从大学英语四六级考试阅读项目的改革反思英语阅读教学
【摘要】大学英语四六级考试是全国高校英语人才(非英语专业)培养的标杆。四六级考试改革势必推动大学英语教学的改革。本文剖析了阅读项目的改革对大学英语阅读教学带来的影响。
【关键词】大学英语四六级改革 大学英语 阅读教学
纵观大学英语四六级考试几十年来的变革，可以看到国家对于大学生英语能力培养的目标在不断地改进与提高。与此同时，我们也欣喜地看到在四六级考试这一试金石的作用下，我国大学生英语能力也在不断的提高，而这些提高有赖于大学英语课堂教学的改革与改进。阅读理解是语言学习中最重要的基本技能之一，而阅读项目在整个考试中占相当大的比重。本文将专门讨论四六级阅读项目的改革与大学英语阅读教学改革之间的关系。
一、 大学英语四六级阅读项目改革 — 进一步明确突出阅读策略和技巧的重要性
经过多年的改革与变化，目前大学英语四六级考试中的阅读项目共分为三个部分：第一部分测试词汇理解，即选词填空(15选10);第二部分长篇阅读，此部分为最新题型，要求学生将10条句子与原文的某个段落一一对应。第三部分保留了经典题型，即仔细阅读或深度阅读。
分析阅读项目的三大题型，可清晰地看出国家对大学生英语阅读技能培养的目标越来越科学，越来越明确。第一部分不仅考核学生的单词量，还综合地考核了学生阅读、语法、语言分析、知识框架等多方面的知识与能力。第二部分作为最新题型，更是明确地提出要求学生既要具备基本的阅读技能和较快的阅读速度，又要有控制阅读速度的能力。第三部分作为经典题型，一如既往地要求学生具备扎实的语言基本功和宽广的知识面，并能熟练掌握各种阅读策略与技巧。总而言之，四六级改革为教师和学生们提供了明确的培养与学习目标，进一步地明确了阅读策略与技巧培养的重要性。
二、 从阅读题型的改革反思大学英语阅读教学
1.阅读策略意识的培养 — 理论知识的输入。传统的大学英语阅读教学模式通常将听说读写综合起来，缺乏系统的阅读理论输入，这让学生们阅读时始终停留在凭感觉和碰运气的水平上。一篇阅读文章做完后，讲不清为什么对，为什么错，更谈不上知道每道题在考察对单词的理解、句子的理解或是篇章大意的理解。与此同时，学生们并不知道正确的阅读方式与习惯，一边读，一边翻译，或一边读出声来等等不良阅读习惯广泛存在。对于四六级的阅读题型，并不清楚不同的题型要求掌握不同的阅读技巧与速度。这些情况足以说明阅读实践能力的薄弱是缺乏理论的支撑。
因此，大学英语阅读教学必须首先注重学生阅读策略的意识培养，要让学生明白阅读不是一个简单的读、然后做题的过程。要想达到四六级的要求，必须具备正确的阅读策略与技巧。因此，阅读教学的基础是教师对学生进行理论知识的系统辅导。让学生清楚地认识到要进行阅读，必须首先具有一定的词汇量和语法知识，但是这并不代表阅读就过了关;我们还需掌握一定的阅读方法和技巧，才能对原文有深刻的理解。特别是在阅读一些不大熟悉的材料时，阅读技巧就显得尤为重要。
2.阅读技巧的强化训练 — 理论与实践结合。在理论知识的系统输入和策略意识不断培养的基础之上，阅读应作为一门技能训练课，教师在课堂上应始终把阅读方法和技巧的训练作为重点。理论与实际的结合，才能让学生更好地掌握各种阅读技巧，提高阅读速度。
大学英语课程就阅读教材而言，分精读，泛读和快速阅读三种。这三种教材互为补充，为全面培养学生的阅读能力提供了保障。值得称道的是，近年来许多配套教材之间都能较好的将阅读技能训练相互结合起来，教师应充分地发挥教材的作用，将阅读理论和阅读练习有效地结合起来。强化训练技巧的同时，适时补充理论的指导，让学生有意识地运用阅读策略和技巧来阅读材料，而不是简单的机械式的阅读。
3.阅读教学课堂外的伸展。在以老师讲解为主的课堂上，很多学生完全处于一种被动的接受状态，未能真正参与到阅读之中。此外，阅读能力的提高有待于大量的输入和练习，有限的课堂教学无法满足这一要求。因而，教师还需进行角色转换，将课堂教学延伸到课外，从知识的传授者变成学生阅读实践的组织者、指导者和评价者。
在课外阅读活动中，教师不仅充当指导者的身份，还应成为有效的活动组织者，监督者和评价者。首先，对学生阅读实践活动要有明确具体的要求。如要求学生在规定时间内按个人兴趣选择阅读材料，阅读并书写阅读报告，并明确注明各项要求的细则。为了监督活动落实到位，可以安排定时进行分组讨论。对于学生在口头以及书面报告中出现的问题，教师也可做成适当的评价。教师的评价不仅能更好地鼓励学生表达个人感想与观点，还能引导学生学会从阅读中汲取有用的知识。
面对当今社会对英语实际能力的要求，大学英语四六级考试适时调整方向，为师生们提供了明确的学习目标。英语阅读能力是基础，阅读能力的提高有助于其他各项技能的发展。大学英语教学面临前所未有的挑战，教师应打破固有的教学传统，克服各种困难，充分利用各种资源指导学生提高英语的实际能力。
参考文献：
[1]束定方，庄智象.现代外语教学——理论、实践与方法[M].上海外语教育出版社，2002.
[2]吴红云，李守京，英语学习的理念和策略[M].中国广播电视出版社，2008.
[3]林露，高玉雪.解读大学英语四六级改革：试题难度明显加大[J].高等教育，2013.
作者：易芳
摘要：终身教育是当代全球教育领域具有较大影响的一种教育思潮。高等教育自学考试正是体现了终身教育这一基本特征，它是终身教育思想的表现形式;在高教自考面临普通高校扩招和各种开放教育挑战之际，笔者将探讨如何根据自考生的自身特色，采取行之有效的教学策略，以便提高自考生英语阅读的考试通过率。
关键词：自学考试;自主学习;教学策略;教育;能力
高等教育自学考试(以下简称自考)是我国教育制度的伟大创新，它是世界上规模最大、最能体现终身教育理念与学习型社会特点的教育形式之一，从诞生25年以来，自考已从单一的学历考试发展成多层次、多类型、多规格和多功能的教育考试制度，自学考试不仅为社会培养了大批合格人才，而且极大地激发了有志青年的学习热情，是我国高等教育宏观结构中不可缺少也是其他教育形式不可替代的重要教育形式。
一、自考的建立与内涵
高等教育自学考试创立于公元20世纪80年代，从诞生至今，累计有5000多万考生，1.8亿人次接受了自学考试教育，截止2010年，年均参加英语自学考试的专、本科学生约达50万人。自考是对自学者进行以学历考试为主的高等教育国家考试，是国家鼓励自学成才的学力检验制度，是个人自学、社会助学和国家考试相结合的社会化高等教育形式。自考虽以学历考试为主，但不仅仅局限于学历考试，它还是一种社会性、开放性、全民性的教育考试活动，俗称“没有围墙和限制的大学”。从其具有的特点看，它具有继续教育、终身教育的性质;从其实质和根本要求看，自考不仅是一种学历教育考试活动，也是一种继续教育，终身教育活动。
二、自考的目的与特点
高等教育自学考试以最大的开放性，广泛的适应性，极大的灵活性，自学方法和社会助学的多样性和投资少、效益高、见效快、自学为主、管理严格等特点，以及其所具有的严格的质量和良好的声誉，得到了社会的关注和认同。自考是以全社会为服务对象，继续教育为重点，兼顾高中毕业生或在校生，以职业教育为主题，通过与各类教育形式相互衔接，沟通，形成资源共享，优势互补的开放教育平台和高等教育立交桥，培养面向基层、生产第一线的职业型、应用型的实用人才。自考多年来受到广大学习者的青睐主要是其自身的特点：一是最大的开放性;二是广泛的适应性;三是极大的灵活性;四是自学方法和社会助学的多样性。这些特点，是自学考试制度赖以生存和发展的“法宝”，是普通高等学校不可比拟的，使自考具有了不可替代的作用。
三、自考的优劣分析
自学考试有着得天独厚的优势，它灵活性大、开放性强，国家投资少，社会效益大，成为推进我国高等教育大众化的有效途径之一。自学考试发展的优势主要体现如下：自考作为一个考试系统，又是考试制度--教考分离，严格、规范，具有公平的特点;专业设置多样性与市场性。专业、课程与教材得到及时调整，考试内容、科目和方式等不断完善;社会助学形势发展迅速与多样化。具体地讲：学习时间灵活，学生不受自身工作情况限制，学习方式千差万别。与此相对它具有如下四个劣势：定位较低，应试教育比较明显;社会助学师资不足，考试通过率低;管理不到位，赢利成为主要目标;全国各地发展不平衡。近年来，自考报考人数有所减少，原因有国家宏观教育政策(如高校扩招)的影响，也有自学考试不能适应我国经济与社会发展所带来的问题。目前存在的主要问题有：人才培养目标模糊、生源萎缩、自身制度的缺陷及毕业生缺乏竞争力。同时暴露出一些弊端：教材陈旧单一，教材改版前后内容基本一致;自考者学习方法不正确，大多存在自卑心理，自考生基础知识比较薄弱，他们感觉到与统招生的差别;自考助学机构的师资和硬件配套设施不完善。
四、自学考试与自主学习能力培养
高等教育自学考试是我国高等教育和成人教育的重要组成部分，也是我国全日制学校以外信誉最好的一种考试，是最严肃、最正规、最便宜的课外教育制度。在当今形势下，任何人都不可能在短暂的在校学习期间完全掌握未来所需的一切知识储备，因此，高等教育自学考试作为不断促进公民学习知识，完善发展的一种终身学习的新模式，在知识加速更新和信息爆炸性增长的时代应运而生，而个人自学是自学考试制度的逻辑起点和发展的基础。促进个人自学的健康发展是自学考试的目的和归宿。自学考试的一项重要的教育职能是提高自考生的个人自主学习能力。自学是一种自我导向学习，它强调个体学习的自主性、终身性和创造性，强调个体在整个学习活动过程中，自行确立学习目标，制定学习计划，寻找学习资源，选择学习策略，评价学习成果。据统计，一个受过正规教育的人一生中所掌握的知识，有20%—30%是在学校里获得的，而70%—80%是通过自学获取的。这就是说，在人才培养中，自学具有很高的价值。
五、因材施教，优化教学效果
英语自学考试与其他科目的自学考试和全日制学校的英语学生相比，有着自己的特点。目前参加自考的考生大部分是为了提高自己的职业能力，适应工作的需要。因此，提高学生的考试通过率乃是当务之急。
1.充分了解学生状况。近几年来，相当一部分自考生，主要是高考失利而选择自考助学机构的全日制本科自考学生，学生状况如下：①他们与统招本科生不同，基础知识比较薄弱;②通过学习会逐渐发现自己与统招本科生的差别，包括校园学习氛围及师资方面，这些方面让他们产生一种强烈的自卑感;③由于学习时间紧、任务重，考试不通过情况，会使他们对自身的学习能力产生怀疑，加重自卑心理。英语自考生往往半路辍学，失败有两个原因：一是不会自学;二是不能坚持。
