六级写作

2022-03-24 版权声明 我要投稿

第1篇:六级写作

大学英语四六级写作刍议

摘 要: 英语写作是大学英语四六级考试的难点之一。本文就大学英语四六级写作中存在的问题进行分析,探究成因并提出相应的解决方法,提高学生的写作能力。

关键词: 英语四六级写作 问题 成因 解决方案

一、引言

《大学英语四六级考试大纲》对写作的要求是考生需要在30分钟内写出一篇100词—120词的短文并能够正确表达思想,意义连贯语句通顺,无重大语法错误。写作在大学英语四六级考试中占了15%的比重,不仅考查学生对英语综合能力的运用,还考查学生的思维和论证能力。从历年英语四六级成绩数据来看,写作得分长期在低水平徘徊,学生对于写作的兴趣不浓厚。鉴于此,本文将对大学英语写作的现存问题加以分析,并提出相应的解决方案。

二、存在的问题

(一)英语运用能力

1.词汇量积累

词汇量是影响四六级整体成绩的重要因素之一。叶圣陶先生说:“厚积言有物。”现如今一些学生的词汇量掌握少,书面语言贫乏,究其原因,没有丰富的词汇量积累,词不达意。在写作过程中学生无法用丰富且高级的词汇表达真实想法。例如对于创办一个新企业的描写,“launch a new enterprise”是较好的描述,词汇量匮乏的学生会写成“build a new company”,因此重视词汇积累对于写作能力的提高有着很大好处。

2.汉式英语

由于不同的民族语言文化存在较大的差异,学生写作时往往以自身民族表达习惯为基准,容易受中式思维的影响,因此经常出现汉式英语表达。例如将“一个农业上的好收成”译成“A good harvest in agriculture”看似标准,实际上“in agriculture”是赘余的,因为“harvest”本身的意思就是农作物的收成。另外,由于受到从小到大运用的母语词汇和词义的影响,当学生在英语写作过程中找不到合适的词汇表达,就会凭借自己的想法制造出各种“中式英语”。例如把四世同堂(four generations under one roof)譯成“four generations living together”。由于多数时间生活在汉语为母语的生活环境下,汉语思维基本定型。在思维模式方面,卡普兰认为英语族人的思维形式呈“直线型”,包括汉语在内的东方语言呈“螺旋型”,这也是为什么我们在写作过程中倾向于将从句放在主句的前面,将条件放在主要内容的前面。

3.语法基础

语法基础是构成四六级写作语言表达的重要组成部分,目前一些大学生的语法基础并不扎实,在英语写作过程中经常漏洞百出、杂乱无章。下面是写作中一些易犯的语法问题:1)句子成分缺失。往往缺少谓语和主语使得句子看上去混乱不完整。2)时态语态错误。混淆或忘记改变动词的词形,很少考虑使用被动语态。3)忽略基本骨架。只考虑堆砌词语表达意思,忘记保证句子基本结构在语法上的正确性。

(二)逻辑思维能力

人们运用理念知识、判断能力及推理方法等思维形式反映出事物本质与规律的认识过程叫做逻辑思维。除中英思维存在的客观差异外,在四六级写作中学生往往忽视文章的篇章结构和段落发展的重要性,写出来的文章往往信息感弱、逻辑性差,整体内容缺乏连贯性和统一性,内容无主次之分。且一些学生认为复杂的句式更能够体现写作水平,乱用和误用复杂的句式往往造成逻辑混乱的反向效果。

(三)写作兴趣与教学方式

大多数学生写英语作文的初衷并不是兴趣使然,而是完成老师要求的作业或应付考试。中外教育学家们认为影响英语写作成功与否的主要因素之一便是兴趣的高低。经过调查研究发现影响英语学习的一些因素中,兴趣占了63%、才能占23%、其他占14%。教育家叶圣陶先生也说:“写作的本源是表达的欲望,如同说话一样,胸中有所积蓄,不吐不快。”因此,兴趣是学生能否主动学习的前提。除此之外,大部分教师目前采用的写作教学着重于强调技巧训练,课堂以传授书本知识点为主,写作能力的培养和提高没能引起应有的重视,导致不少学生对英语写作缺乏兴趣。

三、问题的成因

(一)阅读输入不足

语言学家Michael Walter认为:“没有被归纳的语言材料和难度过大的资料都需要为学生提供,没有这部分的语言输入,学生的语言能力就不能够得到充分发挥。”英语阅读是以文章作为载体获取知识的重要过程之一,集词汇、语法等知识于一体,任何阅读材料都是获取知识的途径。阅读与写作是相互促进又相互依赖的两种过程,都属于英语书面语言学习与运用的范畴。语言学习的过程需要语言输入,阅读的过程是知识语言的获取,写作的过程是将获取的知识语言再现,即语言输出。通过大量的阅读训练,学生们从中学习到一些语言知识,获取一些需要的信息,并将这些知识消化吸收及储存在脑中,储存在脑海中的知识积累得越多,写作时所能运用到的素材便越多。但是阅读教学多采用应试目的的强化训练形式,学生处于非主动阅读的状态。且许多阅读材料被分解为语言知识点进行教学,弱化了英语材料的应有功能。

