新课程标准下高三英语写作复习策略探究
摘 要：本文根据课程标准的要求，对高三英语写作进行探讨。笔者阐述了高三学生英语写作的现状，分析了学生写作低效能的原因，并提出了相应的复习策略。
关键词：高三英语写作 现状 原因 策略
一、课程标准对写作的要求
写作是高中英语教学培养目标的重要内容。《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》(教育部2003)对英语九级语言写作技能目标的描述如下：(1)能用英文书写摘要、报告、通知和公务信函等;(2)能比较详细和生动地用英语描述情景、态度或情感;(3)能阐述自己的观点和评述他人的观点，文体恰当，用词准确;(4)能在写作中恰当地处理引用的资料及他人的原话;(5)能填写各种表格，写个人简历和申请书，用语基本正确、得当;(6)能做简单的笔头翻译;(7)能在以上写作过程中做到文字通顺，格式正确。
《课程标准》同时详细列出了写作技能评价方式和评价标准。其中测试方式有：(1)短文写作(日记和小故事等);(2)实用性写作(卡片、信件、说明、留言和填写表格等);(3)图文信息转换(图表描述、信息解读和写配图说明);(4)接续完成文段;(5)写电子邮件等。对学生的作文主要从内容要点、语言使用效果、结构和连贯性、格式和语域以及与目标读者的交流五个方面进行评价。教师只有理解了《课标》提出的写作要求，并运用到平时的写作训练教学中，才能有效地提高学生的英语写作能力。
二、高三学生的写作现状
对于高三学生而言，写作是一项很难掌握的语言技能，也是历年高考中失分较多项之一。笔者通过两轮高三英语教学实践总结出学生在写作中呈现的问题主要为以下几个方面。
(一) 实践中语言错误百出
写作中的语言能力主要指遣词造句的基本功。在这方面，学生最为突出的问题是词汇贫乏。为数不少的学生在需要用文字表达时，感到力不从心，写出来的句子常常令人费解。此外，其他的语言错误、语法错误、单词拼写及标点符号方面的错误也比比皆是。我们在学生的写作中经常可以看到以下类型的病句：
1. Studying abroad are very popular.(主谓一致问题)
2.Studying abroad is benefit to your language study.(词性误用)
3.You can broadcast your countrys culture.(措词不当)
4.Tom is enough old to go to college.(修饰语错位)
(二) 写作内容贫乏
从平时的练习和考试中看出，大部分学生所写的作文内容贫乏，思路不开阔，很难发现一些独到的见解。这反映出他们思想不活跃，缺乏对现象的观察和思考。由于思路阻塞，又懒于思考，有的作文空话连篇，缺乏变化，显得词穷语尽、苍白无力，没有实际内容。比如，一位学生在最近一次以“Studying abroad”为题的写作练习的最后一段中写到：
Though studying abroad has advantages，they have many other disadvantages.I must treat the problem objectively.
(三) 写作语篇整体概念欠缺
许多学生在写作时无语篇整体意识，写出的文章只是文字的堆砌而无实质的内容。表现在写作动笔前不审题、不构思，想一句写一句，东拼西凑，语无伦次，根本没有使作文主题与段落和句子连贯为一体的整体概念。另一方面，学生在写作时，过分注意每一句话的语法和单词拼写，而忽视了前后句子的衔接，于是所写语篇断断续续，文章主题模糊不清。例如：
They think most of the people studying abroad are too small to care for themselves.If we go there，so few people we know，may feel that it will take them too much money.They may feel lonely.