2.采取行之有效的教学方法。鉴于笔者从事自考英语阅读教学多年，对教授自考阅读较有见解，仅以自考英语阅读教学为例，从两方面谈谈如何在教学中实施有效的教学实践活动。①教材方面。阅读是学生获得知识、积累词汇、熟悉句式、培养书面表达能力的重要途径，也是学生运用英语获取信息的重要渠道。在自考英语教学中，阅读必须从学生的实际出发，应该选择适合自考生水平的阅读材料，材料太难，学生难读，必然产生受挫感，久而久之，受挫感就变为气馁自卑，最后导致学生对英语阅读失去兴趣，甚至对自己失去信心。材料太容易，学生易懂，毫无挑战性，久而久之，学生对教师组织的阅读活动就会不屑一顾，也同样会失去兴趣。英语阅读上下两册共有40个单元，简单的有：How to Be a Successful Language Learner?和People and Colors，有一定难度的有：Learned Words and Popular Words和Why We Walk in Circles。在课堂教学中，教师在充分了解教材中阅读文章的难易程度的同时应采取循序渐进的教学方法，由易到难，让学生逐渐适应教材中阅读文章的难易程度，从而提高英语学习能力。与此同时，教师在教授教材文章之后，可以让学生根据自己的学习能力与学习水平选择难易度适中的材料来进行拓展阅读，以达到培养自主学习能力的目标。阅读材料内容多样性，形式上要变换体裁，内容上变换题材。英语阅读课文内容整体上分为三类：学习类，文化类和科学知识类，而仅仅这三类文章并不能满足学生们的职业需求。选择自考教育的学生大都以满足职业需求为目标，而课本上仅有的学习类，文化类和科学知识类的英语阅读文章并不能完全满足学生们的职业要求。因此，在教授教材文章，讲解语法点的同时，教师应鼓励学生根据自己的实际情况选择符合自己工作领域的文章来阅读。例如：会计专业的学生通过阅读金融经济类英语文章不仅可以提高自己的英语水平，更可以在自己的专业领域学习到更多的知识。阅读材料语言要真实规范。在教学过程中，教师应清楚地告知学生文章作者是如何规范地措辞与造句，让学生在正确理解文章大意的同时可以学习到标准的英语。与此同时，在学生自主学习的过程中，教师可以为学生提供素材与建议，让学生可以选择标准与规范的英语阅读材料进行学习。学生可以选择适合自己阅读水平的原版英文杂志与图书进行拓展阅读，以此提高自己的英语学习能力。从语言学习的角度讲，要培养良好的语感，必须阅读语言规范的文本，这样才能在大脑中形成正确的语言感受力，只有大脑中形成的语言潜规则是规范的、正确的、才有可能正确理解句意。②从学生考试方面。在宏观的教学原则指导下，在完成阅读教学任务中，不应忽视以下三个方面：通过课文教学使学生完整、准确地获取篇章信息，培养逻辑思维能力;扩大词汇量，巩固、拓宽并提升相应的综合语言应用技能;强化层次训练、培养和提高各种阅读技巧，促进提高快速阅读的效率。在自考英语阅读教学中，在笔者看来，首先，我们应该熟悉此考试的结构，以顺序排列：词汇结构，完形填空，阅读理解，单词拼写，单词形式填空，句子汉译英，段落英译汉。通过学生试卷反馈，我们得知：有60%的题与课本内容有关，那些不上课，不学习课本的人，靠撞大运是很难通过的，有书本比例的目的是逼着学习者回到课本上来，不去找“捷径”。同时，有相当一部分的试题是主观题，让学生用英文答，致使他们难以通过。另有一个考试通过率低的重要原因是缺乏学习毅力。校方管理欠佳，学生逃课去打工，屡次考试不通过导致信心不足，一部分同学半路辍学。例如本市一个工科学校中的继续教育学院招来的自考生，经过一年半的英语课学习，阅读二的通过率仅占20%，从而致使学生渐渐流失，逐年减少。因此，面对这些现状，教师在教学过程中，应该以课本教学为主，课外拓展为辅，让学生充分掌握好课本的基础知识后，根据自己的实际能力选择课外学习材料。中国有句俗话“台上一分钟，台下十年功”，适用于各个行当，一切有志者，需要安下心来学习。考试作为学生学习过程中的重要组成部分，发挥着检验学习效果、评价学业成绩的重要作用。笔者认为，学生为了通过考试，首先，需掌握如下科学的应对策略，如：制定复习计划，科学备考;调整心理状态，从容应考;开辟良好起点，实现应考价值。其次，选择正确学习道路，如：一定要树立一个科学、踏实的学习态度，不要投机取巧，学英语是需要下功夫的。认真学习课本，课下多复习，不去做大量客观试题，不要用考试代替学习，不要让学习工具代替学习本身，不要让高科技代替记忆，要用自己的头脑去学习英语。
综上所述，鉴于提高自考学生的考试通过率，首先，使学生掌握好个人自主学习策略：重视过程学习、考试大纲和学习方法;其次，对学生加强宣传教育培养工作，帮助他们树立正确的学习观，懂得自学规律和学习方法，提高自学能力，实现获得文凭的学习愿望;最后，使学生在自学考试体现终身教育理念引导下，一生充满信心、持之以恒、不断学习，充实知识，最大限度地实现个人人生价值。
参考文献：
[1]刘润清.英语教育自选集[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2007：15-16.
[2]黄斌，施生旭.高等教育自学考试培养模式发展创新研究[J].成人教育，2011，(6).
[3]皮红生.“自学”概念内涵辨析[J].四川师范大学学报，2006，(4).
[4]林正展.自学考试中的个人自学若干问题分析[J].教育与考试，2011，(1).
[5]张辉.自考生学习能力的培养与发展[A].成人教育，2006，(8).
[6]李欣.阅读的本质、目的及教学策略[B].基础英语教育，2010，(4).
[7]Phil Benson.Teaching and Researching Autonomy in Language Learning(自主性研究与教学)[M].外语教学与研究出版社，2007.
基金项目：本文属于天津市教育考试“十二五”科研规划课题“高等教学自学考试过程性评价研究”成果之一(编号：BE 2011001)
作者：牟慧中
【摘要】雅思与托福考试的阅读测试题型丰富多样，涵盖了从对多种单一技能到综合多种阅读技能的应用，乃至将阅读与听力、口语、写作的输入、输出相结合的考察手段，其先进性为英语专业阅读教学的开展、对阅读技能的训练方法提供了新思路。
【关键词】雅思;托福;阅读技能;阅读教学模式
英语专业的阅读课程，也称为泛读课程，是英语专业传统基础课程之一，其意义在于帮助学生养成良好的阅读习惯，掌握阅读方法与技巧，高质量地获取信息，扩大学生的知识面，加深对世界各国的了解，提高学生的文化素养与语言审美能力。课程教学的任务是通过阅读基础训练与篇章讲解与分析，使学生逐步提高其语言理解能力，掌握英语各种文体的行文及其特点。通过阅读不同题材、体裁的材料，使学生熟悉并深化对英语语言、文化的理解，并培养学生的英语语感和激发学生的阅读兴趣。
对于阅读课程的教学效果，往往是通过对阅读技能的考察来体现。在实际教学中，如何通过具体的教学方法将预期教学目标转化成学生的实际能力，往往是担任阅读课程教学的教师苦恼的问题。选用适合的教材不仅能够体现教学内容和教学方式，也能够使教育思想、观念、宗旨等转变为具体教育现实。对教材的选择，体现了任课教师对学生的指导方向，因此也对教学效果的实现起到了重要的作用。
在这方面，雅思与托福考试的检测模式为开展阅读教学的教师提供了新的教学思路。其在阅读能力方面的考核方式，与现行的为英语专业学生设置的TEM4和TEM8有较大区别。TEM 4和TEM 8的阅读测试部分测试题型以单一的四选一的客观选择形式呈现，这使得考生在答题遇到困难时往往选择猜题，即使不理解题目要求也有25%答对的几率，而放弃了尝试平日课堂学习中教师讲授的阅读技能。这样就使得平日阅读教学中训练学生的阅读技巧显得无用武之地，这对学生进行自主学习的信心造成了一定程度的负面影响，这种单一的检测模式无法适应不以应试为目的的自主学习需要，也无法有效地衡量学生的阅读水平。相较之下，雅思与托福考试的阅读题型对学习者技能应用能力考察得更为细致、明确，能够使答题者更清晰地意识到在完成任务要求时应使用的技巧。
应用阅读技巧在满足相对短时间内完成较大阅读量的应试要求时显得举足轻重，因此，在日常阅读课堂教学中，教师通常会分配一定时间给阅读技巧的讲授与训练。在众多技巧中，以寻读和略读两种尤为重要。然而，作为现行对英语专业学生语言水平进行测试的TEM4和TEM8，在阅读测试题型设计方面并没有突显出对阅读技能应用的重视。因此，雅思考试的阅读题型非常适合作为阅读教学中技能训练环节的辅助教材。
雅思考试学术类的阅读部分包含了是非判断题、配对题、选择题、简答题、完成句子、图表题、摘要填空题和为段落确定标题等八种题型。这八种题型分别要求考生在完成任务时有针对性地应用寻读与略读技能。其中是非判断题、配对题、简答题、完成句子、选择题以及图表题主要考察学生寻读技巧的应用，即在相对短的时间内找寻关键词，并通过关键词在文章中定位，最终通过逻辑判断来完成题目。完成这几种题型的阅读任务，需要学生同时运用所掌握的词汇与语法、句法知识，例如对拼写、意义、词性的记忆，意群、句型的判别与理解等等。对于英语专业基础阶段的低年级学生来说，以上几种题型不仅训练了阅读技能，同时也能起到巩固词汇、语法、句法等英语基础知识的作用。而雅思考试中摘要题和为段落确定标题这两个题型主要考查略读能力，这两个题目要求考生不仅具有较高的阅读速度，并且要在阅读过程中对信息进行筛选、提炼与归纳，要在阅读中过滤掉部分细节而重点把握阅读材料的结构框架。这两种题型综合考察了学习者的阅读水平，难度较大，更适合阅读能力较高的学生。同时，两种题型对于提炼、归纳能力与篇章结构框架分析能力的考察，弥补了学生以单纯增加阅读量或是文学欣赏为目的的自发性课外阅读的不足，也能够促进其写作水平的提高。
在整体把握文章结构、理解上下文关联方面能力的考察，托福考试体现得更为明显。托福考试中除设置有词义、句意理解推断等传统测试题型，還设置了根据语义关联插入句子，以及筛选句子、排列组成全文摘要的题型。考察了词汇、指代关系、句子插入、句意理解、修辞目的以及掌握总体结构等影响阅读水平的多个方面。此外，新托福网考中还将阅读能力的测试融合到了其口语部分和写作部分测试中。在口语和写作综合试题中都设置了先读再听再说或是再写的部分。完成此类综合任务既要读懂，也要听懂，还要能够进行或是口头或是书面的表达。在完成任务的过程中阅读能力、听力能力、口头表达能力和写作能力都得到了体现。这种综合语言能力测试的形式，为改变传统英语语言教学重输入、轻输出的模式提供了借鉴，正符合文秋芳就英语技能课程改革曾提出的“输出驱动假设”：第一，从心理语言学角度，输出比输入对外语能力发展的驱动力更大;第二，从外语教学角度，以输出为导向的综合教学法比单项技能训练法更富成效。因此，阅读课程的教学也应突显输入与输出密切结合的教学理念和教学方法，选择难度适合的材料，适当的进行读写与读听的结合训练。
雅思与托福考试作为对非英语母语人士英语综合语言能力的标准化测试，其在全球的公信力与推广范围足以说明其对语言应用能力评价的合理性。其先进性值得英语教学者研究、借鉴，并将测试材料结合教学内容与学生水平进行改编，扬长避短、为我所用。
参考文献：
[1]雅思考试官方网站.htttp: //www. ielts. Org.