(二)母语迁移影响

在英语写作当中学生不自觉地套用母语的形式和规则,导致生硬不自然的表达,即母语迁移现象。这是汉语思维方式、表达方式及对中西文化差异的不了解导致的。在四六级写作时学生经常根据汉语的思考方式将英语词汇机械地转换,例如将红茶“black tea”译成“red tea”。另外,汉语的思维方式和英语有着较大的差别,有时将汉语意思转变成英语时需要用相反意思表达,且汉语经常以主动语态为主,英语被动语态和倒装句出现频率较高。由于中西方国家各自的风俗文化、行为习惯和思考方式等存在差异,母语迁移现象在四六级写作中普遍存在。例如中国学生在写作描述一件事物或者事件时,更加注重语言的修饰和优美程度,添入更多的个人情感,而西方学生在描述时则显得更客观。

(三)思辨能力薄弱

英语四六级写作的目的旨在用英语更准确更有逻辑地表达考生的思考和想法,内容的充实与否实际上取决于思辨能力的强弱。以写作教学为例,教师教学以如何套用固定句式为主,极少让学生自我思考和写作发挥。这种应试化写作影响了学生的思维,阻碍了学生思维能力的培养,导致目前大部分学生写作时,仅仅停留在翻译、理解等层次较低的思维模式上,不仅使学生思考创造能力受到阻碍,而且导致学生懒惰、思考困难、厌倦,造成厌恶和害怕写作的负担。此外,应试考试中的写作,只需通过添加必要的细节,补全省略的成分,运用一些高级的词汇及正确无误的语句就可完成作文。这样的缺少思辨能力的应试思维从中学带入大学,一面对突然开始变化且难度增加的文体写作要求,学生自然不知所措。除此之外,阅读对于思辨能力的提升有着不可忽视的作用,一些学生阅读量偏少且缺乏主动性,导致写作时的思考表达能力欠缺。

(四)语法知识欠缺

总的看来,造成学生语法知识薄弱的成因有以下几点:一是未能完全理解透彻语法规则。例如,英语有一般过去时、现在完成时等时态,多数情况下学生需要根据句子的整体情况分析进行变化时态。许多情况下学生可能由于语法混乱,导致写作时时态的错误层出不穷。二是学习和考试时语法规则不同。学习时,语法知识点多半是知识点输出并伴随一些例句的讲解;考试时,语法知识点需要在实际语境当中运用,需要考生对语法知识有着非常充分的了解和熟知。三是语法规则有特殊的情况存在。比如以英语中动词的过去式转化为例。动词碰撞“hit”的过去式和过去分词都为“hit”;动词建造“build”的过去式和过去分词都为“built”;误解“mistake”的过去式为“mistook”而过去分词则是“mistaken”。所以语法的规则存在特殊性。四是语法难记难背的问题。语法对于学生来说略显枯燥乏味,需要学生花费大量的时间和精力一一攻克,导致不少学生迈不出学习语法的第一步。

四、解决方案

(一)重视并巧妙词汇积累

死记硬背、照本宣科的方法并不适合我们增加写作的词汇量,重要的是理解和熟练运用词汇。词根是一个单词的核心,表示了单词的基本意思,词根与前后缀相结合组成了一个个单词,我们需要结合词根加联想记忆,全方位解读和熟记单词。词根加联想记忆可以帮助我们最大限度地提升单词记忆的趣味性和成就感,高效掌握四六级词汇。另外,在当今信息发达的时代,手机、电脑等为我们生活提供了相当大的便利,我们应该好好运用这个时代给我们的便利,通过手机上各种各样背诵单词和提升英语的App,合理利用空闲时间,不用携带重的书本,只需一部手机便能够学习英语。当然我认为最重要的一点是高效的方法结合自觉性,所谓不积跬步无以至千里,步步为营才能稳扎稳打,没有量的累积,达不到我们想要的高度和目标。记忆单词本身就是一个水滴石穿的过程,只要坚持每天积累单词,并且经常温习回顾、查漏补缺,词汇量便会越积越多。

(二)拓展并结合阅读训练

阅读是写作的基础,勤奋地练习是提高阅读能力的好方法。古人云“熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟”,拓展并结合阅读训练同样可借鉴在英语写作上。阅读材料时可以采用泛读和精读的方法,精读是深入分析、理解和记忆,精确把握英语基础知识和运用规则,重在理解词汇、语法、表达习惯和英文思维方式。泛读是一种短时间内广泛地阅读涉及各种文章的读书方法,重在理解和掌握文章主要内容,积累词汇和习惯表达。扩展阅读积累是长期输入、有效积累的过程。提高四六级英语写作能力,不仅需要有针对性地泛读各种读物,而且需要针对性地对重点进行精读。将长期的日积月累吸纳为自身的想法,加以阅读训练后,最终目的还是提高文字表达能力,即写作输出。只要坚持采用正确的阅读方式,培养阅读兴趣,提高阅读量,从中积累词汇,并且能够养成良好的阅读习惯,写作能力就会随之提高。

