助同学们解决这一问题，我们归纳和总结了一些常用的句型和短语。学习和掌握这些句型和短语，对于连词成句、文章“出彩”会有所帮助，同时也会促进英语写作能力的提高。中学阶段常用的句型和短语可以归纳如下：
注：“本文中所涉及到的图表、注解、公式等内容请以PDF格式阅读原文”
作者：王红云 孙 影
专四常见短语1 catch one’s breath 喘气,松口气;屏息
catch one’s eye 引人注目
catch sight of 看到,发现
come into effect 生效;实施
come into operation 施行,实行,生效
come to one’s senses 醒悟;苏醒
come true 实现
could not help 禁不住,忍不住
cut short 中断,打断
do one’s best 尽力,努力
enjoy oneself 过得快活
fall in love with 爱 上
find fault(with) 找岔
gain an advantage over 胜过,优于
get hold of 得到,获得
get rid of 丢弃,摆脱,
get the best of 战胜
get the better of 战胜,占上风
get together 会面,装配
give rise to 引起,导致
give way 让路,让步
go ahead 开始,进行
go into effect 施行,实行,生效
go into operation 生效,实施
go wrong 出错,出故障
had better 应该
had rather 宁愿
had rather…than 宁愿…而不愿…
have an advantage over 胜过,优于
have in mind 想到;记得;打算
have nothing to do with 和…毫无关系
have(something/much/little)to do with 和…(有些/有很大/没有什么)关系
help oneself 自用,自取
keep an eye on 留意,照看
keep in mind 记住
keep one’s head 保持镇静
keep one’s word 守信用
keep pace(with) (与……)齐步前进
lead the way 引路,带路
learn by heart 记住,背诵
leave alone 不打扰,不干预
let alone 更别提,不打扰
let go (of) 放,松手
lose heart 失去勇气,丧失信心
lose one’s head 慌乱,仓皇失措
lose one’s temper 发脾气,发努
lose sight of 忘记,忽略;看不见
make a /the difference 有影响,起作用
make friends 交朋友
make fun of 取笑,嘲弄
make one’s way 去,前往
make sense 讲得通,言之有理
专四常见短语2 make sure 查明;务必
make the best of 充分利用
make the most of 充分利用
make up one’s mind 下决心,打定主意
make use of 使用,利用
make way 让路,让出地方
may as well 还不如,不妨
never mind 不要紧;不用担心
pay attention to 注意
piece together 拼合
play a part(in) 起作用,参于
put into effect 实施;使生效
put into operation 实施;使生效
put into practice 实施;实行
put to use
使用
see to it that 注意,务必,保证
see that 注意,务必,保证
set fire to 使燃烧,点燃
take……for 把……认为是
take a chance 冒险,投机
take(a)delight in 以……为乐
take advantage of 利用,趁……之机
take care 当心,注意
take care of 照顾,照料
take charge 管理,接管
take effect 生效,起作用
take into account 考虑
take for granted 认为……理所当然
take one’s time 不着急,不着慌
take pains 努力,尽力,下苦功
take part (in) 参加,参于
take place 发生,进行,举行
take the place of 代替,取代
take turns 依次,轮流
throw light on 阐明,使了解
think better of 经考虑改变对…的看法
try one’s best 尽力,努力
2. 形容词同介词的搭配
absent from 不在,缺席
abundant in 富于
alien to 与……相反
angry with sb at/about sth 生气,愤怒
anxious about/for 忧虑,担心
appropriate for/to 适当,合适
applicable to 适用于
apt at 聪明,善于
apt to 易于
ashamed of 羞愧,害臊
approximate to 近拟,接近
aware of 意识到
available to sb for sth 可用,可供
bare of 几乎没有,缺乏
bound for 开往……
capable of 能够
careful of/about/with; 小心,注意
certain of /about 确信,肯定
about/in doing characteristic of 特有,独特
clear of 没有,不接触
clever at 善于
close to 接近,亲近
comparable to/with 可比较
conscious of 察觉到,意识到
consequent on 随之而来
considerate towards 体谅,体贴
contemporary with 与……同时代
content with 满足于
contrary to 违反
counter to 与……相反
crazy about 热衷,着迷
critical of 挑剔,批评
curious about 好奇,想知道
distinct from 种类(风格)不同
doubtful of /about 怀疑
east of 在……东面
equal to 相等,胜任
equivalent to 等于,相当于
essential to/for 必不可少
expert at/in/on 善于
faithful to 忠实于
familiar to sb 为……所熟悉
familiar with sth 熟悉,通晓
fatal to 致命的
favourable to 支持,赞成
favourable for 有帮助的
fearful of 惧怕
fit for 适于
foreign to 非……所原有
fond of 喜欢
free of /from 未受……;免费
free with 康慨,大方
guilty of 有……罪的
hungry for 渴望
ignorant of 不知道
impatient at sth. 不耐烦
impatient of 无法容忍
with sb independent of 不受……支配
impatient for 急切,渴望
专四常见短语3
indifferent to 无兴趣,不关心
indignant with sb. 愤慨
inferior to 级别低于,不如
sb/about sth innocent of 无…罪,无辜
intent on 专心于
invisible to 不可见的
jealous of 嫉妒
keep on 爱好,很喜欢
liable for 对……有责任
liable to 易 于
access to ……的入口,通路
acquaintance with 相识,了解
action on sth 对……的作用
addition to sth 增加
admission to /into 进入,入(场,学,会)
admission of sth 承认
advance in 改进,进步
advantage over 优于……的有利条件
affection for/towards 爱,喜欢
answer to ……的答案
loyal to 忠于
mad at/with sb. 生气,愤怒
mad with 因……发狂
next to 下一个,其次
necessary to /for 必要的
opposite to 在对面
open to 不限制,开放的
particular about 挑剔,讲究
parallel to 与……平等,类似
peculiar to 独特的,独有的
patient with 有耐心
prior to 在……之前
popular with 受……喜爱,爱戴
representative of 代表……的
relative to 与……有关
rich in 富于
responsible for 负责,是……原因
sensitive to 对……敏感
sensible of 觉查到
sick of 厌恶,厌倦
short of 缺少
skilled at /in 善于