三、高三学生写作效能低的成因
(一) 心理上畏惧写作
通过调查，不少学生认为英语写作难。一方面，写作技能的提高费时多，且见效慢;另一方面，学生在写作中时常因缺少词汇和基本写作技能而感到无助。相当部分学生出现畏难情绪，产生信心不足的心态。他们不积极主动地去配合老师搞好写作训练，甚至产生放弃情绪。
(二)母语汉语的句法结构对英语写作学习的干扰
汉语谓语动词无字形变化，而英语谓语变化多。很多学生对时态、语态、语气的语法概念和英语动词变化之间的关系理解模糊，写作应用起来不明确不熟练，加之英汉在动词意义上有差别，他们用英语写作时就很容易出错。显然这是以汉语为母语，英语为第二语言学习的学生在谓语动词学习应用中出现的负迁移。有关数据统计显示，谓语动词使用错误占考生所犯语言错误的55%。
(三)词汇积累的贫乏与运用的错误对英语写作的影响
俗话说巧妇难为无米之炊。英语写作也是如此。很多学生在写作都遇到过类似的问题，因为词汇积累的有限，很多好的见解无法表达，一篇很有思想的好文章往往也不能完工。但也有很多同学尽管脑海中储存了一定的词量，但是不懂得如何去正确运用，导致他们完成的写作只是词义的机械堆砌。
(四)传统教学理念对英语写作的影响
我国传统的教学理念崇尚知识的全盘灌输，忽略了对学生主动性的开发。学生成为了被动学习的机器，教师在课堂上唱的是独角戏。长此以往，学生丧失了独立思考的能力。在英语写作中表现为，套话平平，没有自己的见解;文章的形成也是基于对提供的细节信息的机械翻译。
四、提高学生写作效能的教学策略
英语写作是英语词汇、语法、主题和写作手法等互相依赖、互相作用的诸要素组成的有机整体。因此在写作教学中，教师应灵活多样地处理教材和教辅资料，扩充教学内容，增加学生写作练习机会，做到既有遣词造句，又有语篇结构的训练，既有语言的训练，又有思维的训练，写作按词和短语、句子、段落以及篇章四个层次来训练。教师应由易到难、由简到繁、由控制性写作到自由写作，循序渐进地进行教学，才能最终帮助学生提高写作的能力。笔者就如何提高学生英语写作效能结合自己的教学实践进行了思考与探索并得出以下几条经验。
(一)培养学生的写作兴趣
学习兴趣是学生积极认识事物和积极参与学习活动的倾向，是积极学习中最现实和最活跃的成分。学习兴趣的培养能帮助学生树立自信心，养成学习外语的自觉性和良好的习惯。在具体的教学过程中，笔者主要通过以下几种方法来调动学生写作热情的。首先创设写作情境，让学生有感而写。比如抓住学生钟爱曲调优美的英文歌曲的特征，让学生在听完歌后写听后感;其次充分利用激励机制，激发他们的写作热情。笔者在每次批改完学生的作文后都会从中挑出几篇佳作张贴在教室里，同时给上榜同学小小奖励。
(二)帮助学生养成良好的写作习惯
仅凭写作课的教学是无法提高学生的写作技能的。只有学生自己把写作当成经常性的练习，他们的写作水平才会慢慢得以提升。写作水平的提高不是一件立竿见影的事情。在笔者的写作教学过程中，每个学生有一个笔记本，并且要求他们每周用英语在上面写些东西。学生可以随意写他们想写的任何事情，即使是把从其他书本或报刊杂志里看到好的段落抄写下来也是有好处的，因为抄写的本身说明他们是认可作者的想法的。教师可以每周收集起全班同学四分之一的笔记本来阅读，这样对学生一方面是一种学习上的督促，另一方面可以挑选一些集中性的问题在课堂上进行讲解。通过定期上交，教师批改，积极写评语的交流方式，探讨学生文章立意的新颖之处，思想的深度，结构的清晰度以及表达是否准确和得体等。
(三)注重英语写作的基本功训练
写作的基本功包括词汇、惯用法、习惯搭配、各种句型、语法结构等。在写作教学中，笔者主要从以下两个方面做起。
1.扩大词汇量。定量词汇的积累是写作的前提。没有掌握一定量的词汇，写作寸步难行。“巧妇难为无米之炊”说的就是这个道理。笔者在教授新课时，要求学生记住本课的重要词汇，从读音、词形、词性、词义、基本用法和固定用法、固定搭配方面去全面把握，把词汇放在课文中去教学，这样使重要词汇在一定语境里有了生命，学生理解起来也会更容易，体会更深刻，记忆更牢固，掌握更透彻。笔者还要求学生在平时的英语学习中，将遇到的高频词及时地记录在一本笔记本上。
2.注重简单句型的练习。针对学生对句子成份相当模糊的情况，结合教材，反复和学生一起研究句子成份，分析句子结构，让他们知道什么是主谓宾、定状补，什么词能做什么句子成份，不能一味地一一对应翻译。在平时教学中，教师应着重抓住五个基本句型：(1) S+be;(2) S+vi;(3) S+v(系);(4) S+v+o ;(5) S+v+o+c以及there be句型的练习。在高考书面表达范文中，几乎所有的英语句型都是这五种句型的扩展、延伸或变化。因此，训练学生写作，首先就是要抓住这五种基本句型的训练，让他们把五种句型记牢，并不断地运用，为写作打下坚实的基础。