(三)强化和巩固语法知识

首先,我们可以借助语法书或者语法资料,将混乱的语法知识重新梳理一遍,使语法在我们脑海中呈现的方式更加井井有条,结构更加清晰,框架更加完整。其次,我们需要多做练习,培养语感,对症下药,一步一步将自己的语法知识补充完整,在发现并订正语法错误的同时巩固和加强语法知识。另外,可以通过多篇文章对句子进行语法分析。在不断的练习下,语法知识不断积累,在写作中分析句子的基本成分时更加得心应手。最后,当遇到对语法知识点有疑问的时候,还可以寻求老师的帮助,在老师的耐心讲解下进一步理解并且领悟语法知识。

(四)分析并借鉴考级范文

分析和借鉴范文,并进行自我总结积累是提高写作水平的一个好方法。英语四六级写作包含图表作文、议论文及应用文等体裁,考查考试的思维逻辑分析能力及语言水平。当我们参考范文的时候可以多观察思维逻辑是否清晰、论点是否富含新意及语法表达是否清晰,然后根据总结的经验进行写作。经常阅读与分析四六级各类范文,不断地提升写作规范,可以实现以读促写,在不知不觉中学习语言表达并改善中式英语问题。英语写作能力的提高并非一时半刻之事,而是一个长远的、艰辛的、循序渐进的过程。首先,可以借鉴多样化的写作类型及多样性的写作范文。在写作类型上,可以是对立观点类型的提纲式作文,也可以说明原因类型;可以仿写范文,也可以改写范文;可以写拓展训练发散思维,也可以写提纲训练谋篇布局……从写作上而言,可以借鉴四六级历年的真题作文,也可以借鉴好的高分作文范文。其次,可以每天写一篇英文日记,记录自己一天中所经历的事情和遇到的新单词新语法。

(五)培养与提升写作兴趣

培养写作兴趣,提升写作的积极性是写好作文的前提。学生写作水平在低水平徘徊,从实质上说就是写作興趣丧失造成的。从教学出发,英语四六级写作需围绕主题进行,课堂上教师可根据教材内容制定主题,激励学生在课堂上表述与主题相关内容,营造轻松的课堂氛围。从学生角度出发,首先需端正目标和态度。即,学习是自己的事情,学习积极性就会有所提升。其次不拘形式地随想随写。被誉为写作圣经On Writing Well的作者William说:“学习写作的唯一方法是强迫自己定期写出一定数量的单词。”当我们浏览文章或者新闻时,可以尝试用英文将共鸣或想法写下来。最后可以尝试多样化写作方法。例如可以和朋友做个游戏,每人给出首字母相同的若干单词,例如cat, classroom, catch,cause等,根据这些单词联想场景进行写作,这样的写作毫无压力且过程有趣。

五、结语

从四六级作文现状和成因来看,学生的写作水平仍然存有较大的进步空间。我们可以根据写作中的相关问题对症下药,慢慢完善教与学之不足,并结合一些有效的方法提高学生的词汇、逻辑、阅读和语法等能力,最终写作能力得到有效提升。当然,写作水平的提升不是一蹴而成的,学生应注重培养在写作方面的兴趣,并加强基础写作知识的积累,最大限度地有效提高写作能力。

参考文献:

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[2]卢有余.大学生英语四、六级写作中存在的问题及提高策略[J].赤峰学院学报(汉文哲学社会科学版),2009,30(08):156-157.

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作者:陈露雅 陈白颖

第2篇:大学英语四\六级短文写作示例讲解(下)

根据教学要求,大学四、六级考生应“能用常见的应用文体完成一般的写作任务”,并“能在一般或应用写作中使用恰当的写作技能”。虽然对六级考生还提出能写英文摘要、报告及论文,并能描写各种图表的较高要求,但到目前为止,四、六级考试的题型基本一致,可归纳为:说明文、议论文、应用文和图表作文。其试题形式主要是在英文指令中给出写作题目及要求,并用中文列出提纲或提示。

作者:孙艺之

第3篇:大学英语四\六级短文写作示例讲解(上)

为了培养学生英语的实际应用能力,大学英语四、六级教学大纲要求考生在通过四级英语时应能掌握4500个单词,其中积极词汇为2000个。而通过六级考试则应掌握5500个单词,积极词汇为2500个。

作者:孙艺之

第4篇:英语六级写作

It Necessary for a College Student to Own a Mobile Phone?

China is becoming a country with the biggest population of mobile phone subscribers and an increasing number of college students are joining the existing users. Statistics show that eight out of ten college students have got one. However, is it necessary for a college student to own a mobile phone?