[2]文秋芳. 输出驱动假设与英语专业技能课程改革[J].外语界, 2008.(2).
[3]邓忠. 论IELTS阅读测试对大学阶段英语阅读教学的指导性意义[J]. 西南民族大学学报, 2008. (4).
作者：郭旭东 门悦
叮嘱的是：
在做阅读题时，在不会做的情况下，建议尝试以下提供的技巧，即使自己做出的阅读题，也可以借鉴这些技巧进行参考。但有一点需要强调，技巧尽管经常有效，但最好不要机械的照搬，自己会做的尽量自己做。只有在不会做或拿不准的情况下充分利用这些技巧。为了使考生充分领悟，我结合历年的真题给演示。可以拿出真题进行核对。 之后再运用这些技巧把最近几次考试 拿出来做。
阅读，一般来说你得把文章读懂才能做题，但三级考试做题的关键不在于读文章，而在于分析题目。把题目分析好，再结合我后面说的这几条。
如果技巧运用的好，30分的阅读理解一般不会低于22分，加上后面的10分英译汉，一般得分30分以上不是很难指望的事，这样的话整个及格的分数就有了保障。 务必把握这点。
考试的难度总的来说要比正常英语考试容易得多，我为什么这样说呢，实际上它在题目设计时就已经充分考虑了这些学生的特点，有意识地从命题上把难度降低了。
从题型本身来讲，比如说第一个，很明显，没有写作。另外，从这几个题来看，比如说阅读，阅读里很少有难以回答的问题，就是那些所谓的绕弯的题就很少，一般来说，根据我们讲的做题技巧、办法，一般来说都能做出。整体说讲，15题里面每年当中难的也就一两个，其他的都可以做出，主要是看懂文章大体意思。这是一个。
阅读部分
步骤
一、 先通读文章 达到两个目的：
第一，对文章内容的把握。第二，有印象，看题目找答案时更容易找到答案。
二、看题目
要学会识别各种不同题型然后采取不同的应对策略
1. 主旨大意题 所占的比例偏多，阅读 15道题，每篇文章至少有一个主旨大意题，分布有特点，要么第一题要么第五题，所占比例差不多为三分之一。本次考试预计会占到40%的比例。
主旨大意题又分为两种：这篇文章谈论了点什么;用什么样的题目最合适
解题时要注意两个关键点：第
一、一定要把握文章的前两句话，主要信息点也往往会包含在前俩句话中。有时也可能是文章中的最后两句话。做到掐头去尾，尤其是要注重头。
第二、在做题过程中要通读文章，就是先把文章中的大意先了解，做到心中有数。
两者结合在一起，确定文章主旨大意题型就会没问题。
例如: 2012年11月真题 第5题 关于主旨大意 最适合的标题是什么 可以从文章的前俩句话中得出。
2. 细节题 要确定题目中的关键词 然后快速寻找文章中答案的位置。一定要注意题的题号和文章内容出现的先后顺序是一致的。
例如 2012.11 第三题 细节题
3. 正误判断题 (是特殊的细节题) 千万不要搞错是true还是not true 正误判断题所包含的面比较广，分布比较大，涉及的自然段比较多。
细节题和正误判断题本次考试占百分之四十到五十。
4. 词汇题
第一种是词的含义
第二种是指代( it that 指代什么内容 )
找到原文相对应的信息，有的一眼就能看出，有时可以将四个选项都代替一下，看看能否使文章通顺。
总之要先通读文章，获取文章整体意义，不要在细节上下功夫，再确定题目类型，然后采用不同的做题策略。
要注意几点：
一、先做简单有把握的题目，5个题目之间是存有内在关系的，先做容易的题目会使自己理解更加清晰，对做难题有帮助性。
二、阅读文章题材没有那么深刻，和日常生活社会相关，尤其是热点问题，具有很强的生活气息和时代感，要注意利用你的背景知识。例如，2010.05 第一题 利用常识很容易做出来。
三、把握文章的写作目的：1. 描述一种事实(周围所发生的事情)2. 劝说别人一种道理(做好事，符合道德规范)
四、有意识注意题目的长度，最长的题目包含的信息量最多，是答案的可能性也越大。
提醒：本次考试如果不出意外的话，没有推论题，
需要强调：一个基本的前提是英语水平。单靠做题那是不行的，给大家讲做题技巧只是为了在你原有的基础上提高你，而不会说给你做题技巧你就什么都不会就能把考试通过。那不可能，这个一定要有基础。相信大家在之前一个多月里听了系统强化班和龙老师讲基础性的光盘后，应该有这个基础。
另外一个，应该集中把精力放在前面三部分：阅读;词汇和语法;以及挑错。 在复习的时候一定要把重点放在前三项。
阅读，一般来说你得把文章读懂才能做题，但三级考试做题的关键不在于读文章，而在于分析题目。把题目分析好，然后再结合我后面说的这几条。
第一个，三级考试所承载的是阅读文章的内容，所以要求你在考试做题时一定要充分利用自己的百科和背景知识。二，这些文章无非就是两个目的，一个目的是教人向善，教人干好事，向正面方向发展。第二，传播知识而不是歪门邪道。为什么这个讲法呢，你在选项里面如果是违法了基本的伦理道德违法了常识性的东西，这个选项一般是错的。打个比方说，看这个08年11月份这个卷子，看第二篇文章关于吸烟，看这些题目甚至不用看文章根据常识都能做出题。
比如第6题，All the following cases are on-the-job smoking except that------. A. an employer smokes while working in the office B. a taxi driver smokes while driving the car C. a worker smokes while working in the workshop D. a worker smokes while reading in the train 就是说在工作时吸烟，所以的情况除了哪个是在工作时吸烟，那很简单是D 。其他的A一个老板在办公室吸烟，那肯定A是在工作时吸烟。B一个出租车司机在开车的时候吸烟，C一个工人在车间里吸烟，那都是在工作时吸烟。所以说，这个连文章都不用读。
同样的，
7、
8、
9、10都是一样的，9更可笑，Passive smoking means----- A. never-smokers take up the habit of smoking unwillingly B. never-smokers have to put up with the active smokers C. never-smokers take in smoke released by a lit cigarette D. never-smokers share an enclosed area with smokers 被动吸烟意味着，那肯定选D。
第10 题，in the second part of the passage, the author suggests banning(禁止)on-the-job smoking so as to------ A. cut down costs of medical care and insurance B. create a healthy and safe working environment C. prevent eye-irritation from becoming a big health problem D. improve the smoking employees’ work efficiency 工作时禁止吸烟它的目的是什么，那很简单，就是B创造一个健康安全的工作环境。就是说一定要充分利用常识。文章读不读谁都知道吸烟怎么样怎么样。这个呢，把问题分析好了后不用看文章都能做出题。
另外，我再讲个例子。09年4月份第5题，它问的是什么呢，最后一段的主旨大意是什么，
The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should---- A. differ from others in as many way as possible B. become popular with others C. find his real self D. rebel against his parent and the popularity wave 说青少年应该怎么样,D说青少年应该rebel against his parent and the popularity wave应该反叛他们的父母，这甚至是违反伦理的，哪有作者教孩子应该和人父母作对的，是不是?通常说和父母沟通但不能和父母作对，这个是违反伦理的。教人向善不可能是这个。再看A. differ from others in as many way as possible就是说要尽可能与众不同，怎么能说尽可能让青少年和别人不一样呢，是不是?事实上这些是违反人的基本常识和规律的。
再看第14个，第14个According to Eijkman, polished rice---- A. was cheaper than unpolished rice B. was less nourishing(有营养的)than unpolished rice C. was more nourishing than unpolished rice D. cured “beri-beri”
他如果懂得polished rice(粳米)他就不可能选A,谁都知道粳米比粗米要贵。类似于这样的东西一定要充分利用自己的常识。这是做题要注意的一点。要充分利用自己的百科和背景知识。
另外，要注意选项的长度。4个选项最长的那个是正确答案现在看来这个比例还是比较大的。不是100%。比如09年，08年的题好多属于这个情况，但也有意外，比如2012年11月的真题就不是这个情况。提到这点，不是让大家糊涂了，只是提醒大家一定不要一开始机械性的套用这些技巧，一定要在你犹豫不决或者不会的情况下考虑。
比如我们讲技巧是让大家认识到，我给你说这个是让你做题的成功可能性更高，而不是完全靠这个就把所有问题解决了。
09年4月的题看下，
1、
2、
6、
8、
9、14都是最长的选项是正确的。总共15个题占了6个。在选的时候长的这个要先考虑。08年的这个最长的选项是答案所占的比例非常高，占了近50%.