(四)加强写作技能的训练
课标指出，写作基本技能目标包括：学生应具备整理思路，组织素材，规划文章结构，列出提纲，起草文章，组织语言，遣词造句，修改文章，正确使用标点符号和字母大小写这几方面能力。要使学生掌握和提高以上课标所要求的写作技能，在教学中，教师必须认真研究新教材，根据写作材料内容设计一系列的教学活动。以下是笔者在具体写作教学实践中的主要教学流程：
1.构思阶段———注意各环节紧密结合
充分合理地利用教材，巧妙设计一些练习活动，并结合多媒体，给学生提供有效的、贴近现实生活的运用语言的机会，充分讨论写作主题，从而激活写作灵感;认真审题明确要点讨论可用的语言素材，形成写作思路，做好写初稿的准备。
2.写时阶段———仿写为主，注意文章整体性
模仿优秀的英文范例，在学习英语写作的初级阶段，对于迅速提高学生的英文写作水平帮助极大。首先，阅读范文可以使学生增强感性认识，熟悉作文所必需的开头、衔接、结尾等基本技巧。再者，学生在练习写作的过程中，参照一些同类体裁的范文，对于谋篇、行文有很好的借鉴作用。
3.评价阶段———注意及时反馈与修改
写作讲评是非常关键的，因为在每一次认真高效的讲评之后，学生的写作技能都会有所提高。因此，在每次布置写作任务后，教师一定要及时批改，及时发现带有共同性、倾向性的错误，并分析其性质和原因，然后及时在课堂上反馈。笔者对学生写作的评价有四种方式。(1)自我修改与评价。学生完成写作任务后，要求他们认真仔细检查一遍，看格式是否正确，要点是否齐全，开头结尾是否合理，有无简单的单词和语法错误，并及时改正错误。然后自己评分。(2)小组相互修改与评价。学生在小组中互相交换习作，并通过讨论彼此的错误和较好的表达方式，为学生再提供一次学习的机会，及时修改习作，然后小组长给同学的习作评分。(3)班级投影修改与评价。每个小组选出一篇较好的习作，在全班投影展示并朗读。通过引导学生讨论并集体修改，让学生找出习作中较好的短语、句型等闪光点。然后通过多媒体投影，展示范文，并强调写作要点。
总之，英文写作能力是学生综合能力的书面体现，英语写作能力的提高是一个长期的过程。因此，培养学生的英语写作能力不能一蹴而就，而要从学生的实际水平出发，有目的、有计划地进行训练。只有这样，到高考写作时，学生才能做到思如泉涌，水到渠成。
参考文献
1.黄雪英.对高三学生英语写作现状的一次探究[J].英语教师，2010，8.
2.李钰.高三英语写作教学反思及策略[J].现代教育科学·中学教师，2012(1).
3.刘蓉.高三英语学习者写作错误调查与分析[J].湖北广播电视大学学报，2011，7.
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作者：许俊
摘要：英语早读课是课堂教学的有益补充和延伸， 是英语学习的一个重要组成环节。充分利用好早读课，还能提高学生对英语学习的兴趣。笔者通过对所任教学校高二学生的早读课现状的调查及访谈，解读学生早读课存在的主要问题，并进行策略研究
关键词：早读课;现状;策略
一、问题的提出
《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》对语言技能、语言知识提出了相应的具体内容和标准，并指出读是理解的技能，是任何语言教学中任何阶段都需要包括的一个重要环节。(教育部，2003)。外语学习对外语的接触量有高度的依赖，在母语环境下，除了英语课堂，早读课是学生们接触英语的另一个重要场合。一堂早读课，是课堂教学有益的补充和延伸，它具有培养语感、感知文采、熏陶情感、厚积素材的作用。通过朗读，学生能增强记忆效果，提高学习效率。 因此，在英语学习中，早读课是一个重要的组成环节。调查高二学生英语早读课的现状并进行策略上的研究，对帮助学生提高英语成绩有着重要的作用。
二、现状的调查及结果分析
(一)、调查对象、方式及调查内容
笔者在本校高二年级随机抽选了6个班级，共计347名学生进行了问卷调查;同时在年段中，选择了部分同学进行访谈。调查内容主要是三个方面：被调查者的学科态度、早读情况、影响因素。
(二)问卷调查统计、结果及分析
1.对英语学科态度方面：你对英语学科感兴趣吗?