In my opinion, there is nothing wrong for a college student to have a cell phone. With it, students will be better connected with friends and parents. What’s more, mobile phones play an important role in graduates’ job-hunting. Therefore, instead of banning the use mobile phones, schools should take measures to guide an appropriate use of them on campus. For example, students are required to switch off their phones in classsrooms and under no circumstances should they use a mobile phone during exams. In some public places, like libraries, a poster can be placed at the entrance to alert library users to switch their phones to vibration mode before they enter the library.

I believe mobile phones can bring benefits to our students as long as we can make good use of them.

Idle Young, Needy Old

This is an aged saying, but the truth in it is universal: if you do not work when you are young, you will live a miserable life when old. No one can deny it, for it is self-evident. The ancients realized this in the early time and the saying has passed on, but unfortunately, nowadays many people still turn a deaf ear to it. We can see from time to time teenagers engrossed in playing Internet games all night along, who do not care if these games do harm to both their body and their soul. More often than not, the harm becomes a hazard, and killings of the teenagers’ peers are not once in the press. Some of these kids were once excellent in their study, but do not have a good ending. There is another group of students, especially college students, who pay no attention to their majors and other knowledge, but only idle away, thinking that they have a lot of time in hand and the purpose to go to college is just to get a diploma without much effort. Such people must suffer hardship in the near future, let alone when they are old.

We all should keep in mind “Idle young, needy old”, and exert our efforts to make our due contribution to society.

A Poster

We, English Club, are recruiting new members. Those with a keen love for English may join us on the great trip of indulging in the world of English.

English Club is a 20-years-old student-run organization in our school, which has enjoyed great popularity among students over so many years. It is established to provide an environment for students with common interest in English speaking, writing and other related English areas. Our activities center around improving our members’ English skills and promoting friendship and fun among our members. The Club is most famed its traditional activity-English Corner held every Thursday, where English lovers gather together, making friends, exchanging ideas and most importantly improving their spoken English. We also play classical English movies free of charge to our members, and put on English dramas acted by our members, just to name a few. Come and join us if you have an interest in English studies and want to have fun as well. Interested students please call 2233567 or send an email to English . And 100 RMB membership fee is needed.

A Letter to the Local Government

Dear mayor,

I’m writing to tell you a serious phenomenon near my campus: there are a big number of Internet cafes near the campus, most of open to teenagers.

In those cafes, most school kids play Internet games or chat on QQ or MSN, or even visit some porn websites. Some underage Internet addicts turn to the visual world for fun and gradually are unwilling to face reality, which has a bad effect on their studies and health.

As I know, the minors are not allowed in Internet cafes. In order to keep the under-18 crowd away from Internet cafes, identity cards are required to get in. However, many Internet cafes are not strict with the policy because of the profit motive. So many teenagers are still sneaking in, with the majority of the young people developing addiction there, In my opinion, there should be better supervision of Internet cafes. Those that open to teenagers should be severely punished—even shut down.

Thank you for taking time from your tight schedule to read my words. I sincerely hope this letter may draw you attention to the seriousness of the problem.

Earnestly Yours,

Jane

On College Students’ Renting Houses off Campus

According to a recent survey, 18.7 percent of college students now live in their rented “homes” off campus instead of the assigned dormitories on campus. They say, in their own small kingdom, they are enjoying more freedom they deserve as grown-ups. It is estimated that another 4.8percent undergraduates are thinking of joining them.

It is undeniable that many dormitories are far from being satisfactory—small, shabby, noisy, stuffy in summer and freezing in winter. But the merits of living on campus outweight its demerits: by sharing a room with others, one learn how to understand, compromise with and help each other as well as how to live a regular life. Through more communication, one is better informed and thus enjoys more opportunities. Besides, a lot of educational facilities are near at hand and the accommodation fee is much lower than the monthly rent. Sure, if you rent a well-furnished room, you may live more comfortably and enjoy more freedom, but you are often lonely and insecure for lack of companions, and sometimes you might abuse your freedom.

So, move back to the dormitory. Maybe the conditions are not desirable, but it is real college life, and it is rewarding!

A Letter to A Laid-off Acquaintance

My dear aunt,

I’m greatly surprised and sad to hear that you’re laid off. But please don’t worry too much. AII roads lead to Rome. I believe we will find a way out.

I remember when I was a child, I had so many colorful and comfortable sweaters that I became my friends’ envy. Those were all your masterpieces. A survey I made recently in the city where I’m living now shows that unique hand-knitted things are much more welcome thanready-made clothes. Would you think about taking up knitting as your second career? I know all things are difficult before they are easy. We will meet some unexpected difficulties in the beginning. But I firmly believe that nothing is impossible to a willing heart. Maybe your products will turn out to be a name brand.

My dear aunt, please do think about it. I’ll lend you a hand when you need my help. Take care and cheer up!

Your dearest niece

第5篇:六级写作素材

六级写作素材素材一:Technology

﹢Technology helps to

the increase/enhance/promote

efficiency in people’s study and work, making our/their activities more economical and less time-consuming.