similar to 相似
sufficient for 足够的
subject to 受制于,易于
superior to 优于,级别高于
suitable for/to 适合于
suspicious of 怀疑
sure of /about 对……有信心,确信
typical of 是典型的,特有的
tired of 对……不在感兴趣
votal to 对……关系重大
uncertain of /about 不确知
mad about/on 狂热迷恋
void of 没有,缺乏
3. 名词同介词的搭配
absence from 缺席,不在
absence of 缺乏
anxiety for sth 渴望
apology to sb for sth 道歉 appeal to sb for sth 恳求,呼吁 appeal for 魅力,吸引力 appetite for 对……的欲望 application 把……应用于…… approach to 类似,办法,通道
of sth/to sth argument 赞成/反对…的理由arrangement for 对……的安排
for /against attack on 对……的进攻,评击 attempt at 尝试,企图 attention to 对……的注意 attraction for 对……的吸引力 balance between ……之间的平衡 barrier to ……的障碍 belief in 对……的信仰,相信 candidate for 候选人,人选 check on 检查,阻止 claim for sth 要求
collision with sb/sth 碰撞,冲突 comment on /about 对……的评论 between A and B
complaint of /about 报怨,控告 compromise between/on 折中,妥协 concentration on sth 专心,集中精力 concentration of sth 集中,聚集 concern about/for/over 担心 confidence in 对……的信任,相信 connection between; 关系,连接 consent to sth 同意
with/to sth contact with sb/sth 接触,联系 contest for sth 争夺,竞争
contradiction between 矛盾,不一致
contrast to/with sth 对比,对照
contribution to 贡献,捐献,促成
between A and B conversation with sb 对话
conversion 转变,转换 about sth
of sth into sth credit for sth 荣誉,赞扬
damage to sth 损坏
danger to sb/sth 危险
decision on/against 做/不做……的决定
candidate for 候选人,人选
check on 检查,阻止
claim for sth 要求
collision with sb/sth 碰撞,冲突
comment on /about 对……的评论
between A and B
complaint of /about 报怨,控告
compromise between/on 折中,妥协
concentration on sth 专心,集中精力
decrease in sth ……的减少
defence against 防御,保卫
delegate to 参加……的代表
demand for 对……的需求
departure from 离开
desire for sth 渴望
difference 不同,差异
difference 分歧
between……in……
between…over… dispute about争论,辩论
admission of sth 承认
advance in 改进,进步
advantage over 优于……的有利条件
affection for/towards 爱,喜欢
answer to ……的答案
anxiety for sth 渴望
apology to sb for sth 道歉
appeal to sb for sth 恳求,呼吁
appeal for 魅力,吸引力
appetite for 对……的欲望
application 把……应用于……
approach to 类似,办法,通道 of sth/to sth
argument 赞成/反对……的理由
arrangement for 对……的安排
for /against attack on 对……的进攻,评击
attempt at 尝试,企图
attention to 对……的注意
attraction for 对……的吸引力
balance between ……之间的平衡
barrier to ……的障碍
belief in 对……的信仰,相信
concentration of sth 集中,聚集 concern about/for/over 担心 confidence in 对……的信任,相信 connection between; 关系,连接 consent to sth 同意
with/to sth contact with sb/sth 接触,联系 contest for sth 争夺,竞争
contradiction between 矛盾,不一致 contrast to/with sth 对比,对照 contribution to 贡献,捐献,促成
between A and B conversation with sb 对话 conversion 转变,转换 about sth of sth into sth credit for sth 荣誉,赞扬 damage to sth 损坏 danger to sb/sth 危险
decision on/against 做/不做…的决定 decrease in sth ……的减少 defence against 防御,保卫 delegate to 参加……的代表 demand for 对……的需求 departure from 离开 desire for sth 渴望 difference 不同,差异 difference 分歧 between……in……
between……over…… dispute about 争论,辩论distinction between 区别 doubt about/as to 怀疑 effect on 对……的作用 emphasis on 对……的强调,注重 encounter with 遭遇,遇到
enthusiasm about/for 热情
entrance to ……的入口,入场
envy of sb 嫉妒
exception to ……的例外 of /at sth
exposure to sth 暴露
fancy for sth 喜爱
faith in 对……的信任,信仰
glance at 扫视
preference to sth 优先
proposal for sth 准备
prejudice against/ 对……的偏见,偏重
preparation for 建议
in favour of ……
专四常见短语4
protection for sb 保护
gratitude to sb 感激
guess at sth 猜测
for sth hatred for/of 仇恨
hazard to 危险
hunger for 渴望
impact on/ upon 对……的撞击,巨大影响
improvement on/in 对……的改进,提高
increase in sth 增加,增长
independence from 独立,自主
influence on 对……的影响
inquiry about 对……的查询
inquiry into 对……的调查
interaction with sth 相互作用
inteference in/with 干涉,阻碍
between /among sth
introduction to 引言,介绍,入门
memorial to sth 引进(物)
invitation to 邀请
investment in sth 投资
loyalty to sb/sth 忠诚
memorial to sb/sth 纪念碑
obstacle to sth 纪念碑
objection to sth 反对
opponent of sth ……的障碍
opponent at /in sth 对手
patience with 反对者
passion for 对……的强烈爱好,热爱
precaution against 耐心
pity for sb/sth 可怜,怜悯
preference for sth 预防,防备
preface to ……的前言
preparation for 偏爱
protest against sth 抗议
against sth provision for/against 准备 pull at/on sth 拉,拖 ratio of sth to sth 比率 reaction to 对……的反应 reason for 原因,理由 reference to 提及,参考 regard for 对……的注意,尊重 remedy for 补救,解决 reply to sb/sth 对……的回答 reputation for 名声,名气 request for sth 要求