A. 非常喜欢(32.2 % )
B. 一般( 54.3% )
C. 不喜欢(12.4 % )
D. 厌恶(1.1 % )
2.被调查者的早读情况方面：
(1)你觉得英语早读课在整个英语学习过程中重要吗?
A. 非常重要(28.2 % )
B. 重要(52.7 % )
C. 一般(18.3 % )
D. 一点都不重要(0.8 % )
(2)你喜欢目前的早读课吗?
A. 很喜欢(25.0 % )
B. 喜欢(53.2 % )
C. 一般(16.4 % )
D. 不喜欢(5.4 % )
(3)你觉得目前早读课的时间(30分钟)够用吗?
A.太长(11.6%)
B.刚好 (40.5%)
C. 不够用(47.5%)
D. 可长可短 (0.4%)
(4)上高二以来，你早读课的效率如何?
A. 很高(5.3 % )
B. 高(11.8 % )
C. 一般( 56.6% )
D. 低下(26.3 % )
分析：通过对问题(1)-(4 )的回答可以看出，学生们对目前英语早读课的现状基本满意，但有47.5%的学生回答时间不够用，这与学生们的早读课效率不高有一定的关系。在访谈中，笔者得知，导致学生们早读课效率低下的一个原因是有些学生晚上经常就寝时间晚，休息时间短，以至于第二天早上犯困，注意力不集中，早读开始后10多分钟就开始打瞌睡。由此可见，规范学生们的作息时间，才能保证他们有一个高效的早读课。
(5)一般情况下，你的早读课有明确的计划吗?
A. 有，能合理安排(22.1 % )
B. 偶尔有(33.6 % )
C. 无计划，随意读(20.3 % )
D. 听从老师安排(24.0 % )
(6)早读课你采用的朗读方式是：
A. 大声朗读 (24.7 % )
B. 小声读(36.7 % )
C. 默读(25.8 % )
D. 边写边读(12.8 % )
分析：从问卷反馈来看，早读课有明确计划的学生不多，还有些学生期待老师的安排。在早读课上能大声朗读的也不多(24.7% )，边写边读的比例比较小。由此可见，部分学生在早读课前并没有明确的计划，盲目性比较大。实践证明，大声朗读能帮助自己克服胆怯心理，增强自信 。有些朗读材料，如果学生们能边写边读的话，就能把听、读、写有效结合起来。
(7)下列英语学习活动，哪一项占你最多早读时间?
A. 背《单词表》 (75.7 % )
B. 读课文(8.8 % )
C. 背范文(2.0 % )
D. 复习练习册和笔记等(13.5 % )
(8)你有朗读课外美文的习惯吗?
A. 经常有(1.8 % )
B. 有( 5.2% )
C. 很少(48.2 % )
D. 几乎没有(44.8 % )
分析：如果早读课内容枯燥，无疑会压抑学生们的学习积极性。从信息反馈看，有75.7 %的学生在早读课上只背单词;读课文、读美文的比例微小。要想使学生喜欢读，早读课内容上的选择很关键，笔者认为，作为老师，除了指导学生进行有效的单词、课文等方面的朗读背诵外，还要帮助学生选择一些语言优美、韵律感强的朗读材料，这样可以激发学生对语言本身的兴趣爱好，有利于提高学生的文化素质和语言运用能力。
(9) 你有否对自己的早读课表现进行自我评价及总结?
A. 经常有(5.6 % )
B. 有(7.1 % )
C. 很少(45.0 % )
D. 几乎没有(42.3 % )
分析：关于自我评价及总结方面，选择很少或几乎没有的同学占大多数 (87.3 % )。 《英语课程标准》指出，学生应在评价中发挥主体作用。课后总结过程是一个充分运用大脑对需要记忆的内容进行删除、替换、重组和保留信息的充满学问的过程。早读课后许多学生并无自我评价，也没总结，导致了他们缺乏对自己学习上的思考和认知，没有学习积极性。
(10)你觉得英语老师对你进行早读课的学法指导有必要吗?