﹣The youngsters are more likely to/tend to/ incline to be overly dependent on technology, even getting addicted to it.

﹣Technology could make/render city-dwellers slaves to high

technology, alienating people from one another.

﹣Technology deprives the citizens of fresh air and the comfortable pace of life.

素材二:Mind, soul

﹢enable the students to grasp their subjects better, helping them to broaden their horizons.

﹢relax their bodies and ease the minds.

﹣The citizens are more likely to be monotonous and un-motivating.

﹣The youngsters might even suffer from mental diseases/illnesses, such as depression.

素材三:Society

﹢promote the development of society

﹢keep the society safe and stable ﹣increase the already high crime rate

素材四:Environment

﹣The proliferation of non-biodegradable rubbish(such as disposable plastic bags)poses a

threat to environment and humanity.

how We should not develop economy at the expense of environment.

素材五:Employment, competition ﹢create more job opportunities

﹢enable the students to find jobs more easily

﹣The competition in modern society is increasingly fierce, which alienates the city-dwellers from one another and makes them cold and cruel.

素材六:Culture globalization ﹢It is manifest that globalization can bring numerous benefits to human.

﹢promote/enhance the cultural communication and interaction between people from different countries/ethnic minority.

﹣create tension and conflicts between…

素材七:Money(egoism←→altruism)

﹣Youngsters today tend to be

money-oriented and are likely to fall prey to materialism and egoism.

﹣It is wrong to equate happiness with making more money and living in a spacious house.

第6篇:六级写作要点

写作常见错误综述

1.缺少标题;相对于作文长短来说标题太大,应该根据文章的主要内容缩小标题;标题的大小写不规范.

作文的标题中的首尾单词的第一个字母要大写,另外,中间出现的单词中,除冠词,连词(and, or, but, nor, for),短的介词和不定式的to要小写外,其它词要大写:

my first visit to the palace museum

the people without a country

rules to abide by

dickens and david copperfield

what can the artist do in the world of today?

what reform means to china

the myth of a “negro literature”

the English-speaking people in Quebec

My First Visit to the Palace Museum The People Without a Country

Rules to Abide By

Dickens and David Copperfield

What Can the Artist Do in the World of Today?

What Reform Means to China

The Myth of a “Negro Literature”

The English-Speaking People in Quebec

2. 段落开头空格不规范,应该空四至五个字母的距离;

文章要分段,不能全文只有一或两段,一般要有至少三段,而且开头结尾段不宜太长,一般各部分不超过四句话。

3. 除去开头结尾一般就应该是文章的中心部分,这部分的内容不能太少。这部分的内容从字数上应该至少超过开头结尾的总和。而且,从语言形式上看,要把这部分内容分成几部分且用关联词语进行连接,使这部分从形式上看条理清楚。

中心部分的内容也要意思上是相互联系的,如先写重要的,再写次要的;或先一方面再写另一方面。

4. 不论议论文写什么内容,请记住只要写一个中心观点。可以开头段或结尾段亮明你的观点。

但文章中所有内容都应该为这个中心观点服务,不论是证明中心观点的次观点,还是举例,请紧紧围绕你的观点写作文。

5. 因为是议论文,文章的目的是说服文章读者认同你的观点,所以文章要客观,有说服力。为此,要避免主观偏激的议论,举出有说服力的事例或数据,引用名言,做出合理的分析讨论。

5. 因为是议论文,文章的目的是说服文章读者认同你的观点,所以文章要客观,有说服力。为此,要避免主观偏激的议论,举出有说服力的事例或数据,引用名言,做出合理的分析讨论。

6. 书写潦草会影响你的得分。单词拼写错误也常常出现,建议多查字典,考试中对那些没把握的词尽量不用。句子的语法错误也不少,对此要学好语法,也可通过多练笔请别人改的方法提高。有些表达令人费解,建议写作完成后尝试以一个读者的身份给自己的作文挑刺。

7.文章的开头是非常重要的,这是文章的引子。作为读者, 会从开头段传递出来的信息来对下文的内容有一个合理期待, 如果与期待不符, 会让读者觉得文章写作很不紧凑。

8要提高写作不是一朝一夕能做到的,需要下工夫。可以通过多写作文,多看范文或多背范文,学习写作知识来提高写作。平时多背一些好的句型,并能在说的时候尽量用上,多做翻译练习(口头的可节省时间,笔头能进行细致分析)对提高写作也很有帮助。

写作如何开篇

以校园内或社会上的某种现象或趋势作为文章的引子来开篇 1) With the steady growth in the country’s economy as well as the people’s living standards, ….

2) With the rapid improvement in …/ growing awareness of …, more and more …/ sth…

(e.g. With the considerable improvement in building industry, more and more structures are being erected to set the people’s minds at ease.)

3) Recently, sth./the problem of …has been brought to popular attention/ has become the focus of public concern.

(e.g. Recently, the problem of unemployment has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the agenda as the first matter.)