research on/into 对……的研究,调查 resistance to 对……的抵抗,阻力 response to 对……的回答,反应 responsibility for 责任,负责 restrainst on sb/sth 限制,约束 search for 对……的搜寻 service to 服务,贡献
similarity between ……的相似之处 skill at 技巧,熟练
solution to ……的解决办法 sorrow at/for/over 悲哀,悲痛 stress on 对……的强调 supplement to sth 补充,增刊 sympathy for 对……的同情 sympathy with 对……的赞同 taste for 对……的爱好,喜爱 taste in 对……的审美能力 tendency to sth 趋向,趋势 trust in 对……的信赖,信任
wish for 欲望,愿望
4. 常用其它短语
a series of 一系列,一连串
above all 首先,尤其是
after all 毕竟,究竟
ahead of 在……之前
ahead of time 提前
all at once 突然,同时
all but 几乎;除了……都
at first 最初,起先
at first sight 乍一看,初看起来
at hand 在手边,在附近
at heart 内心里,本质上
at home 在家,在国内
at intervals 不时,每隔……
at large 大多数,未被捕获的
at least 至少
at last 终于
all of a sudden 突然
all over 遍及
all over again 再一次,重新
all the time 一直,始终
all the same 仍然,照样的
as regards 关于,至于
anything but 根本不
as a matter of fact 实际上
apart from 除……外(有/无)
as a rule 通常,照例
as a result(of) 因此,由于
as far as ……be concerned 就……而言
as far as 远至,到……程度
as for 至于,关于
as follows 如下
as if 好像,仿怫
as good as 和……几乎一样
as usual 像平常一样,照例
as to 至于,关于
all right 令人满意的;可以
as well 同样,也,还
as well as 除……外(也),即……又
aside from 除……外(还有)
at a loss 茫然,不知所措
at a time 一次,每次
at all 丝毫(不),一点也不
at all costs 不惜一切代价
at all events 不管怎样,无论如何
at all times 随时,总是
at any rate 无论如何,至少
at best 充其量,至多
at length 最终,终于 at most 至多,不超过 at no time 从不,决不 by accident 偶然
at one time 曾经,一度;同时 at present 目前,现在 at sb’s disposal 任……处理 at the cost of 以……为代价 at the mercy of 任凭……摆布 at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度 at times 有时,间或
back and forth 来回地,反复地 back of 在……后面 before long 不久以后 beside point 离题的,不相干的 beyond question 毫无疑问 by air 通过航空途径 by all means 尽一切办法,务必by and by 不久,迟早 by chance 偶然,碰巧 by far 最,……得多 by hand 用手,用体力 by iteslf 自动地,独自地 by means of 用,依靠 by mistake 错误地,无意地 by no means 决不,并没有 by oneself 单独地,独自地 by reson of 由于 by the way 顺便说说 by virtue of 借助,由于
by way of 经由,通过……方法
due to 由于,因为
each other 互相
even if/though 即使,虽然
ever so 非常,极其
every now and then 时而,偶尔
every other 每隔一个的
except for 除了……外
in detail 详细地
in difficulty 处境困难
in effect 实际上,事实上
in general 一般来说,大体上
in favour of 支持,赞成
in front of 面对,在……前
in half 成两半
in hand 在进行中,待办理
face to face 面对面地
far from 远非,远离
for ever 永远
for good 永久地
for the better 好转
for the moment 暂时,目前
for the present 暂时,目前
for the sake of 为了,为了……的利益
for the time being 暂时,眼下
from time to time 有时,不时
hand in hand 手拉手 ,密切关联
head on 迎面地,正面的
heart and soul 全心全意地
how about ……怎么样
in a hurry 匆忙,急于
in case of 假如,防备
in a moment 立刻,一会儿
in a sense 从某种意义上说
in a way 在某种程度上
in a word 简言之,总之
in accordance with 与……一致,按照
in addition 另外,加之
in addition to 除……之外(还)
in advance 预先,事先
in all 总共,合计
in any case 无论如何
in any event 无论如何
in brief 简单地说
in charge of 负责,总管
in common 共用的,共有的
in consequence(of) 因此;由于
in debt 欠债,欠情
专四常见短语5
in honour of 为庆祝,为纪念 in itself 本质上,就其本身而言in line with 与……一致 in memory of 纪念 in no case 决不 in no time 立即,马上 in no way 决不 in order 按顺序,按次序 in other words 换句话说 in part 部分地 in particular 特别,尤其 in person 亲自,本人 in place 在合适的位置 in place of 代替,取代,交换 in practice 在实践中,实际上 in proportion to 与……成比例in public 公开地,当众 in quantity 大量 in question 正在谈论的 in regard to 关于,至于 in relation to 关于,涉及 in return 作为报答/回报/交换 in return for 作为对……报答 in short 简言之,总之 in sight 被见到;在望 in spite of 尽管 in step 齐步,合拍
in step with 与……一致/协调 in tears 流着泪,在哭着
in the course of 在……期间/过程中
in the distance 在远处
in the end 最后,终于
in the event of 如果……发生,万一
in the face of 即使;在……面前
in the first place 首先
in the future 在未来
in the least 丝毫,一点
in (the)light of 鉴于,由于
on duty 上班,值班
on earth 究竟,到底
on fire 起火着火
on foot 步行,
on guard 站岗,值班
on hand 在场,在手边
on occasion(s) 有时,间或
on one’s own 独立,独自
on purpose 故意地
in the way 挡道
in the world 究竟,到底
in time 及时
in touch 联系,接触
in turn 依次,轮流;转而
in vain 徒劳,白费力
instead of 代替,而不是
just now 眼下;刚才
little by little 逐渐地
lots of 许多
many a 许多
more or less 或多或少,有点
next door 隔壁的,在隔壁
no doubt 无疑地
no less than 不少于……;不亚于……
no longer 不再
no more 不再
no more than 至多,同……一样不
none other than 不是别的,正是