A. 非常有必要(66.4 % )
B. 有必要(13.6 % )
C. 可有可无(15.2 % )
D. 没有必要(4.8 % )
分析：从信息反馈看，老师应在日常教学中适时对学生进行早读课的学法指导，提高他们的早读效率。
3.早读课影响因素 ：
通过问卷调查与访谈，影响学生早读课效率的因素主要有：学生对早读课的重要性认识、对学习的主动性和积极性的认识、“读”的技能的掌握等方面。
三、策略的研究
爱因斯坦曾说过：成功=刻苦学习+正确方法+不说空话。因此，良好的学习方法就是成功的法宝。要想有一堂有效的早读课，就必须尝试从以下做起。
(一) 明确早读课的重要性。
As the old saying goes， A day`s plan starts with morning.早读是人的记忆高效期，学生通过大声朗读，不但能增强记忆效果，而且能有效地将语言的音和形结合起来，从而更深入地习得这种语言。心理学告诉我们：朗读就是用清晰响亮的标准语音有感情地读出文章，是将书面语转化为有声语言的活动。通过朗读， 能很好地培养学习者的语感，提高学习者品行修养。而早读课就是培养学生这种综合运用语言能力的主要阵地。
(二)合理早读课的计划性。
在访谈中，笔者发现很多同学要5-10分钟以后才能进入早读的状态，这对于只有25或30分钟的一堂早读课来说，这部分时间的浪费很是可惜。因此，在早读课前，学生们要提前做出合理的安排，在老师的指导下，明确早读课的具体内容，做好充分的准备，在最短的时间进入早读的状态，以免出现早读课上被动、漫无目的地读，读后也不知所云的现象。有些学生在读了10多分钟后，把早读课的时间用来做其他科的作业，甚至用来补觉，这些都源于学生缺乏合理的计划。在读的方式上，学生们也应该根据不同的材料，选择不同的读法。日本心理学家高木重朗曾说过：“一般来说，朗读比较能记住东西，尤其是头脑不清醒的时候，更应该清楚地朗读出声音来”。因此大声朗读 ，能使早读课真正活跃起来。而有些学习材料，由于他们本身的特点以及所需掌握的程度，则应采取边写边读的方式，把所读之处重要单词、短语、句型记下来，这样任务明确，学习者也不易开小差。(如下)。
例：The doctor treated her headache with a new medicine， but didn’t cure her. On the contrary， her injured leg healing nicely.
(三)丰富早读课的内容。
如果早读课长时间读一种内容，学生就会容易感到疲劳。在访谈中，不少学生都觉得早读课就是背单词，是一件很枯燥的事。因此，教师宜在早读课前把要读的内容提前写在黑板上， 并建议学生结合自己的实际情况，做好合适的早读计划。笔者建议学生把早读课分成三个时段，每个时段有不同的早读内容，虽然每个时段只有10分钟左右，但长时间坚持下来，也是一个很丰厚的积累。
1、早读课第0-10分钟时段：词汇诵读。
语言研究专家束定芳指出，“ 语言由语音、词汇和语法三大要素构成，其中词汇是最明显的承载文化信息、反映人类社会文化生活的工具。 由此可见词汇是英语学习的关键。高二的学生，他们需要掌握的主要是现阶段的模块词汇，因此，学生们在早读课上大声朗读单词，注意音形义结合，强化单词的拼写能力。同时结合教科书配套材料，朗读延伸词块、例句，这样在语境中学习的单词不易遗忘，也能促进词汇的整体感知。在读”addicted ”时，学生先记忆词块“be /become addicted to ”拓展词块“addict oneself to sth.”然后诵读例句：(1) He became addicted to the drug. (2) The boy addicts himself to computer games and his parents feel worried. 学生边读边写，做到眼到、心到、口到、手到。仅仅是这样是不够的，周大明(2014)认为，新词必须融入已知词汇的关联网络，并经常提取和应用，才能逐渐成为永久记忆的信息。学生在读“addicted” 时，联想到：“be lost in ; be bured in ; be absorbed in ; be involved in ”，如此便提高了所学词汇的复现率，减少遗忘。
2、早读课第10-20分钟时段：篇章诵读。
虽然这个时段才10分钟，但长时下来，学生们的篇章诵读也能读出丰富的内容来。(以人教版Book 5 Unit 4 Making the news 为例。)
(1)回归课文。
俗话说“书读百遍，其义自见”。学生们使用的人教版教材，内容贴近学生的生活，有时代气息，所使用的语言也地道、真实。因此，学生们在早读课上反复朗读课文，并背诵其中的一些佳句，既夯实了基础，又增强了语感，为学生写作方面也提供了很好的模仿与借鉴。
例1：Unit 4 Reading 部分，以对话的形式，一个新闻记者讲述了他的第一次难忘的工作经历。在朗读时，学生可以分角色，增加早读课的趣味性。在读的过程中，学生除了能积累一些好词好句，如：concentrate on ， have a good “nose” for ; Here comes my list of dos and don`ts .(倒装句) Not only am I interested in photography， but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills. 还能了解一个新闻记者的工作，增加课外知识。
(2)开发课文。
新课程提出，对教材需要进行适当的、科学性的补充和删减，或是资源的整合，即对教材进行“二次开发”。在早读课上，把课文内容的整合材料利用多媒体设备投放出来，让学生朗读。