另外，表示极端的，基本上像含有only, no, every这些选项要慎选。再打个比方看着第3题，Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. There is no popularity that really counts. B. Many parents think that their children are challenging their authority. C. It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates. D. Most teenagers are actually doing the same. 一看就是A不对，为什么呢，因为它有no太绝对了。
再看第5个，A. differfrom others in as many way as possible这个也是太极端，一看就是不对的。
再看第8个，According to Paragraph 2, without computer------ A. human activities could not continue B. there could not be weather forecasting systems C. many activities would have to change their present form D. banks would not be able to go on with check clearing 看A. human activities could not continue人类行为不能进行。第二项，there could not be weather forecasting systems将会没有天气预报系统，这也是人的背景知识，表示极端的，为什么呢，没有计算机人就不活动了?没有计算机以前人不照样活动吗?同样，人没有计算机前就没有天气预报吗?D. banks would not be able to go on with check clearing说银行，银行早就有了，计算机才有多长时间的事?这个很容易把它排除了。
再看第9According to the passage, what results from the information of computers? A. After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs. B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts. C. The firm keeps all of its original staff members. D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activitie
其中A After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs.和C The firm keeps all of its original staff members.这种表述极端的一般都排除掉。
再看15题，The chemical substance missing from polished rice----- A. was vitamin B B. did not affect the chickens C. was named the Eijkman vitamin D. has never been accurately identified D. has never been accurately identified这个选项一看就是错的。
另外，如果有两个选项意义恰好相反，一般答案就在这里。 14题，According to Eijkman, polished rice---- A. was cheaper than unpolished rice B. was less nourishing(有营养的)than unpolished rice C. was more nourishing than unpolished rice D. cured “beri-beri”
B选项和C选项两个正好相反，这个里面一般来说答案就在这两个当中的一个。
08年11月也有类似这样的，看第6题，All the following cases are on-the-job smoking except that------. A. an employer smokes while working in the office B. a taxi driver smokes while driving the car C. a worker smokes while working in the workshop D. a worker smokes while reading in the train C和D 两个选项，一个 smokes while working，一个smokes while reading。像这个一般答案就在这里。我的意思就是一定要分析选项，分析题干。
我再选一个例子，09年4月第1题，第一题是主旨大意题，全文的主旨大意题，1. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to tell------ A. readers how to be popular with people around B. teenagers how to learn to make a decision for themselves C. parents how to control and guide their children D. people how to understand and respect each other 问作者的写作目的是为了告诉谁怎么样，这个题目你看文章是给谁写的，看第1段，At your age, you ought to be growing away from your parents.”you”.”your”是谁啊，就是青少年。所以说告诉谁，看A、B、C、D四个选项，从A readers, B. teenagers, C parents, D people这四个词判断出答案为B。因为它不是告诉读者的，也不是告诉父母的，也不是告诉人们的， 是告诉青少年的。
再看第2题，According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but in fact most of them------ A. have much difficulty understanding each other B. lack confidence C. dare not cope with any problems alone D. are very much afraid of getting lost 这个题前后的题干According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but in fact most of them------已经包含了答案。为什么说已经包含了答案呢，前半部分many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own，后面部分有了but in fact most of them，表转折，一转折，选项肯定和它相反的，哪一个和它相反呢，就是C， 别的都不行。A，大家相互理解有困难。C，没有信心。D，害怕走路走丢了。从题干不用读文章就知道是C。
然后再看到第3个，Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. There is no popularity that really counts. B. Many parents think that their children are challenging their authority. C. It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates. D. Most teenagers are actually doing the same. 我们刚才说了，一看到绝对的词A. no popularity是错误的，就是它。
看第5个，The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should---- A. differ from others in as many way as possible B. become popular with others C. find his real self D. rebel against his parent and the popularity wave A不对，D也肯定不对，就是在B和C两个选项中。
所以说研究题目题干也很重要。通过研究题干要干什么事情?第一个，先确定重点选项，看哪个最有可能。确定好题目类型。
接着看第6题，The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from---- A. the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introduction B. their use as part of automated production systems C. the least possible number of operators D. the production system in steelworkers 对电脑不友好的感觉来自于什么，这是题干。选项第1，最长的这个说因为有了计算机有可能导致大规模的失业，因为什么呢，计算机来了，它们可以干好多事情，这个从常识上来说这是个好事情，因为它们能干好多事情，人们能省力了，那干嘛要对它有不好的感情呢。C，the least possible number of operators，减少操作员，省人了为什么不好呢?B，their use as part of automated production systems，它们作为自动化生产系统的一部分。然后D又说在生产系统里的钢铁工人。为什么人们对它们不友好呢?因为它们把人的工作代替了，导致人失业。所以选A。
再看第8，According to Paragraph 2, without computer------ A. human activities could not continue B.there could not be weather forecasting systems C.many activities would have to change their present form D.banks would not be able to go on with check clearing 刚才我已经说了，A、B、D不合情理。说没有计算机人就不活动，没有计算机就没有天气预报，没有计算机银行就不工作了?那都不合理吧?所以说答案只能是C。
再看下面一题，第9题，According to the passage, what results from the information of computers? A. After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs. B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts. C. The firm keeps all of its original staff members. D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activities A和C 它怎么可能经过培训之后所有人都找到新的工作呢?“所有的”这样的词一般是不对。只有B和D有可能，但是呢，D又比B要长一点，根据经验我们会选D。
再看下面一篇，讲食物的，一看这篇文章，讲维他命。第11题A good mixed diet-------- A. normally contains enough vitamins B. still needs special provision of vitamins C. is suitable for losing weight D. is composed of fruits and vegetables 很快可把C和D排除掉，就剩下A和B.
再看12 The disease “beri-beri”------- A. kills large numbers of Eastern peoples B. is a vitamin deficiency(缺乏) disease C. is caused by diseased rice D. can be caught from diseased chickens 又是维他命的，B，其他连考都不考虑。它讲维他命的事吗，因为文章一开始就说”The vitamins necessary for a healthy body “.
下面一个13题说，The chickens Eijkman noticed in the hospital yard------ A. couldn’t digest the polished rice B. proved “beri-beri” is caused by germs C. were later cooked for the patients’ food D. were suffering from “beri-beri”
这些一个说它不能消化又说是因为病菌引起的，肯定不对，但这篇文章都是在讲维他命的。C项文章没提到，所以只能选D。 第14题，According to Eijkman, polished rice---- A. was cheaper than unpolished rice B. was less nourishing(有营养的)than unpolished rice C. was more nourishing than unpolished rice D. cured “beri-beri”
B和C这两个选项正好相反。其实我们如果知道粗米，原来大家不都知道这个事吗，米淘洗了以后缺少维生素，然后人得脚气。还记得吗?就这个事。这是人的常识，咱们都知道的。
下面15题，The chemical substance missing from polished rice----- A. was vitamin B B. did not affect the chickens C. was named the Eijkman vitamin D. has never been accurately identified 还是讲维他命的。根据我们常识说，得脚气就是因为维他命B。这个还用阅读文章吗?所以说做阅读题要研究题干，充分利用你的背景知识。
综合来说，做阅读理解，第一，浏览全文，搞清楚这篇文章讲什么，弄清文章意思。就像那个讲维他命的，搞清楚讲维他命缺乏就行了。
第二点，研读题目。仔细地研读题目再确定题干内容和重点。 你看08年11月第1题，Who first thought of using bullocks to provide energy? A. Indian energy officials B. Scientists in India. C. Officials in the United Nations. D. Researchers in European 它问谁先想到用它来提供能量，这个很容易知道是B嘛。下面一个2 Which kind of job that the bullocks do is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. pulling vehicles B. plowing fields C. pumping water out of wells D. carrying food baskets 实际上bullocks是一种动物，它提供能量，它提供这个能量干什么呀，看这4个选项，A拉运输工具，B耕地，C从井里取水，D背着食物筐。哪一个?哪一个需要能源?这个vehicles就是汽车呀，驱动汽车需不需要能源?耕地需不需要?从井里取水需不需要?都需要。就背食物它不需要。
第三题，Why are bullocks used to provide energy in India? A. because bullocks have long been used by Indian people. B. Because bullocks walk slowly and are easy to control. C. Because there are few non-working bullocks in India. D. Because there is not enough oil in India. 为什么在那里(印度)用bullocks提供能源?A因为这个小牛长期以来就被印度人使用，这个选项可以排除因为第一句话就说印度科学家发明了一个东西，发明的就不是原来的，对不对?B更不行，它说小牛走得慢控制也容易，那老牛不是走得更慢?C说在印度没有多少不工作的牛，这个完全不搭边。只有D，因为印度没有足够的石油，所以在没有足够石油的情况下只好用小牛。
第4题，In the sentence”This simple technology is centuries old” in paragraph one, “This simple technology” refers to---- A. using bullocks to produce energy B. using pumps to draw water out C. having bullocks walk around to make the pump move D. connecting gears of different sizes to produce electricity 这个简单的技术有几个世纪长了，这个“simple technology”指的什么呢?就是C，牛围着跑就是让它发电。
第5题，Which of the following is true about the device mentioned in the passage? A. It has a large gear and a smaller gear. B. It’s easy to use, but difficult to move. C. It’s quite cheap. D. It’s still being tested. 这个device就是那个发明，这个一看就是D。
第6题，All the following cases are on-the-job smoking except that------. A. an employer smokes while working in the office B. a taxi driver smokes while driving the car C. a worker smokes while working in the workshop D. a worker smokes while reading in the train 这个讲过的，C和D哪一个不是on-the-job smoking，A，雇主在办公室吸烟，B，出租车司机开车时吸烟，C，工人在车间吸烟。这几个都是工作时吸烟。
第7题，According to the passage, on-the-job smoking affects an empoyee’s performance in the office that----- A. he can’t concentrate on what he is doing while smoking B. he often goes away from his desk to smoke in the break-room C. he often asks for sick leave as a result of too much smoking D. he takes a rest from time to time because of eye irritation B项，他跑出去到休息室去吸烟这不就耽误了工作么。