on one’s guard 警惕,提防
nothing but 只有,只不过
now and then 时而,偶尔
off and on 断断续续,间歇地
off duty 下班
on a large/small scale 大/小规模地
on account of 由于
on(an/the) average 平均,通常
on behalf of 代表
on board 在船(车/飞机)上
on business 因公
on condition that 如果
on sale 出售,廉价出售 on schedule 按时间表,准时 on second thoughts 经重新考虑 on the contrary 正相反
on the grounds of 根据,以……为由on (the) one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 on the point of 即将……的时刻 on the road 在旅途中 on the side 作为兼职/副 业 on the spot 在场;马上 on the whole 总的来说,大体上 on time 准时 once again 再一次
once(and)for all 一劳永逸地 once in a while 偶尔 once more 再一次 once upon a time 从前 one another 相互 or else 否则,要不然 or so 大约,左右 other than 非;除了 out of 从……中;由于;缺乏 out of breath 喘不过气来 out of control 失去控制 out of date 过时的 out of doors 在户外 out of order 出故障的 out of place 不适当的 out of practice 久不练习,荒疏 out of sight 看不见,在视野外
out of the question 毫无可能的
out of touch 不联系,不接触
over and over(again) 一再地,再三地
prior to 在……之前
quite a few 相当多,不少
rather than 不是……(而是)
regardless of 不顾,不惜
right away 立即,马上
side by side 肩并肩,一起
so far 迄今为止
sooner or later 迟早,早晚
step by step 逐步地
such as 例如,诸如
thanks to 由于,多亏
that is (to say) 就是说,即
to the point 切中要害,切题
under control 处于控制之下
under the circumstances 这种情况下
up to date 在进行中
up to 多达;直到;胜任;取决于
what if 切合目前情况的
what about 怎么样
with respect to 如果……将怎么样
with regard to 关于,至于
without question 关于,至于,
with the exception of 除……之外
without question 毫无疑问
word for word 逐字的
专
四、专八英语作文的几种有效开篇段写法
漂亮的开篇是获取作文的高质量，同时也是高分数的重要部分，为了帮助同学们掌握有效的开篇手法，我在此重点介绍6种常见的、也是有效的作文开篇方法。希望同学们学以致用，至少每周开篇方法要练习使用3-4次，形成较深刻印象。对于自己特别喜欢的开篇方法要重点练习使用，直到熟练掌握。
1.使用数字
数字能够使人感到我们不是在空谈，能给人一种真实地感受。人们通常喜欢用数字说明问题，也容易受数字影响。所以我们可以使用数字来吸引人们的注意力。
Every day millions of job-hunters in the world write letters of applications, wishing that they would be given a chance of interview. 2.用问题
在文章开始我们可以向读者提出问题，让读者跟着我们一起思考。但是要注意的是，我们提的问题不能简单，也不能太多，一般绝对不可以超过两个。通常情况下，我们的问题都会是设问句，答案就是文章的话题。
Now in our society what do you have to do if you want to find a job? What lies between you and an ideal job? (That is interview.)或者
Do you know any university graduate who does not want to succeed in the society? What does it take for a university graduate to succeed in the modern society? 3.用引语
我们可以引用名人名言或者某一领域里的专家的话。这种引言既可以是与我们的中心思想相一致的，也可以是有争议的，这样都可以达到吸引读者的目的。比如：“Success comes not only from perspiration and inspiration, but also from satisfactory performance in interviews,” commented Dr. Kenly in his book. 或者According to traditional Chinese thoughts, a talent must be excellent at ability and morality.
4.直奔主题式或开门见山式(Direct opening) 引言段可以直接表明文章的主题。 以2005年题目为例，“Interview is frequently used by employers as a means to recruit prospective employees. As a result，there have been many arguments for or against the interview as a selection procedure. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.”比如我们可以这样开始： Nowadays interview is becoming more and more important in recruitment或者 In the modern society，almost all university students look forward to success in employment.
这是最简单的方法，但是这种单刀直入的方法容易显得过于唐突，读者心理上不易接受。另外，它还可能会使人觉得文章内容单薄，给人以作者思想贫乏之感。所以我们并不推荐这种方法。 5.收网式(Narrowing—down)
这种方法通常由一个宽泛的、读者非常认同的事实开始，然后逐步把读者的注意力引向文章要讨论的话题。前面的开头相当于一个铺垫，给读者一种自然而然的感觉，比如2005年的题目，我们还可以说：
With the development of market economy in China，more and more companies have come into being.When they need to take up more people，employers usually select through interviews.Similarly，when people need to find a job，they also need to perform well in interviews.Therefore，interview is becoming increasingly important in the modern society. 而对于2002年的题目，“All of us would agree that in order to be successful in the present-day society，we university students have to possess certain personal qualities that can enable us to realize our aims.What do you think is the most important personal quality of a university student?” 我们可以说：One feature of the modern society is the more respect given to individual values. When fighting for personal values and success，students need to catch good opportunities，but they also need to possess some essential personal qualities.