4) One of the universal issues we are faced with/ that cause increasing concern is that …

(e.g. One of the universal issues that draw (cause) growing concern is whether it is wise of man to have invented the automobile.)

5) In the past few years, there has been a boom/sharp growth/decline in…

(e.g. In the past ten years, there has been a sharp decline in the number of species.)

6) Nowadays, more/most important/dangerous for our society is …

(e.g. Nowadays, most dangerous for our society is the tendency to take advantage of each other in political circles.)

(过渡句)

1) To prevent this phenomenon/trend from worsening/running wide/To guide the matter/situation to the best advantage, it is necessary/important to …

2) In the face of …some people take the position that …/some people come to believe that …, to which I can’t attach/add my consent.

In the face of …people retain/take/show/assume different attitudes/positions/standpoints.

3) But many people feel puzzled about/ perplexed at…

2 图表常用开篇语

1) As can be seen form the table above, some changes in …have taken place over the period from… to ….

(e.g. As can be seen form the table above, some changes in people’s diet have taken place over the period from 1986 to 1990.)

2) According to the information given in the table/graph, we can find that…

3) As can be seen from the table/graph/figure, there is a marked increase/decline/favorable (an unfavorable) change in …

 4) As we can see from the table/graph/figure above, drastic/considerable/great changes have taken place in …over the period of time form … to…

(过渡句)

1)To get a sense of how …we must turn first to causes for it. 2) This is a (n) favorable/unfavorable/unhealthy/

essential/marked/grateful change/tendency/

situation, but factors/causes/reasons for it are not hard to find. 3)The progress/improvement/change(s) in …is (are) really tremendous/remarkable/marvelous, so it is necessary to understand what has caused it (them).

3)反衬法:从事物的对立面出发,引出思考。

e.g. As modern cities have been brought into rapid development, more and more of vegetation is going out of urban life. Trees are being pulled down to make room for high-rise office buildings, and industrial pollution makes it harder for the rest of greenery to survive among the forest of apartment structures. This is a situation worth improving, as vegetation is as essential to health as fresh air to life in big cities.

 1) The current situation of …, if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that…

(e.g. The current situation of our reforms in political structure, if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that much of the achievement is far from satisfactory. For example, …)

(过渡句)

1) This situation/phenomenon/trend/tendency is rather distressing/ disturbing/depressing/heart-rending, for the opposite of it is just in line with our wishes/just what is to be expected.

2) This is what we are unwilling to see, so some way must be found

out to …

3) Fortunately, however, more and more people come/begin to realize that…

4) Unfortunately, things have worsened/come/developed to the point where…

4.直入法

Everyone would agree that, although our age entirely overshadows all previous ages in means of obtaining knowledge, reading still takes its leading role in all senses. But agreement ceases as soon as they attempt to determine how to read more profitably, upon which views vary from person to person. 1) To sb.’s mind/In sb.’s eye(s), sth. seems/means…

2) No one would deny that…

Or: Everyone would agree that…

(过渡句)

1) If we take a further/closer look at this problem/matter, however, more secrets/grounds/chances/ways will be found out for … 2) If you push the analysis/study/

argument/comparison/exposure further, you will see that…

5.让步法:先承认其好的一面,再转而讨论其不好的一面。 1) The birth/invention of …has made an enormous/essential difference to …But it does not mean that…

(e.g. The birth of the computer has made a radical difference to the human progress. But it does not mean that this wonder does no threat to our society.)

2) Sth. has changed the way of our society develops,…. But its bright side should not keep us from following closely its dark side.

3) No/Little doubt that… But…

(e.g. Little doubt that the traditional schooling has contributed much to our social development. … But some grave defects in it begin to stand out against the modern times.)

 6.设问法:如题就是一问题,可用此方法

Title: On Youth

What does “youth” mean?.....

1) What is the best definition for …?

2) How/Why does sth. affect our life?

7. 情景法:设计情景,再引出讨论。

1)Suppose/Imagine that …/Let’s suppose/assume/imagine (that)…

(e.g. Suppose, by any chance, you heartily disagree with anything that is going on about you, you are less likely to stay on the good side of people around you.)

2) We often find ourselves caught/involved in a dilemma whether…

(e.g. We often find ourselves caught in a dilemma whether we should reach for the bear’s paw or for the shark’s fin/whether to reach for…)

(过渡句)

1) In that case, however, I prefer to … rather than…

2) When exposed to/subject to the same conditions/challenge/choice, however, different people tend to behave in different ways.

8) 引言法:引用名言,不可用直接引语,可自己造名言,只要能说得通。

1) One of the great sociologists/psychologists once said that(e.g. One of the great sociologists once said that society affects human character as vitally as the clothes one wears, the food one eats and the friends one involves himself with.)

(过渡句)

1) If this is true/the case, what accounts for such an issue:

2) His voice arouses echoes among people of insight, who have come up with some practical measures.