第8题，Many managers do not seem to be in favor of on-the-job smoking mainly because it------- A. reduces productivity of the company to a certain degree B. does harm to the health of never-smokers of the company C. affects the relationship between smokers and non-smokers D. makes the break-rooms more crowded and more polluted 很多经理不赞成在工作时吸烟原因是A降低了公司的生产效率，其他的像B给不吸烟的人造成损害，C影响吸烟者和不吸烟者之间的关系，D让休息室更加拥挤，都不正确。从实际上看，老板就是关心员工是不是在干活。
第9题，Passive smoking means----- A. never-smokers take up the habit of smoking unwillingly B. never-smokers have to put up with the active smokers C. never-smokers take in smoke released by a lit cigarette D. never-smokers share an enclosed area with smokers 被动吸烟，这个答案为D，前面说过。
第10 题，in the second part of the passage, the author suggests banning(禁止)on-the-job smoking so as to------ A. cut down costs of medical care and insurance B. create a healthy and safe working environment C. prevent eye-irritation from becoming a big health problem D. improve the smoking employees’ work efficiency 工作时禁止吸烟它的目的是什么，那很简单，就是B创造一个健康安全的工作环境。
做题的步骤，题应该准备怎么做， 拿到卷子以后，首先通读文章，一定要弄清楚内容要点，以及内容要点之间的逻辑关系，
举个例子，2010年的第一篇文章，主要讲考古和历史的差别，考古和历史有什么区别?考古靠实物历史靠文献。考古靠一些硬的东西，比如骨头。血，肉，内脏都被细菌作用都腐烂了。紧接着讲了一个重要发现，英国有一个地方叫Lindow,发现保留完整罗马时期的尸体,肉被藏都被保留着，为什么会保留呢?因为那里是沼泽地，有水，细菌就不容易存活，尸体就保留下来了，所以说考生拿到题以后一定要把这节要点的逻辑关系搞清楚，理解之后在做题的时候就有几个基本判断，第一知道答案在哪，第二作者的基本观点就明白了，他对事情的态度就清楚了。举个例子，2010.5，第一题，流行音乐受到严重批判，为什么呢?是应为很多年轻人喜欢流行音乐， 流行音乐对年轻人的影响很大，而很多歌星吸毒，就会对年轻人有很大影响，他们会成为年轻人的榜样，使吸毒在年轻人当中蔓延。一定要做到这一点，对作者的基本态度有一个准确的理解。第二，阅读题目，首先判断这个题目的类型，是主旨大意题，细节题，词汇题，推论题还是判断性，根据不同的题目类型，来确定做题的策略。比如说细节题，关键就只准确的定位，找到关键词，然后确定答案在哪里。举个例子2010.11，迪欧一题问考古这个词来自那一种语言?定位的时候注意因为这个题是第一题又是细节题，那么一般这个题的的答案往往是和文章的内容的顺序是有关系的，就是说第一题的答案一般在文章的开始，这样会节省一些时间。他问archeology这个词来自那种语言?文章的第一句话就说来自希腊语。通过这个题我们可以的出几点第一定位是根据题目次序和标号的大小基板上是按照1 2 3 4 5，基本上是按照文章的顺序。另外三级考试难度不大，我们三级考试很少转弯，直接能在文章中找到答案，第一题文章中就明确说了Greek.第三题which of the following helped to preserve “Lindow Man”?下面那个帮助保存了古代尸体?确定关键词preserve,找到preserve 在文章的第四段why is the man so well preserved?一看到知道后面可能要出答案，定位过去，发现明确的答案It was because he was in a very watery environment.言外之意是水，水多的环境缺氧，细菌也缺氧就不能腐蚀尸体。also,意味着还有一个答案,还有一项有利于尸体保存，the water in the bog was very acidic.，这个地方的酸有利于尸体保存，水和酸这是两个要点。因此答案就是D.在看第九题在第三段那些因素那个有助于病人恢复更快?这个题有一点好处他说在第三段，那就把注意力集中到第三段，在这里讲了一些开窗后能看到绿色有助于他们大脑的改善，很自然确定答案就是A ,三级考试不会转弯，直接就能找到答案。在说主旨大意题，我们三级考试每一篇文章都有这一个主旨大意题，做题时，的别关注文章的开始和结尾尤其是开始，以十一月份的考试为例15题，15题是典型的主旨大意题。文章合适的标题是什么?首先关注文章的开始，文章第一句话说母乳喂一个月活更长的时间养能降低妇女患糖尿病的风险。正好和B是吻合的。
文章的开始对主旨判断非常重要，另外还要注意两点，第一，仔细阅读文章开始还要注意后面有没有转折。11月份考古和历史有不同的地方，考古是以零碎的物体作为研究而的对象，历史是以文献作为研究的对象。然后后面转到其地方去了。同样第二篇呢讲城市非常好，城市是发动机，人们可以聚在一起讨论，没有城市莎士比亚的艺术都没有了，然后笔锋一转就讲城市的不好处了。一定要主要以转折，一定要通读文章，把文章的内容要点掌握了，那么你对文章的主旨大意就容易把握了。
2010.11.第六题文章的主旨大意时什么?第一段讲城市的好处第二段就转折了， and yet就是转折，说城市生活也不容易。接着说科学家在研究城市生活是如何影响人的大脑的，结果很让人沮丧，城市性生活影响人的大脑，那答案就是B。 阅读开始部分时注意有没有像but ,yet ,however ,这样的词，如果有，这样的词后面可能就是主旨大意的大概。另一点，一定要看看结尾是不是与开头讲的内容是否一致。11月份第五题，文章最好的标题是什么?在第一段中讲考古与历史的区别，是人感觉答案是B.看结尾发现还是在讲人的事，那么就要调整答案。往前面一度实际上开始时讲考古与历史的区别，实际上为后面做铺垫主要是讲一个考古的重要发现，那么答案就是C。这是我说的主旨大意题。 词汇题的关键是，找到词的位置仔细的研读词的上下文或者是前后，三级考试不转弯，很快就能找到答案。11月份第七题metropolis是什么意思，很简单先找到这个词,前面在讲城市后面without metropolis,我们就没有莎士比亚的伟大艺术，很简单metropolis就是city答案就是C.十一月份第二题these在第一段中指的是什么?前面说考古学家发现很久以前人类留下的东西，就是物体，就是objects.下面一种 类型是证物判断题，主要是考正反，下面哪一个是对的?把他当做细节题处理,每一个选项都有可能是一个细节题，从选项中却像关键词，找到关键词在文章中对应的地方来看他表达的意思对不对。确定关键词的时候注意用常识做初步的筛选看哪个可能是正确的，当然不对也没关系。证物判断题把每一个选项当做细节题来对待，然后从文章中找依据，定位，然后看他与文章中的内容是否相符。举个例子，11月份第四题根据这一段下面那些陈述是对的。A说lindow man是以谁最先发现他命名的，也就是命名的问题。第三段说1984年两个热播在一个工作的地方有一个惊人的发现，这个地方就是lindow，那么就知道不是一人命名的二十地方命名的。B l历史学家一般使用纸的证据，文献;历史学家是用硬的证据，那么这个就是答案。不放心的话，在看一下C,D. C和A定位在一个句子里Lindow Mose 在英国的背部而不是男部。D说那个人没有做过手工活与文章内容相反。B是正确的。11月份第十一题 哪一个是对的?根据选项看到A2200妇女参与研究，那么就定位数字，数字第一段后半段的后半部分或结尾部分，有一个细微差别，年龄在40-78.，那么不都是old women，所以错了。B调查男人和女人患糖尿病的情况，但是调查只关于女人，因为是母乳喂养，所以错了。 C.超过5分之一的女性从未结婚是错的，还是和数字有关，2033个妇女中405个没有孩子，但不代表没结婚;703个从未母乳喂养，但不代表没生过孩子。因此是错的。只有D是唯一的可能，他的依据是第一段中第三行他的研究使得糖尿病和母乳喂养之间的关系更容易让人相信。判断正误题如果放在后面那他按可能很分散，但如果是文章的第一题，一般这四个选项在文章的第一段中。举例子，第十题哪一个是正确的，作为细节题做，很容易就找到。
推论题，标志就是what can you refer?作者很可能赞成什么作为细节题来做，关节就是定位的为题，只要找到关键词的定位就很容易找到答案。举例子, 十二题,研究发现中，谁更容易得糖尿病?关键词是研究发现findings找到研究发现在文章的第二段，把注意力放在这一段上，来看得糖尿病的妇女，三伙人，从来没有生过孩子的;给孩子母乳喂养;有孩子但没有母乳喂养。三种人中生了孩子且喂养和，没生孩子的差不多，生孩子没有母乳喂养是没生孩子的糖尿病几率的两倍，生孩子没有母乳喂养是给孩子母乳喂养的得糖尿病几率的1.4倍. 相比较发现A生孩子但没有母乳喂养的最容易的糖尿病。十三题，研究者可能赞成什么?也与研究和发现有关。 很容易发现答案是C 做的时候要注意几点： 第一，要很好的利用百科知识。我们的文章第一传播知识，第二教人向善。与我们的常识像违背肯定是错的。
五月份第一题A不用与医疗的毒品是人的生活方式中国经济可以接受的事情。与人类的道德相违背。B流行音乐吸引少量的年轻人。C流行音乐不是赢利的行业D流行音乐单独为毒品滥用负责。与常识相违背。第七题政府担心人活得更长;害怕不呢个受到老年人的税;担心人们越来越尊重老年人，都违反人类道德。第八题B老年人享受相同的生活方式C老年人应该被社会忽视。都是违反常识人类道德的。
第二，表示极端的选项往往是错的
五月份第五题D。Alone任何事物都是多因素的，不可能那么绝对。 第十二题把极端的词排除就得到答案 A nothing世界银行什么也没做 B. only国际基金组织只帮助富人
C. all世界银行控制着世界上所有的银行 第三，注意选项的细节
11月份第三题C土壤和能源。文章中谈到土壤没有谈到能量
第十题B城市中一点小的变化不能明显的讲题城市生活带来的负面影响，多加了not 正好与答案相反，依据在文章的最后一段。 第十一题.A 多了一个old B.多了一个men C. never
Answers Experiencing English Listening & Speaking Book 3
Unit 1 Relationships Warm-up (Answers in bold.) 1. This is Joe: When I was in high school, I was really into sports. In college I found out that my true calling is to be a science fiction writer! After high school, my girlfriend, Melissa, and I went to different colleges. After a while, we just drifted apart.
2. This is Lindsay: My junior year of college I lived in Europe as an exchange student. I ended up going back to New York for graduate school. 3. This is Chris: My dad owns a flower shop. He always wanted me to take over for him when he retired, but flowers really aren’t my thing. Right now I’m working as an apprentice to a famous chef. Someday I hope to have my own television cooking show. 4. This is Allison: As a teenager, I had my own unique style and way of thinking. I was a free spirit, while my boyfriend, Brad, was very conservative. Everyone was really surprised when Brad and I decided to get married. I guess they thought we’d eventually break up.
Listening Task
First Listening 1. traveling in Europe, living in Boston. 2. apprenticing as a chef, learning how to run a restaurant 3. working as an accountant 4. working as a lawyer Second Listening 1. He isn’t surprised that Jake lived abroad. 2. She wants to eat at Terry’s restaurant. 3. He doesn’t remember much about high school. 4. She is surprised by Cindy’s physical appearance.
Third Listening (For the first dialog) 1. — Studying at Boston University. 2. — He went to Spain as an exchange student and traveled a lot in Europe. (For the second dialog) 3. — No, he didn’t. Instead he took over his mother’s business, a restaurant. 4. — Cooking. He wants to be a famous chef. (For the third dialog) 5. — Because he works as an accountant in the city now. 6. — Barry’s wife and his brother, Tom. (For the fourth dialog) EX-L&S-Book3-Key-1 7. — Because she has changed so much. 8. — Cindy’s hair styles. She often dyed her hair in different colors.
Real World Listening Prepare Karen is an actress. Charisse married her high-school boyfriend Craig. Get the main ideas Karen wanted to be an actress. She ended up as a makeup artist. Charisse wanted to be a mother. She ended up becoming an executive.
Unit 2 Identity Warm-up (Answers in bold.) 1. Ms. Kelsey is a librarian, but she’s passionate about sports cars. 2. Kris rides a motorcycle, but she’s also a nerd when it comes to history. 3. Dave’s friends thought that making it big in Hollywood would change him, but Dave is still just a regular guy. Fame hasn’t changed him.
4. Jonathan might be the best basketball player in the state, but he doesn’t have any dreams of going pro. He just wants to play for fun. 5. Terry is a jock, but when he’s not on the football field, he’s watching romantic movies. 6. Everybody assumes Carrie is a serious person because she’s quiet. But she’s really got a great sense of humor. 7. Jordan is very friendly and open with everyone, but she keeps some things about her life private.
8. Mark is very intelligent, but he’s not a straight A student.
Listening Task First Listening 1. He has a lot of interests outside of sports. 2. He enjoys dancing privately. 3. She’s in a rock band and she’s a good student.
Second Listening 1. She is surprised that Brett is romantic. 2. He thinks Jeff should be proud of his hobby. 3. He thinks rock musicians can’t be good students.
Third Listening (For the first dialog) 1. — She thought a jock must be very big and not good at speaking and with poor academic performance. 2. — One day Brett gave her a poem which she thought was romantic and full of imagery. (For the second dialog) 3. — From his girlfriend who showed her some photos of him dancing. EX-L&S-Book3-Key-2 4. — Because he thought it was private. (For the third dialog) 5. — Kayla is a straight A student who can play the drums in a band called Rock Hard. 6. — Because he thought it’s impossible for a nerd to join a Rock band.
Real World Listening Prepare TJ’s friends and family are worried about him.