使用这种方法的关键是我们的网要撒得很开，但是收网时既不要太快，又不能过慢。如果在开始那个宽泛的话题上停留过久，就可能会使文章有跑题的危险。我们建议大家最多用三句话，就把网收起来。 6.驳论式(Refutation)
这种方法是先说出一种与本文观点相反但读者可能会同意的观点，然后话锋一转，指出这一观点是错误，并亮出自己的观点。如果我们用这种方法写2005年的题目，就可能是这样：
Many of us may agree that China is a society relying heavily on guanxi, or relationship. We may all have the experience of having to resort to certain relationship in order to get something done, to find a good job, for example. But, with the development of market economy, recruitment is conducted more and more on the basis of interview rather than on various personal connections. 而2002年的题目，可以是这样：
As the modern society puts more emphasis on personal difference and personal values，it provides more opportunities for students to seek success. However，the fact is that not everyone can succeed.Success calls for certain opportunities，but more importantly，it calls for many personal qualities.
在这种方式的开头中，转折词but或者however可以在很短的时间内就在读者脑海中造成一次撞击和冲突，所以比较能引起读者的关注。而如果我们能在阅卷老师业已疲惫不堪的脑海中形成这样一次撞击，就有可能给他们留下良好的第一印象。
当然，有些写作课可能还会介绍其他的开头方式，如讲故事(anecdote)等，但是对于考试来说，我们认为以上6种是最简洁、最高效的。
另外还要指出，有些同学可能认为直接引用题目中提示部分的内容是一个保证不跑题的方法，比如下面这个例子就是这样：
Nowadays interview is frequently used by employers as a means to recruit prospective employees.As a result，there have been many arguments for or against it as a selection procedure.Some people regard it as a good way to select employees within a short time while others think it is not proper to decide oil a person just by interview.But, all of them have some truth.
这里前面几句基本上是直接从题目里抄来的。实践证明，这种做法可能会得不偿失。首先，阅卷老师对这几句话非常熟悉，他们知道这不是你自己写的，因此可能会认为你在投机取巧，进而对你形成不好的印象。
一.国际事务：
negotiations，delegate，delegation，summit峰会
chartern. 特许状， 执照， 宪章 pledgen. 诺言， 保证， 誓言，vt. 许诺， 保证， 使发誓，
vt. 特许， 发给特许执照
promote peace促进和平
boost economic co-op加强经济合作 make concession/compromise作出妥协 pass a resolution通过决议
sanctionn. 核准，制裁，处罚，约束力 vt. 制定制裁规则，认可，核准， 同意 defaultn. 违约， 不履行责任，默认值 vt. 疏怠职责，拖欠，默认
vi. 疏怠职责，拖欠，默认
veto a bill否决议案
break the deadlock打破僵局
a scientific breakthrough科学突破
an unexpected outcome出乎意料的结果 sign an deal/treaty/pact/agreement / accord签署协议
diplomatically isolated country在外交上被孤立的国家
diplomatic solutions外交解决方案 hot spot热点
take hostilities toward.....对…采取敌对态度 ethnic cleansing种族排斥 refugee，illegal aliens非法移民 mediator调解员
national convention国民大会
fight corruption反腐败
corrupted election腐败的选举 peace process和平进程
give a boost to...促进
booming economy促进经济发展 mutual benefits/interests双赢
Defense Minister国防部长
Pentagon五角大楼
impose/break a deadline规定/打破最后期限retaliate报复
banking reform金融改革
commissioner代表
go bankrupt破产
file for bankruptcy提出破产
deputy代表
external forces外部力量
disarmament agreement裁军协议 mandaten.命令, 指令, 要求, 授权
to lift a boycott取消禁令 boycottn. 对与某人﹑ 某国等交往或贸易的)抵制 embargon.封港令, 禁运, 禁止(通商)v.禁止, 禁运 impose sanctions against...实施制裁 dismantle销毁 the implementation of an accord执行决议 to ease the ban on ivory trade缓解对象牙贸易的禁令 to harbor sb.保护 animal conservation动物保护 threatened/endangered species濒危物种 illegal poaching非法捕猎 face extinction濒临灭亡 Gallup/opinion/exit poll，survey民意调查 stand trial受审 put...on trial审判某人 sue，file suit against...状告 accuse, charge控告 radioactive放射性 radiation辐射 uranium enrichment program铀浓缩计划 nuke nonproliferation核部扩散 suspect，arrest，detain，in custody被囚禁 on human rights abuse charges反人权罪名 HIV positiveHIV阳性 fight poverty/starvation/hunger/disease/virus，stop the spread of... crack down on...严打…… illegal drug trafficking毒品贩运 piracy，pirated products盗版产品 fake goods假货 notorious臭名昭著 bloody tyrant血腥独裁者 execute/execution处决 death penalty死刑 seminar，forum，研讨会，讨论会 peace conference，和平大会 national convention，全国会议 his counterpart同等级别的人 my predecessor/successor我的前任/后任二.战争军事： military option军事解决途径(动用武力) escalating tension逐步升级的局势 military coupe军事政变 forced from office被赶下台 step down/aside下台 on the brink of war处于战争边缘 wounded，killed，injury，death，casualties伤亡 heavy fighting激战 genocide种族灭绝
relief effort救济工作
humanitarian aid人道主义援助 broker 安排、协商/mediate a ceasefire/truce促成停火
end the bloodshed结束流血事件 special envoy特使
peace-keeping forces维和部队 guerrilla war游击战争 border dispute边境争端 armed conflict武装冲突 reconciliation调解 civil war内战
cruise missile巡航导弹
come to a conclusion达成一致 coalition forces联合军队
on high alert处于高级戒备状态 rebeln.反叛者, 造反者, 叛逆者
v.造反, 反抗, 反感
rebellion叛乱 rebel forces叛军
hostage，kidnapped French nationals被绑架的法国人
US-led invasion美国领导的入侵 right-wing extremists右翼极端分子 warring factions交战各方
topple the government推翻政府 suicide bombing自杀性袭击事件
dispute/crisis/conflict，holy war纷争，圣战 administration，regime，n.政体, 政权, 制度claim responsibility for...声称负责 suspend停止 resume继续
coalition party联合政党
post-war reconstruction战后重建 pre-war intelligence战前情报 radar， espionage谍报 spying activity间谍行为 electronic warfare电子战争
chemical/biological/nuclear warfare化学/生物/核战争
三. 地震类：
新闻发布会：press conference 大地震：the massive earthquake
8.0级地震：the 8.0- magnitude earthquake 地震灾区：quake-hit area/ quake-stricken area 重灾区：the worst-hit area 震中：epicenter 余震：aftershock
地震灾民：quake victim 武警：armed police 消防官兵：fire-fighter
医务工作者：medical worker 救援者：rescuer 救援队：rescue team 伤者：the injured 失踪者：the missing 废墟：debris/ruin