第7篇:英语六级写作技巧

一、审题立意

大学英语六级作文的题型一般是标题作文、主题句作文或情景、图表作文等等,去年六级作文考试有书信和记叙文,但基本都属于命题作文范畴。对于命题作文,审题立意是写好作文至关重要的一步。所谓审题,就是要看清题意,确定文章的中心思想和主题,并围绕中心思想组织材料。也就是通过分析作文题给出的标题、主题旬或情景,找出关键词或中心词,明确写作要求,是写哪方面的内容,既包括题材上的要求,也包括体裁上的要求。如果不审题就随便下笔,想一句写一句,内容离题,即使再好的再华丽的再精心构思的词句表达也无济于事。另一方面,六级写作的目的是测试学生用英语书面表达思想的初步能力,并不是测试你母语创作能力,而且为了便于作文评卷有一尽量统一的标准,出题方式无论怎样变化,六级作文都可以归纳为三段式,有的甚至给出三段的段首句。其目的就是让学生们在统一主题下的写作要点、思维和方式尽可能地同一化和统一化。鉴于此,我们应清楚六级写作没有太大的自由发挥空间。在构思段落之前一定要仔细斟酌标题、主题句和段首字,找出关键词从而确定写作的方向和范围,而且还应记住要尽量缩小这个范围,不能脱离要求任意展开,那样属于跑题。

二、段落构思

文章的段落,是文章的基本组成部分,一篇好的文章需要精心的段落构思和合理的段落安排,根据不同的题材确定不同的段落写作顺序。六级作文从结构上看,一般由三部分组成:引言部分(introductory part;展开部分(bodypart);结尾部分(ending part),而且每段往往只有一个主题,段中各支持句围绕明确的主题,层层展开论证并服务于主题句。整篇文章也是层层推进,环环相扣,条理分明,完整统一。下面进一步说明每一部分的具体写作技巧与要求:

引言部分 introductory part

文章开头很重要,关系到全篇文章,一定要认真考虑好如何写好第一句。一般紧扣主题,开门见山,直接入题。如果已给出段首句,则要考虑如何跟开头连接好。在实际写作中,主要有以下几种开头方式。

定义法。即用一句话或几句话来解放说明题中的关键词,给出关键词的定义。多用于给出一简单题目的标题作文。直接切入主题。也就是直截了当地揭示文章的主题或写作原由,如已给出每一段的中文提示,可直接翻译提示中每一段的中心思想,作为开头。

提问法。用疑问句或设问句开头,紧接着提出自己对这个问题的看法或直接点明主题,这种方法如果使用得当,能够激起读者往下读的兴趣,以便找出答案。以故事背景开头,交待时间、地点、人物及背景,然后在这个背景下引出正文。这种方法多用于记叙文,使读者一开始就产生鲜明视觉形象。引用法。即引用名人名言或谚语等作为文章的开头,指出阅读的内容范围。

主题部分 body part

篇章写作不仅应层次清楚,而且主次也要分明i任何文章都有主体部分,即文章的精华部分。学生在这部分的写作错误五花八门,或者段落内容缺乏统一性,或者句与句之间缺少连贯性,层次混乱,信息的表达经常是跳跃式的想到什么写什么,内容空洞,言之无物,缺乏严密的逻辑性。针对这些错误,写主体段应注意以下几点要求。要紧扣开头段提出的主题思想,突出中心。围绕主题句用一组意思连贯而且完整的句子展开文章,切记各展开句是能起到说明、支持或阐述主题的句子并服务于主题,全文保持统一性,也就是我们通常所说的“切题”。主体段取材必须精练典型,系统而完整。根据内容需要和字数的规定,确定要点的详与略后,选择正确的、典型的、具有说服力的事实、例子、数据和论据等说明解释并扩充主题。主体段要与开头段和结尾段有内在的必然归宿,要顺其自然地过渡,使用好承上启下的连接词或句子,防止突然转折。另外,主体段的句与句之间也要逐步展开,通顺连贯,符合一定的逻辑关系。星火教育网

结尾部分 ending part

文章如何结尾关系到写作的成败。好的结尾不仅在形式上起到面龙点睛的效果,而且在内容上读者明其宗旨,解其寓意。一般结尾段的写法有以下几种;总结式,即在上文所述事实和论据的基础上,对全文进行归纳、总结得出结论,使读者对文章的主题或作者的观点有个更完整而清晰的理解。首尾呼应式,即对引言段所提出的同题给出解决方案,作到首尾呼应,主题突出,结构匀称,使读者对提出的问题有了明确的答案。提问式,这种结尾形式可以引起读者的思考。并起到强调主题的作用。展望式,也就是要提出作者的希望、号召或表示信心和决心,使读者受鼓舞。引语式,引用名人名言,谚语俗语做文章的结尾,使文章更具说服力。

第8篇:英语六级写作素材

该不该禁止鞭炮? 无可否认,放鞭炮在中国一直是个有争议的话题。在这个问题上人们的意见分歧明显。一些持正面看法。他们说,这是一个古老的传统习俗,应予以保留。他们还声称,爆竹让节日和假日的场合更加丰富多彩,给大人和小孩都带来快乐。没有鞭炮,节日将变得乏味和冷清。