Get the main ideas F, ?, T, T, T, F, F, T
Unit 3 Advice Warm-up (Answers in bold.) 1. Q: My 4-year-old daughter has horrible tantrums. How do I get her to stop crying? 2. Mabel: You need to discipline her. Some people aren’t comfortable spanking their kids. If you don’t want to punish her physically, try taking away something special— maybe a toy. Whatever you do, pick one method and stick to it. Use the same method all the time. 3. Q: Whenever I start dating a new girl, my parents get in the way. They always invite her over to talk. What should I do? Mabel: Don’t blame your folks for being interested in your life. They care about you! 4. Q: One of my friends wants to fix me up with her neighbor. She thinks we would be a great match. Should I agree to a date even though we’ve never met? Mabel: Blind dates are kind of scary. You don’t know what to expect. But I say: Go for it! 5. Q: My boyfriend doesn’t want me to spend time with my friends. What can I do about his jealousy? Mabel: Ooh … that’s a bad sign. If your boyfriend is possessive now, he’ll just get worse later. You should meet someone new.
Listening Task First Listening 1. Have a baby soon. 2. Don’t move back home after college. 3. Discipline the child. 4. Make an effort to meet someone. Second Listening 1. They want to have the baby only when they are ready. 2. He’s already decided to move back home. 3. She doesn’t believe in spanking.
4. She doesn’t want to date anyone right now.
Third Listening (For the first dialog) 1. — 35. She should have a baby now. 2. — A struggle between career and family. EX-L&S-Book3-Key-3 (For the second dialog) 3. — Studying in a college. 4. — Because he wants to save some money and many of his friends are doing the same. (For the third dialog) 5. — One believed in the saying that spare the rod spoil the child while the other doesn’t. 6. — No, she doesn’t. Because she thinks it’s her privacy. (For the fourth dialog) 7. — She is still single now. / It’s been a while since she’s dated anyone. / She doesn’t want to be dating anyone right now. 8. — Maybe her parent or very close friend.
Real World Listening Prepare 1. Follow your parents’ rules. Move out. 2. Exercise. 3. Call someone else. Get the main ideas 1. Jackie’s parents have the right to set rules in their house. 2. Losing weight is more complicated than Beatrice thinks. 3. It would be better to consult a mechanic.
Unit 4 Family Warm-up (Answers in bold.) 1. My family is a little unusual. Some people might even say we’re nuts. 2. My mother is extreme when it comes to neatness. She can’t stand to see even a speck of dust in the house. 3. Mom is really strict with us when it comes to household chores. Every day, we have to do a couple of hours of chores to keep things neat. 4. My father loves to barbecue. He’s definitely a fanatic. He can’t live without his barbecue grill. 5. One time, I accidentally broke Dad’s grill. He completely freaked out. He was so upset, he couldn’t even wait a day to buy another one. 6. My sister, Alicia, is a vegan. She not only avoids meat, but also any animal products, like milk and eggs. 7. Sometimes Alicia and Dad argue because they have opposite interests. She’s as devoted to her vegetarianism as he is to his barbecuing. 8. Some of my other relatives are a little strange, too. I’ve got an aunt who thinks she can see the future and a cousin who does four hours of bodybuilding exercises every day!
9. My family might be a little irritating to some people, but they don’t bother me much. After all, they’re the only family I’ve got.
Listening Task
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-4 First Listening 1. She has a very particular diet. 2. He is a clown at heart. 3. She is a fanatic about her hobby. 4. He likes to pretend he is a TV or movie character. Second Listening 1. She makes her cat follow a vegan diet. 2. He makes balloon hats when he’s not working./His duck follows him everywhere. 3. She keeps the dolls in their boxes. 4. His family is worried about him. Third Listening 1. a family dinner, just for her 2. a professional clown, kids’ birthday parties 3. collecting dolls, from floor to ceiling 4. TV and movies, be a character
Real World Listening Prepare Lydia: 300–400 Greg: 11 Get the main ideas 1. Abigail, Greg’s aunt: She lives nearby. Greg doesn’t now her well. She’s kind of crazy. She has fifteen cats. 2. Chia-Lin, Lydia’s aunt: She lives in Shanghai. She couldn’t miss it for the world. Her mother wouldn’t forgive her if she didn’t come to the wedding. 3. Lydia’s Dad: He is in the restaurant business and as lots of friends and associates. He has many suppliers and customers. He is getting along very well with his associates. He thinks that his friends and associates will get insulted if they are not invited.
Unit 5 Decisions Warm-up (Answers in bold.) 1. Pamela is pregnant with her first child. She has to decide whether she wants to be a working mom or a stay-at-home mom.
2. The Yamamotos are planning a vacation. They have to figure out which airline offers the cheapest rates. 3. Stan is unhappy at work, but he makes a good salary. He’s going to weigh the pros and cons of getting a lower-paying job that he likes better. 4. Kelsey is leaning toward going to Harvard because she has family near Boston, but she also really likes Yale. 5. Ben just decided to propose to his girlfriend, Laura. He’s going to have an airplane write ―Will you marry me?‖ in the sky.
6. Mrs. Lai’s company wants to transfer her to another country. She’s going to have a EX-L&S-Book3-Key-5 heart-to-heart conversation with her husband about it tonight. 7. Katherine isn’t sure whether she wants to major in anthropology or linguistics. 8. Jeremy and Priscilla didn’t realize until they got engaged how difficult it is to plan a wedding. 9. For Roland, the downside of buying a new car is that he has to do lots of research to make the best decision.
Listening Task First Listening 1. getting a job 2. accepting a new job and moving 3. choosing a major 4. getting a puppy Second Listening 1. No one will take care of things at home. 2. Texas is far away./The job is a great opportunity. 3. She could do great things in any subject. 4. A puppy is messy./A big dog wouldn’t like their little apartment./A cat might be a better choice for them. Third Listening 1. She will go to work and if it is the case, the house work will be shared by the family members. 2. Frank may take the job with an engineering firm and if that’s true, he’ll move out to Texas. 3. Jamie’s probably choosing theater as her major.
4. They may come to a decision to get a cat instead of a dog.
Real World Listening Prepare 1. d 2. b 3. c 4. a Get the main ideas 1. An adapter tends to think in terms of the minimum change necessary to produce the results they want. 2. An originator tends to produce decisions that are less similar to past ideas. 3. A concrete information processor needs complete and detailed information before making a decision. 4. An abstract information processor focuses on the big picture and general information before making a decision. 5. A challenger prefers a more extreme and risky choice in order to gain more. 6. A conciliator tends to be cautious and avoid taking actions for fear of losing too much. 7. A flexible decision maker is slow to make and act upon his decisions, and often change plans. 8. An organized decision maker tends to make and act upon his decisions quickly.
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-6 Unit 6 Warm Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. naïve expert slang applying accent dialects, come in handy amazing, pick up hire
Listening Task First Listening 1. Australian slang 2. a teacher who is hard to understand 3. learning to imitate an accent
Second Listening 1. T, F, T 2. T, T, F 3. T, F, F
Third Listening 1. It was great! The people there were so friendly. The weather was great. 2. Australian English. 3. It’s hard to pick up what she’s saying. Her English is so hard to understand. She has a strong accent. 4. Better. Sugar. Don’t bother me any more.
Real World Listening
Prepare Department Manager
Get the Main Idea 1. A management job (manager). 2. A bachelor’s degree in travel industry management, five years’ experience, management experience. 3. Customer service representative. 4. She thinks they were worried about her English. 5. She’ll accept the job and show them how good she is.
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-7
Unit 7 Warm Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. attractive, date blown away income warm up to click sensitive fall for commitment quality time
Listening Task First Listening 1. Michael—age: 32, marital status: divorced, hobbies: rock music, dancing, surfing 2. Anita—age: 34, employer: corporation, interests: nature 3. Jack—age: 28, personality: sensitive, hobbies: bodybuilding, movies, golf 4. Cora—age: 24-26, background: Chinese-American, interests: romantic dinners, long walks on the beach, candlelight dinners, and intelligent conversation
Second Listening 1. a casual relationship/a fun person 2. an independent person/an honest person 3. a good cook / a fun person 4. an intelligent person / a humorous person
Third Listening 1. surfing experience, not necessary 2. very involved, respect for nature 3. a lifetime of commitment 4. candlelight dinners, intelligent conversation
Real World Listening
Prepare Amy (about Luis): He’s handsome./He’s funny. Luis (about Amy): She’s attractive./She’s independent.
Get the Main Idea About Luis: He looks like a Greek statue./ He’s sweet and funny./He’s easy to be with.
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-8 About Amy: She’s romantic./She’s thin./ She’s aggressive./She’s independent.
Get the Details 1. didn’t think so
2. more fashionable than; wasn’t my type; on top of all that 3. hanging out with him; swept me away 4. bothered 5. ―the one‖
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-9
Unit 8 Warm Up updates, incompatible, identity theft, viruses, spam, clogged up, deleting, forwards, obsession, addictive
Listening Task First Listening 1. her credit-card 2. upgrades 3. receive useless e-mails 4. video games
Second Listening For each of these, either answer could possibly be correct. Ask students to give reasons for their choices, and to discuss those reasons with people who chose the other answer.
Real World Listening
Prepare It’s fun./It helps to prevent violence.
Get the Main Idea Video games are just entertainment./People are smart enough to understand the difference between fantasy and real life./No one is going to try to imitate ―The Butcher.‖/You’ll be more relaxed if you play the game./It’s better to let out your anger and frustration in a fantasy game than in real life.
Get the Details 1. ―The Butcher‖, ―Pirate Party‖, ―Marooned on Mars‖ 2. violence, a bad influence 3. entertainment, between a video game and real life 4. hack up; in a peaceful, happy mood
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-10
Unit 9 Warm Up 1. b 2. f 3. a 4. e 5. d 6. c 1. dormitory 2. negatives 3. curfew 4. annoying 5. snores 6. barge in 7. concerned 8. appreciative 9. space
Listening Task First Listening 1. noisy neighbors 2. parents go into his room/mom checks the phone bill 3. snoring/messiness 4. borrowing things
Second Listening 1. Move out next year. 2. Either solution could be implied. 3. Get used to it. 4. Be more respectful.
Third Listening 1. some major negatives 2. snooping around; figure out; my cell phone bill 3. neat freak; on the messy side 4. disrespectful
Real World Listening
Prepare + The Johnsons are concerned about Kara. – Mrs. Johnson visits Kara in her apartment. + Mrs. Johnson makes Kara home-cooked meals. EX-L&S-Book3-Key-11 – Mrs. Johnson asks Kara questions about her plans. – Mr. Johnson is affectionate with Kara.
Get the Main Idea Mrs. J visits every day: Her privacy is being violated. Mrs. J brings homemade soup: It makes her feel like a child. Mrs. J asks where she’s going: She feels like she’s being watched. Mr. J is affectionate: It makes her uncomfortable.
Get the Details 1. ―It was nice to feel that people were concerned when you lived alone‖.
2. One day, when she got home, Mr. Johnson came up to her and gave her a hug; and then he kissed her on the cheek. 3. He said that maybe Kara reminded Mr. Johnson of his granddaughter.
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-12
Unit 10 Warm Up 1. b 2. e 3. d 4. c 5. f 6. a 7. h 8. g 1. 2. 3. 4. evacuate, shelter sharp jolt, collapsed, rubble knocked, rescue rip, ashes, surrender to
Listening Task Preparation Question 1. avalanche 2. volcanic eruption 3. earthquake
First Listening 1. mountain climbing 2. camping 3. sleeping
Second Listening 1. He slowly climbed down the mountain. 2. She walked through hot ashes to get help. 3. Someone rescued her.