卫生：sanitationhygiene
黄金72小时：golden 72 hours 温总理：Premier Wen
联合国秘书长：UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon 红十字会：the Red Cross 医疗队：medical team
资金和物资：funds and material 可移动医院：mobile hospital 死亡人数：death toll
与时间赛跑：race against time 生命线：lifeline
民政部：the Ministry of Civil Affairs 国务院信息办：the Information Office of the State Council 中央台记者：CCTV correspondent 沙特阿拉伯：Saudi Arabia 中国大使馆：Chinese Embassy 外交使节：envoy
降半旗：Flags are to be kept at half-mast. 默哀：mourn 哀悼：condolence
人道主义援助：humanitarian aid 救济工作：relief work 捐赠：donate
咨询热线：consultation hotline 疏散：evacuate
堰塞湖：barrier lake/quake lake 重建：rebuild
震后重建：post-quake reconstruction 复原：rehabilitation
帐篷小学：camp primary school 复课：resume classes
建立DNA数据库：build DNA database 火葬：cremate
阻止疫情：prevent epidemic 文化遗产：culture heritage
四. 奥运类：
国际奥林匹克委员会 International Olympic Committee
中国奥委会 Chinese Olympic Committee 奥运圣火t he Olympic flame奥运会选拔赛Olympic Trial 奥运会会歌Olympic Anthem 奥运火炬Olympic Torch
奥运会代表团Olympic Delegation 奥运村Olympic Village 组委会organization committee 开幕式opening ceremony 闭幕式closing ceremony 吉祥物mascot 颁奖台podium
记录保持者a record-holder
团体金牌 a team gold medal比赛项目event观众spectator
金/ 银/ 铜牌获得者the gold / silver/ bronze medalist
个人赛Individual events团体赛Team events田径Athletics径赛Track自行车Cycling体操Gymnastics 击剑：Fencing 射击： shooting
五. 经济类：
financial crisis金融危机 Federal Reserve美联储 real estate房地产 share股票
inflation / deflation通货膨胀/紧缩 stock market股市 shareholder股东
macroeconomic宏观经济 go underankrupt破产 pension fund养老基金 government bond政府债券 budget预算
deficit 赤字 surplus顺差, 盈余 intellectual property知识产权 opportunistic practice投机行为 entrepreneur企业家 cook the book做假帐 fluctuate波动
pickup in price物价上涨 CPI monetary policy货币政策 foreign exchange外汇 quote 报价
floating rate 浮动利率
venture capital 风险资本(VC) global corporation 跨国公司 consolidation 兼并 take over 收购 merger并购 on the hook 被套住
六.常见新闻缩写词：
1、组织机构等专有名称
UNESCO=United Nations Educational， Scientific And Cultural Organization(联合国教科文组织)
IMF=International Monetary Fund(国际货币基金组织)ASEAN=Association Of Southeast Asian Nations(东南亚国家联盟;“东盟”)
GATT=General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade(关贸总协定)
WTO=World Trade Organization(世界贸易组织) OPEC=Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries(石油输出国组织;“欧佩克”)
PLO=Palestine Liberation Organization(巴勒斯坦解放组织;“巴解”)
IOC=International Olympic Committee(国际奥林匹克委员会)
NASA=National Aeronautics And Space Administration[(美国)国家宇航局]
WHO=World Health Organization(世界卫生组织) NASA= National Aeronautics and Space Administration 美国国家航空航天局
2、常见事物的名称，如上述例句中的aids (艾滋病)。又如：
UFO=Unidentified Flying Object(不明飞行物;“飞碟”)DJI=Dow-Jones Index(道琼斯指数)
ABM=Anti-Ballistic Missile(反弹道导弹) SALT=Strategic Arms Limitation Talks(限制战略武器会谈)
SDI=Strategic Defence Initiative(战略防御措施)
3、表示人们的职业、职务或职称的名词，如 Mp(议员)。又如：
PM=Prime Minister(总理;首相) GM=General Manager(总经理)
VIP=Very Important Person(贵宾;要人)
TP=Traffic Policeman(交通警察) PA=Personal Assistant(私人助理)
国际关系
常见国际组织机构名称
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization 联合国粮食农业组织 Security Council 联合国安理会
Economic and Social Council 经济与社会理事会
United Nation Children’s Fund 联合国儿童volcano eruption 火山爆发 flood 洪水
mudslide 泥石流 drought 干旱
depredate 掠夺，毁坏 death toll 死亡人数 refugee 难民 tsunami 海啸 earthquake 地震 snowstorm 暴风雪
fatality 不幸，灾祸，天命 humanitarian 人道主义者 基金组织
United Nations Development Program 联合 国开发计划处
International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原 子能组织
ITU=International Telecommunications Union国际电信同盟UNIDO=United Nations IndustrialDevelopment Organization 联合国工业开发 组织
IBRD=International Bank for Reconstructionand Development 国际复兴与开发银行IOC=International Olympic Committee 国际 奥林匹克委员会(=CIO)
IMF=International Monetary Fund 国际货币 基金组织
GATT=General Agreement on Tariffs andTrade 关贸总协定
常见巴以冲突问题新闻词汇Jewish settler 犹太定居者assassination 暗杀cease-fire 停火
Gaza Strip 加沙地带withdrawal 撤退
Fatah 法塔赫(巴解组织最大的一支游击 队)
West Bank 约旦河西岸Oslo agreement 奥斯陆协定Likud party 利库德集团Middle East 中东
targeted elimination 定点清除unilateral action 单边行动
灾难新闻
rescue official 援救人员capsize (特指船)倾覆
afflicted district 受灾地区 sandstorm 沙尘暴 tornado 龙卷风
plague 瘟疫，麻烦，苦恼，灾祸 doom 厄运，毁灭，死亡 natural calamity 自然灾害
犯罪新闻
常用犯罪、法律类新闻词汇
verdict (律)(陪审团的)裁决，判决 guilty 犯罪的，有罪的 jurisdiction 权限 appeal 上诉
penalty 处罚，罚款 accusation 谴责，(律)指控 robbery 抢掠，抢夺 rape 强奸 fraud 欺骗
corruption 腐败，贪污，堕落 immunity 豁免权 extradite 引渡 assassination 暗杀 sanction 制裁 trial 审讯，审判 defence (律)(被告的)答辩、辩护execute 处死
bail 保释，保证金，保证人 procurator 代理人
kidnapping 诱拐，拐骗 bribe 贿赂 arson 纵火罪
defalcation 挪用公款，贪污 hijack 劫机
right of asylum 避难权 amnesty 特赦 repatriate 遣返 felony (律)重罪
经济新闻
常见经济用词
an economic forum 经济论坛venture 投机，风险trade disputes 贸易争端deficit 赤字
depreciation 贬值
devaluation (货币)贬值budget 预算
amortize 分期清偿launch 投放市场brand 商标，牌子toxin 毒素
noxious 有害的placebo 安慰剂immunize 使免疫fungus 真菌
remedy 药物，治疗法sanitary卫生的，(保持)清洁的，清洁卫生的HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) 人体免疫缺损病毒，艾滋病病毒
thermal pollution 热污染
tropical island effect 热岛效应acid rain 酸雨
debenture 债券
deflate 紧缩(通货)depression 萧条，不景气
bankroll 资金arbitrage 套汇
antitrust 反托拉斯的，反垄断的
常见财经证券新闻词汇
DOW: Dow Jones industrial average(DJIA) 道琼斯工业指数