另一些人则持相反的看法。他们认为应该禁止放鞭炮。首先,他们指出,鞭炮造成火灾,毁坏财产,并且使燃放者和无辜的旁观者受伤。第二,他们说,鞭炮是一种金钱和资源的浪费。

就个人而言,我认为,我们不应该走极端。一方面,我们要保留燃放鞭炮的古老习俗,另一方面,我们应该让它变得无害。可以通过禁止在公共场所燃放鞭炮做到这一点。此外,放鞭炮应限于节日。

假冒伪劣商品之我见 人们都注意到,假冒商品已成为我们面临的一个严重的问题。假冒伪劣商品充斥着市场。环顾四周,我们可以发现例子不胜枚举:盗版的书籍和电影,质量低劣的食品和饮料等。如果我们继续漠视假冒伪劣商品,它们必将产生严重的后果。首先,它们直接侵害消费者的权益,浪费他们的金钱,威胁他们的健康甚至生命。此外,生产和销售假冒商品造成诚实合法的生产者的严重损失。最后但并非最不重要的,销毁假冒商品是对国家资源的严重浪费。鉴于这个问题的严重性,必须采取有效措施,防止情况恶化。首先,至关重要的是,制定和执行法律和规则,以禁止假冒伪劣商品的生产和流通。其次,市民要增强意识,识别和拒绝不合标准的商品。有了适当的法律和公众的警觉,消除假冒伪劣商品将只是一个时间问题。 / 随着这些措施的采取,我们就有理由相信,这一问题将在不久的将来得到解决。

欲速则不达

一句著名的谚语说“欲速则不达”,意思是人们应该一步一步地做每件事。如果我们急于求成,而忽略了过程中的重要阶段,那么即使是简单的操作,很容易被搞砸。在任何工作开始之前都应该做好充分准备。

环顾四周,我们可以发现例子不胜枚举。最好的例子可能是英语学习。如果对发音没有一个好的掌握,我们就不能期望以一种可以理解的方式说话。同样,如果我们不学会正确地拼写和把握基本的语法,我们绝不会写出好的作文。

(事实上,历史上有很多欲速则不达的例子。有一则著名的中国寓言故事,说有一个农民曾试图帮助庄稼苗生长,就把它们往上拉,结果发现它们很快就死了。另一个例子是所谓的“大跃进”运动。1950年代和1960年代,中国人民是如此热衷于发展经济,他们采取了一些不恰当的措施,结果阻碍了经济的发展。)

(在这里,我想不到比我自己的经历更好的例子来证明这一谚语。我十一二岁的时候开始学骑车。由于急于骑得像别人一样好,我一开始就坐在车座上。可以想象到,我常常从车上掉下来。浪费了大量的时间后,我意识到,我应该一步一步地做。我试着站在踏板上滑行。然后我开始从大梁下骑车。最后,我成功了。)

总之,如果我们想在我们的学习、工作,或在我们生活的任何其他方面取得成就,奠定坚实的基础都是必不可少的。在每一步,都要审查已经取得的成就,评估未来的问题,然后再转到下一个步骤。记住,罗马不是一天建成的。

中国住房所有权的变化

从图表中可以看出,在过去50年中,中国的住房所有权有大幅度的变化。国有住房的比例从20世纪50年代的70%降至90年代的20%。在同一时期,私人住宅的比例从30%飙升至80%,

许多因素可以解释图表中的变化,但下面的几个是最关键的。首先,由于改革开放政策,我国经济在过去几十年中一直在以相当高的速度发展。因此,人们有更多的额外资金来改善他们的住房。其次,其他有关的国家政策和房地产业的繁荣为市民提供了更多的机会选择自己的住所。最后但并非最不重要的是,人们更加重视生活质量。因此,他们更多的人根据自己的喜好购买了房子。

总而言之,这一图表极好地表明了中国经济的发展和人民生活水平的不断提高。尽管在这一过程中也出现了一系列问题,但我们有理由相信,随着政府和公众采取有效措施,它们一定会在不久的将来得到解决。

求职信

2006年6月17日

亲爱的先生/女士,

我是看了2006年6月10日贵公司在《中国日报》上招聘口译员的广告给您写这封信的。随信附上我的简历,详细列明我的背景。

我相信我是这个职位的最佳人选。首先,我在中国最负盛名的语言学校 — 北京外国语大学学习了4年,这使我很好地掌握了英语技能。其次,在过去几年中我参与了很多社会活动,这有助于培养我的团队精神和创造力。此外,我还参加了口译培训课程,并获得了相关证书。最后但并非最不重要的的是,我做过兼职口译员,所以我对这份工作有很好的准备。

如果我有幸能得到这个职位,我会珍惜这个机会,尽一切努力做好工作。此外,如果你愿意提供给我面试的机会,我将非常感激。我感谢您在您方便时尽早回应。

感谢您考虑我的申请。

最好的问候。

此致

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