Third Listening 1. passed out 2. separated from, a kind of daze 3. emergency, so thankful 4. the building had collapsed, on top of me
Real World Listening
Prepare She almost drowned. Pieces of trees and buildings crushed her.
Get the Main Idea 1. ? 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. ? 6. ? 7. ? 8. ? 9. ?
Get the Details 1. Her arms were bare, scratched, bleeding, aching. They were wrapped around a palm tree 2. Black, filthy, oil-slicked, muddied, and inky water.
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-13 3. In the bungalow.
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-14 Unit 11. Work ―I’m not sure what he actually does.‖ Warm up 1. cubicle. 2. business attire
3. ―Casual Friday‖ 4. startled 5. sloppy 6. force on 7. snap 8. uptight
9. get away with
Listening task First listening 1. He made his employees sharpen his pencils. /He left work early. 2. She liked to make junk food. /Her cookies tasted bad. 3. The company’s dress code is ―business attire.‖/She wears jeans, T-shirts, and sweatpants to work.
Second listening 1. He was arrogant and didn’t do any work. 2. She makes everyone eat too much. 3. She doesn’t look professional.
Third listening 1. The library; somewhere opposite the library. 2. Lazy and dishonest. 3. Sweet and fattening. 4. She would/could be hurt. 5. At an insurance agency. 6. (She was) a slob.
Real world listening Listen and Check Steve: schedule, social customs, rules, language Mr. Takahashi: He doesn’t dress appropriately. /He doesn’t bow. / He behaves informally. / He’s late.
Get the main idea Steve: T, T, ?, T, F Takahashi: T, T, ?, F, ?
Unit 12. Lifestyle ―You may need to change your routine.‖ Warm up Match words:
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-15 a—6, b—4, c—1, d—3, e—2, f—5
Choose the correct words and phrases. 1. kick
2. gradual 3. fast food 4. gossip 5. cut down 6. interrupt 7. eavesdropping 8. scold
9. addicted to 10. public
Listening task First listening 1. He wants his friend to stop listening to private conversations. 2. She’s annoyed that her husband keeps talking while she is trying to tell a story. 3. He doesn’t want Jill to be nervous. 4. They think he’s being rude.
Second listening 1. You’ve got to stop doing that.
2. I didn’t even realize I was doing it.
3. I just hope you’re not too nervous around me. 4. Do you think we should say something?
Third listening 1. Cheese cake. 2. She was nervous. 3. They will talk loudly too.
Real world listening Listen and Check eating fast food, not exercising, working too hard
Get the main idea Excuses: diet: he’s addicted to fast food; exercise: it’s so boring; relaxation: work is too busy, and three teenagers keep him stressed out Changes: diet: he stopped eating junk food; exercise: he’s taking dance classes; relaxation: he took a vacation
Unit 13. Travel ―Getting there is half the fun.‖ Warm up
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-16 1. trek 2. advance 3. cheat 4. refused 5. booked 6. persistent 7. insisted 8. soaked 9. stranded
10. back 11. realized
Listening task First listening 1. When you travel, it’s important to learn about the place you’re going to. 2. In some cultures, people are very generous to strangers. 3. People in different cultures have different ideas about danger.
Second listening Answers 1. She left before she got to the top. 2. He stayed at the stranger’s house. 3. The bus continued on to Kathmandu.
Third listening 1. probably 2. hairpin 3. straight 4. leaning 5. push on the bus to make sure it didn’t roll over the cliff
6. The tires were almost flat with the weight of all those passengers 7. we would read in the newspaper the next day about a bus that had gone over the cliff
Real world listening Listen and Check He got into an argument with the travel agent.
Get the main idea 1. Tim and Randy go to the travel agency. 2. A van pulls up.
3. Tim and Randy don’t get on the van. 4. Randy gets angry at the travel agent. 5. Randy demands a taxi ride.
6. The woman squirts ketchup on Randy.
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-17 7. The van pulls up again.
8. Tim and Randy get on the van. 9. They arrive at the bus terminal. 10. Randy regrets his behavior.
Unit 14. Finances ―You can make some real money.‖ Warm up 1. get-rich-quick 2. gullible 3. risky 4. invest 5. Real Estate 6. Stock Market, broker 7. starting own, set up 8. come up with
Listening task First listening 1. using a computer to invest in the stock market 2. thinking of ideas for a new business 3. selling a comic book collection 4. inventing a new kind of hat
Second listening 1. The plan might fail and she could lose a lot of money. 2. It’s not a good idea because somebody else already thought of it. 3. He might get lucky like other people who have sold old collector’s items. 4. Nobody will use the product.
Third listening 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F
Real world listening Listen and Check What will the infomercial be about? Real estate investments. What kind of person is Steven Crowe? Dishonest. (Some may say ―intelligent.‖)
Get the main idea A plan for investing in real estate; Comments from people who have made a lot of money; The price of the product (Some students might mention a phone number you can call to buy the videos.)
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-18
Unit 15. Changes ―She’s still in our hearts‖ Warm up 1. spouse, homesickness, going through, struggling 2. manage, read your mind, cheerful, Focus 3. Eventually, look up
Listening task First listening 1. His dog died. 2. Her parents divorced. 3. He broke up with his girlfriend. 4. She’s living away from her family in a new country.
Second listening 1. She listens to his memories./She agrees that Champ was a wonderful pet. 2. She talks about her own experience./She encourages Theresa to express her feelings./She agrees that divorce is a difficult loss. 3. He tells Joe he’ll find another girlfriend soon. 4. He helps Sung-Hee find a friend from her native culture.
Third listening 1. Lonely. 2. They have different views on life. 3. Her mom’s cooking.
Real world listening Listen and Check how long they were together, how she died, good memories (Note: sSome students will point out that he says that he had a lot of good memories, but doesn’t actually say what they were.), how he feels now
Get the main idea He’s sad that she’s gone but also appreciates his memories of her. He misses her but is glad that her pain is over.
EX-L&S-Book3-Key-19
2006年1月浙江省大学英语三级考试
Part II Vocabulary
21.The couple are unable to have children of their own, so they decided to _____ a daughter.
A、adoptB、adjustC、adaptD、appoint
22.I find this book of great _____ in helping me get along well with others.
A、wealthB、priceC、usefulnessD、value
23.I’m sure I have seen that man before but I can’t _____ where.
A、remindB、retellC、recallD、recognize
24.Convenience foods which are ready for cooking are _____ in grocery stores.
A、availableB、capableC、acceptableD、probable
25.They had a heated discussion on the topic but came to no _____.
A、endB、ideaC、resultD、conclusion
26.In the past few years the school has _____ a lot of money improving the teaching equipment.
A、costB、paidC、spentD、taken
27.The school bus got out of ____ on the way to school this morning, so all the students were late.
A、wokB、functionC、powerD、order
28. Road safety should be taught to young children to _____ road accident.
A、avoidB、refuseC、denyD、ignore
29.It is difficult to _____ what the long-term effects of the reform will be.
A、investigateB、informC、broadcastD、predict
30.His _____ novel is more interesting than any other novels he’s ever written.
A、firstB、latestC、formerD、later
31.It’s time for us to take measures to stop water _____ as it is getting more and more serious.
A、conditionB、pollutionC、standardD、population
32. Jack invited me to his birthday party but I didn’t _____ his invitation.
A、acceptB、receiveC、answerD、reply
33. We don’t think anyone can _____ us with being irresponsible for the students.
A、chargeB、accuseC、scoldD、blame
34.To my horror, I found my drinking was starting to have a _____ effect on my work.
A、harmlessB、negativeC、uniqueD、positive
35.I don’t want to get _____ in the argument about whom to blame.
A、interestedB、involvedC、absorbedD、focused
36.Wearing a bright-colored silk dress, she _____ in the crowed.
A、stood outB、stood upC、stood forD、stood by
37.– Mr. Smith hasn’t got married, has he? – Yes, he has. _____, he has a daughter already.
A、As a matter of factB、As a ruleC、InsteadD、However
38._____, the floor is wet. We have just cleaned it.
A、Look aroundB、Look backC、Look outD、Look down.
39.– Would you do me a favor and take me the box upstairs? – _____.
A、My pleasureB、Never mindC、With pleasureD、I’m glad to hear that
40.Henry tried many times to _____ smoking but failed.
A、give outB、give inC、give offD、give up
Part III Structure
41. I can’t stand him. He always talks as if he _____ everything.
A、knowB、has knownC、knewD、had known
42. I’m sorry, but there are _____ for Sunday’s concert.
A、no tickets availableB、not tickets available
C、no available ticketsD、not available tickets
43. All flights _____ because of the terrible weather, the Smiths had to go back to the hotel.
A、had been canceledB、being canceledC、having been canceledD、were canceled
44. _____ for your laziness, you could have passed the entrance examination.
A、If it were notB、Had it not beenC、Weren’t itD、If it had been not
45. Once upon a time, _____ known by the name of Rip Van Winkle.
A、a man lived thereB、there lived a manC、lived there a manD、lived a man
46. He said that he would take part in the oral English contest, _____ is most unusual for him.
A、thisB、itC、thatD、which
47. – Do you want to see my driver’s license or my passport? – Oh, _____.
A、either one will doB、either does wellC、all will doD、each will be fine
48. A language lab with 40 computers _____ to the middle school as a gift.
A、was givenB、would have givenC、were givenD、had given
49. He _____ to have the examination yesterday evening, but he went to the concert instead.
A、would comeB、must have comeC、need comeD、should have come
50. Linda _____ an essay about customs in China last week and I wonder if she has finished it.
A、wroteB、has writtenC、was writingD、had written
51. Is this the washing-machine that you want _____?
A、to have been repairedB、is repairedC、to be repairedD、will be repaired
52. I don’t think you have met him before, _____?
A、don’t IB、haven’t youC、do ID、have you
53. The foreign languages school has a large collection of books, _____ are in English.
A、many of themB、many onesC、many of whichD、many books
54. Do you think _____ possible to master a foreign language within two months?
A、thisB、itC、thatD、which
55. It was in this factory _____ “West Lake” sewing machines were made.
A、whereB、thatC、in whichD、there
56. – David speaks English very well. – _____.
A、So he does, and so do youB、So does he, and so you do
C、So he does, and so you doD、So does he, and so do you
57. The wooden house is still in excellent condition _____ it was built over 100 years a
A、sinceB、becauseC、despiteD、though
58.I am strongly against his proposal that the plan _____.
A、be cancelledB、will be cancelledC、to be cancelledD、shall be cancelled
59. _____ I want to know is how long it will take to finish the building.
A、ThatB、WhichC、WhatD、Whether
60. The project _____ by the end of 2004 has benefited 100,000 people in the city.
A、completedB、being completed C、having been completedD、to be completed
Part IV Reading Comprehension
Passage One
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:
Why don’t birds get lost on their long migratory (迁徙的) flight? Scientists have puzzled over this question for many years. Now they are beginning to fill in the blanks.
Not long ago, experiments showed that birds rely on the sun to guide them during daylight hours. But what about birds that fly mainly by night? Tests with artificial (人造的) stars have proved conclusively that certain night-flying birds are able to follow stars in their long-distance flights.