Tokyo’s Nikkei average 东京日经平均 指数
a bull market 牛市
bonus share 红股
The standard and Poor’s 500 标准普尔 500指数
NYSE, New York Stock Exchange 纽约 证券交易所
NASDAQ: National Association ofSecurities Deal Automated Quotations 纳斯 达克指数
a bear market 熊市blue chip 绩优股
inscribed shares 记名式股份
民生调查
环境、健康卫生用语
air quality monitoring system 空气质量监测系统
life-span 寿命mortality 死亡率chronic 慢性的
non-infection 非传染avian influenza 禽流感taint 感染
venom 毒;毒物
desertification (土壤)荒漠化，沙漠化 soil erosion 水土流失 教育用词
curriculum 课程
academy (高等) 专科院校，研究院，学会，学院 semester 学期
guest professor 客座教授 statistics 统计学 president 校长 ethics 伦理学
plagiarism 剽窃，剽窃物 能源、交通用词 van 有篷货车 trolley 电车，(电车)滚轮，手推车 shuttle 往返汽车(列车、飞机)，航天飞机 unleaded 无铅的 nuclear 原子能的 petroleum 石油 lorry 铁路货车
vehicular 车的，用车辆运载的 commuter 通勤者，经常往返者 solar energy 太阳能
heat energy 热能
Look 的常用短语： look up „ in查找 look back to/ upon回顾 look upon„as把„ 看作 look forward to期待
look through浏览; 看穿
take on a new look呈现新面貌
Concentrate 的常用短语： concentrate on 专心„
concentrate one’s mind on 专心于„
类似的短语： fix one’s mind upon focus on put one’s heart into focus one’s mind on
Surprise常用短语： in surprise惊讶地
to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 be surprise at/to do/that
常见表“喜欢”的短语和单词： like care for be keen on be fond of take delight in…
Trouble的常用短语：
have much trouble / no trouble (in) doing 在„有/没有困难 take great trouble to do不辞辛劳做某事 put sb to the trouble of doing …为难某人做某事 make trouble捣乱
be in (great) trouble惹麻烦;处在困境中 help sb. out of trouble帮某人摆脱困境
End的常用短语：
come to an end„„结束 put an end to 结束„„ in the end终于; 最后
end up (by) doing„以„„结束 make both ends meet收支相抵
表示“导致”、“由„引起”的短语： 1. 导致 result in lead to
2. 由„„引起 be caused by result from grow out of lie in
表“全力以赴”的短语： do / try one’s best spare no efforts to do take great pains to do go all out to do do what somebody can (do) to do do all somebody can (do) to do
Far常用短语：
far from (being)离„„要求相差很远 far from +(a place)距离某地很远 far away遥远
so far 到目前为止; 那么远
as far as sb. knows/sees据某人所知 by far (最高级前,比较级后)起强调作用
Distance常用短语： in the distance在远处 from/ at a distance从远处 keep sb. at a distance
Use常用短语：
used to do过去曾经、常做 be used to doing „习惯于„„ be used to do被用来做„„ make good/ full use of充分利用„„ come into use开始使用„„
it is no use doing „干„„没有用
Make常用短语：
be made up of =consist of 由„„组成 make up for弥补
be made from/ of由„„造成 make up编造;组成;化妆 be made into制成„„ make fun of取笑; 嘲弄 make a living 谋生
1.be pleased to do 做……感到愉快 2. be pleased/satisfied with 对……满意 3. be excited/crazy about 对……感到兴奋 4. be surprised at 对……感到吃惊 5. be amazed at 对……感到惊讶 6. be impressed by 被……感动 7. be interested in 对……感兴趣 8. be anxious about 因……焦虑 9. be worried about 为……感到担忧 10. be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊 11. be tired of 对……厌烦 12. be fed up with 对……极厌烦 13. be embarrassed at 对……尴尬 14. be disappointed in sb.对某人感到失望 15. be disappointed at sth.对某事感到失望 16. be filled with=be full of 装满/充满 17. be crowded with 挤满 18. be covered with 盖满……，掩满 19. be stressed out 有压力的,紧张的 20. be relaxed (about) 觉得放松 21. be dressed in 穿着……衣服 22. be married to sb. 和某人结婚 23. be mad/annoyed at sb生某人的气 24. be terrified of 惧怕 25. be divided into 把……分成 26. be afraid of 害怕 27. be allowed to do 被允许做…… 28. be supposed to do应该做/被要求做 29. be made from 用……制成的 30. be made in 在某地制造 31. be made of 用……制造的 32. be made by 由……制造 33. be used as (被)当作……来 34. be used in 被用在…… 35. be used by+sb (被)……用 36. be used for doing sth. (被)用来做… 37. be used to do sth. (被)用来做…… 38. be used to doing 习惯于 39. be angry at(about) sth. 生某事的气 40. be angry with 生某人的气 41. be far away from 离……很远 42. be near/close to 离……很近 43. be the same as 和……一样 44. be different from 与……不同 45. be away from 从某地离开 46. be blind in the eyes 眼睛失明 47. be weak/poor in 在……弱/差 48. be good at 善于/擅长 49. be careful about/with 当心 50. be carefu1 of 当心某人 51. be good for 对……有益 52. be bad for 对……有害 53. be proud of=take pride in 以……自豪 54. be/get lost 迷失(道路) 55. be sure of 对……有把握 56. be sure that 确信 57. be sure to do sth. 一定要;务必 58. be worth doing sth. 值得做…… 59. be busy with忙于/be busy doing忙于做60. be willing to do 愿意做 61. be confident of 对……有信心 62.be strict with sb. in sth.在方面对某人要求严格 63. be friendly to sb. 对……友好 64. be kind/nice to sb. 对……好 65. be similar to 与……相似 66. be similar with 熟悉，通晓 67. be popular with 受某人所喜爱 68. be sorry for 抱歉 69. be ill in hospital 生病，住院 70. be in the hospital 在医院里 71. be in danger 处于危险之中 72. be in trouble 陷入困境 73. be late for school/class上学/上课迟到 74. be on sale在热销中 75. be across from 在……对面 76. be serious about 对……很认真 77. be on show 在展出 78. be on duty 值日、值班 79. be on holiday 在度假 80. be on business 在出差 81. be on the school soccer team在校足球队 82. be grateful to sb.对某人表示感激 83. be grateful for sth 因为某事表示感激 84. be asleep 睡着的 85. be awake 醒着的
86. be able to do sth. 能够做某事 87. be for doing sth. 赞成做某事
88. be against doing sth. 反对做某事 89. be famous for…… 以……著名，出名 90. be famous as… 以……身份而出名 91. be/come from 来自于，是……人 92. be/get ready for 为……作好准备 93. be/get ready to do 准备好做某事 94. be familiar to 对……熟悉 95. be in good health 身体健康 96. be confident of 有信心 97. be suitable/fit for 适合
98. be of medium height/build 中等个头/身材 99. be in agreement 同意
100.be glad/pleased/sad/lucky/surprised to do
1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy 2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard 3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology 4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…
6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others… 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on… 15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点 argument on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to … 19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20.…也不例外 …be no exception
21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on… 22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon 25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision 28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills 29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden 30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective 32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts 33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…
34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society 35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for… 36.综合素质 comprehensive quality 37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach 39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to… 40. 应当承认 Admittedly, 41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty 42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…
43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information 44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources 45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写) 46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient 47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly 49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress 50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology 51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue 52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion 53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence 54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice 56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…
57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition 58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 59.长远利益. Interest in the long run 60…有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages 61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones 62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs. 63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to 64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information 65.跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …
66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth. 67.…的健康发展 the healthy development of … 68.有利有弊 every coin has its two sides. No garden without weeds. 69.对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person. 70.重视 attach great importance to… 71.社会地位 social status 72.把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on… 73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge 74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally 75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to… 76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal 77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that 78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden 79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth.
80.与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with 81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary. 82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of 83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water 84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities 85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress 86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that… 87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding 88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of 89.科学发展观 scientific outlook (thinking) on development 90.倡导公正、合理的新秩序观To call for the establishment of a just and equitable new order 91.新能源观new thinking on energy development 92.诚信缺失 lack of credibility 93.发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享development for the people, by the people and to the benefit of all the people 94.和谐共赢harmony for all winners; harmonious and win-win scenario; all-win harmony 95.真正意义上的和谐社会在逐步发展a harmonious society in its true sense is emerging; a truly harmonious society is emerging 96.实现社会公平与正义to ensure social equity and justice 97.利益协调机制interest coordinating (balancing) mechanism 98.社会救助体系social assistance (aid) system 99.人民群众安全感people’s sense of security
100.主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观foster new thinking featuring the respect for different civilizations
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