One such bird – a warbler – had spent its lifetime in a cage and had never flown under a natural sky. Yet it showed an inborn ability to use stars for guidance. The bird’s cage was laced under an artificial star-filled sky at migration time. The bird tried to fly in the same direction as that taken by his outdoor cousins. Any change in the position of the artificial stars caused a change in the direction of his flight.
Scientists think that warblers, when flying in daylight, use the sun for guidance. But stars are apparently their main means of directed flight in the night. What do they do when stars are hidden by clouds? Apparently, they find their way by such landmarks as mountain ranges, coast lines and river courses. But when it is too dark to see these, the warblers circle helplessly, unable to find their way.
61. Which of the following is NOT true about migratory bird’s flight?
A、Some birds fly mainly by day.B、Some birds fly mainly by night.
C、Birds like to fly during daylight hours.D、Birds depend on the sun or stars to guide them.
62. What do we know about the experimental warbler?
A、It was set free for the experiment.B、It had never flown freely outdoors.
C、It had never been placed under the sun.D、It had lost its way in its daylight flight.
63. What do we know about warblers as a whole?
A、They do not have intelligence.
B、They tend to take the same route as other birds.
C、They do not need to learn to fly in the right way.
D、They cannot sense changes in the position of the moon.
64. What does the passage say about warblers’ sense of direction?
A、They get lost under star-filled sky.B、They lose their way when it is too dark.
C、They are not able to see clearly at night.D、They usually depend on clouds for direction.
65. What does “fill in the blanks” in the first paragraph mean?
A、“to do the exercise”B、“to take the test”
C、“to know the right words”D、“to know the answer”
Passage Two
Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:
How men first learned to invent words is unknown. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then, lies in their associations – the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the happy and sad events of our past; the more we read and learn, the larger the number of words that mean something to us becomes.
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to out minds and feelings. This attractive use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like
music, and, by their position and association, can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them correctly, or they will make our speech dull and silly.
66. Which of the following did men invent first?
A、WordsB、SoundsC、SignsD、Letters
67. Why did men invent language?
A、To be different form animals.B、To make their ideas known to others.
C、To make nice sounds for others to hear.D、To have something to write down with.
68. Which of the following is true of words according to the passage?
A、Their power is beyond imagination.
B、They last longer than signs or sounds.
C、They remind people of their past experience.
D、They enable people to live longer and read more.
69. Why does the author mention “poet” in the last paragraph?
A、A poet is full of great thoughts and feelings.
B、A poet is an example of good language users.
C、A poet tells of the glad and sad events of his past.
D、A poet knows more sounds and words than others.
70. What is the best title of the passage?
A、Language and Its Use.B、Language and Human Experience.
C、Poet: A Master of Words.D、How Language Came into Being.
Passage Three
Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage:
In the 1800s, trains roared into stations. They were symbols of progress and expansion. They played as much of a role in America’s history as presidents and generals.
The first American railroads were built in the late 1820’s. The early railroads provided cheap transportation for shippers and travelers. To encourage the railroads to expand into unsettled land, President Millard Fillmore signed a series of landgrant acts (土地拨赠法案) in the 1850’s. These acts gave the railroad companies ownership of land that ran along the railways. In return for the land, the railroads carried government traffic at reduced rates. The railroad companies sold much of their land to farmers and cattlemen, who then shipped their goods on the trains.
The importance of the railroads became clear during the Civil War. During the war, trains carried troops, arms, and supplies. One reason that the North won the war is that it had more use of the railroads.
Between 1865 and 1900, railroads grew rapidly. The first transcontinental (跨越全洲的) route was completed in 1869. This track made easier for pioneers to cross the Rocky Mountains and settle the West. And the railroads brought new people to the West even before the trains started running. Thousands of Chinese and Irish laborers helped to lay down the tracks.
71. When were the first American railroads built according to the passage?
A、Around 1800.B、Around 1830.C、Around 1860.D、Around 1890.
72. Which of the following is NOT a result of the landgrant acts of the 1850’s?
A、The railroads expanded into unsettled lands.
B、Farmer and settlers received land for free.
C、The government could pay less for its railroad use.
D、Farmers and cattlemen bought land form the railroads.73. What was one of the reasons that the South was defeated in the Civil War?
A、The South was short of military supplies.
B、Only the North owned railroads and trains.
C、The South failed to make good use of railroads.
D、The North used railroads to attack the Southern army.
74. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A、Railroads grew rapidly between 1865 and 1900.
B、Railroad construction created a lot of jobs.
C、Trains carried Chinese and Irish laborers to the West.
D、The first railroad that reached the West was completed in 1866’s.
75. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A、Railroads grew rapidly between 1865 and 1900.
B、Railroads played an important role in American history.
C、Trains helped pioneers to cross the Rocky Mountains.
D、Trains controlled American economy in the 19th century.
Part VI Translation from Chinese into English
81. 只要你们降价5%，我们就打算向你们大量定货。
82. 孩子们喜欢言行一致的父母。
83. 通过社会实践，我们可以学到许多书本上学不到的东西。
84. 据报道美国总统将于明年二月访问中国。
85. – 我能不能把你的书带回家，明天还给你?– 行。
Keys
21. A 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. B 36.
A 37. A 38. C 39. C 40. D 41. C 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. B 46. D 47. A 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. C
52. D 53. C 54. B 55. B 56. A 57. D 58. A 59. C 60. A 61. C 62. B 63. C 64. B 65. D66. B 67.
B 68. C 69. B 70. A71. B 72. B 73. C 74. C 75. B 81. We are going to place large orders with you if you reduce your price by 5%.82. Kids like parents whose words are in accordance with their deeds.83. Through social practice we can learn a lot which can not be got from books.84. It is reported that the U.S. President will visit China next February.85. -- Can I take your book home and return it to you tomorrow?-- Ok.
2006年1月浙江省大学英语三级考试试卷答案 Part I Listening Comprehension
Part II Vocabulary
21. A22. D23. C24. A25. D26. C27. D28. A29. D30. B31. B32. A33. A34.
B35. B36. A37. A38. C39. C40. D
Part III Structure
41. C42. A43. C44. B45. B46. D47. A48. A49. D50. C51. C52. D53. C54.
B55. B56. A57. D58. A59. C60. A
Part IV Reading Comprehension
keys: 61. C62. B63. C64. B65. D
keys: 66. B67. B68. C69. B70. A
keys: 71. B72. B73. C74. C75. B
Part V Translation from English into Chinese
76.Still, there is much parents can do to help their kids develop and enjoy a lifelong interest in reading. your answer:
key:然而，父母们可以做许多事来帮助孩子们发展和享受终生的阅读兴趣。
77.Until you discover what your child likes to read, select books that you loved when you were small and new stories that strike your imagination.
your answer:
key:直到你发现你的孩子喜欢读什么，在这之前就选一些你小时候爱看的书或一些能激起你想象的新故事。
78.To get your child hooked on reading, set aside a regular time each day to enjoy a book together. your answer:
key:为了让你的孩子对阅读着迷，每天留出固定的时间和他一起读一本书。
79.If you don’t seem to be enjoying yourself, you’re sending a message that reading isn’t much fun. your answer:
key:如果你看上去并未在享受阅读的乐趣，那么你就在发出一个信息：阅读不是很有趣。
80.When you go out shopping and your child asks for something, buy a book. They’re cheaper than toys and a far better investment in your child’s future.
your answer:
key:当你出去购物，你的孩子要求买些东西时，就买本书。书比玩具便宜，也是对你孩子将来更好的投资。 Part VI Translation from Chinese into English
81.只要你们降价5%，我们就打算向你们大量定货。
your answer:
key:We are going to place large orders with you if you reduce your price by 5%.
82.孩子们喜欢言行一致的父母。
your answer:
key:Kids like parents whose words are in accordance with their deeds.
83.通过社会实践，我们可以学到许多书本上学不到的东西。
your answer:
key:Through social practice we can learn a lot which can not be got from books.
84.据报道美国总统将于明年二月访问中国。
your answer:
key:It is reported that the U.S. President will visit China next February.
85. – 我能不能把你的书带回家，明天还给你?– 行。
your answer:
key:-- Can I take your book home and return it to you tomorrow?-- Ok.
本次考试为大学英语三级考试，试题来自题库，题型包括听力，词汇，阅读，翻译，写作。题量较大，试题较难。通过对试卷的分析可以看出，学生们的通过率尚可但优秀率低，学生在听力部分的听写和词汇方面失分较多，具体分析如下：
首先，本次听力部分分为短对话，长对话，篇章听力理解和听写。从得分分布来看，学生注重了长短对话的训练得分较高，但实际应用能力还有待提高。
其次，本次试题词汇题量大，涉及词汇多，从得分看出，学生们的词汇储量较小，功底不扎实，对课本的内容不熟悉，在今后的教学中还应注重课本的深入讲解和教授词汇的应用，让学生在理解课文的同时体会词汇的语境和使用及其内涵。
再次，由于本学期教学中注重了阅读理解的训练，故本项得分相对较高，学生的阅读理解能力有了明显提高。
最后，在写作方面出现了两极分化，其原因在于部分学生词汇量不足，没有看懂作文题目，写作跑题。本学期在写作方面进行了大量的练习，绝大部分得分较高。
从试卷的总体情况看，本学期圆满完成了教学任务。
(一) 不同观点列举型( 选择型 )
(1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1.有一些人认为…… 2.另一些人认为…… 3.我的看法……
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________. The topic of ①________(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②________(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③________(理由二). Moreover, ④________(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,________(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥____________(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦__________(理由三). From my point of view, I think ⑧________(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨____________(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . (2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对或支持这一观点
1.有一些人认为……
2.我也认为……/我不这么认为 3.我的看法……
Some people believe that ①________(观点一). For example, they think ②________(举例说明).And it will bring them ③________(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④____(我不同意或同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤____(同意或反对的理由
之二). Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥____(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).
(二)利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____. Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, _缺点二______. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
(三)答题性议论文(提出解决方式或步骤)
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____. Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
(四) 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____. With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
大学英语三级考试复习计划(建议)
I. 复习目标：通过大学英语三级考试
II. 复习资料：《浙江省大学英语三级考试指南》——浙江大学出版社(推荐) III. 复习时间：一个月
IV. 复习内容：大学英语三级考试词汇表
英语语法结构表
历年大学英语三级考试试卷
V. 复习要求：
1、掌握大学英语三级考试词汇表所列单词的发音、拼写、词义以及相关
词组及其用法
2、掌握英语语法结构表的语法内容以及应用
VI. 复习过程：
第一阶段(10天)，a、识记大学英语三级考试词汇表所列单词及词组的意义。b、完成2002年1月至2003年1月三套试卷并分析重点、难题
以及订正错题。
c、结合重点、难题分析相关语法要点。
第二阶段(10天)，a、进一步记忆大学英语三级考试词汇表所列单词及词组，重点
是单词的拼写和用法。
b、完成2003年6月至2004年6月三套试卷并分析重点、难题
以及订正错题。
c、结合重点、难题分析相关语法要点。
第三阶段(10天)，a、针对易忘难记的单词、词组做重点记忆，反复背诵。b、完成2005年1月试卷做最后测试，针对薄弱环节，重点突
破。
c、考前最后理清语法要点。
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