例2：To the reporters， it’s unnecessary for them to take a camera because they have professional photographers with them. The reporters should be curious and they must have a nose for a story. They know how to acquire the information they need. While interviewing， they won’t be rude，they won’t talk too much themselves，and they listen to the interviewee carefully . They will listen to the detailed facts and ask new questions. There is a trick of the trade，that is， with the permission of the interviewer， they would use recorders which could keep the evidence to help support their story.
这是对课文Reading 教材的概要，其中划线部分可以让学生以笔头练习的形式先填出来再读，也可以直接呈现，通过设置不同颜色的字体，引起学生的注意。学生们读后的感觉就和读课文原文的感觉不一样了，又再现了一些重点词块。
(3)延伸课文。
学生们接触的报刊，教辅材料中，经常会有课文的同话题文章，在早读课上可以进行朗读。
例3：Interviewing is one of the most basic tasks in journalism and also an important skill for any jourbailst. A “source”-anyone a journalist interviews-can provide the following elements that are important in any news stories， including basic facts， background on the topic being discussed and direct quotes.
It`s an old debate among print journalists works better when interviewing a source，taking notes or using a cassette or digital voice recorder. Both have their advantages and disadvantages . A reporter`s notebook and a pen or a pencil are the easy-to –use， time-honored tools for interviewing， while recorders enable you to get everything someone says word-for-word.Which works better? It depends on what kind of story journalists are doing.
Many green reporters complain that with a notebook and pen they can never take down everything a source says in an interview，and they worry about writing fast enough in order to get quotes exactly right. They always want to take the most thorough notes possible. But remember ， you don`t have to take everything a source says.Keep in mind that you`re probably not going to use everything they say in your story.So don`t worry if you miss a few things here and there.
So you`ve done a long interview with a source， you have pages of notes， and you`re ready to write. But chances are you`ll only be able to fit a few quotes from that long interview into your article. Which one should you use? Reporters often talk about using only “good” quotes for their stories， but what does this mean? Broadly speaking ， good quotes are those that are interesting or said in a very interesting way.
学生在反复朗读这篇文章后，能进一步了解新闻采访工作的一些知识，加深了对课文话题的理解。此外，文章中的一些新的词汇的出现，增加了学生们的词汇量。
3.早读课第20-30分钟时段：美文诵读。
(1)诗歌是高中英语学习中不可缺的一部分。英语诗歌语言优美，韵律感强，而且文化内涵丰富，是基础英语教学中很有潜力的教学资源，重复开发和利用这一资源，可以激发学生对语言本身的兴趣和热爱(林景鸿，2007)。英语教材中，除了模块6中的诗歌单元外，在一些单元后面，也有一些诗歌，供学生们早读课上朗读。
例4：Book 5 Unit 3 Dreaming (by Rachel Burns )
Dream， dreaming of tomorrow
what it will be
Dreaming of my future
The life that is ahead of me
…
对于这些诗歌，学生们可以进行单独朗诵或小组朗读，提高自己对诗歌美的欣赏能力，感受美文的气息。
(2)学生还可以利用这个时段背诵一些优美的范文。美文可以从书面表达的范文中来，也可以从学生的习作中选择，这样既能增加学生们对写作信息的输入，还能鼓励学生们写出好的文章，增强学生的创作信心。
(四)开展早读课的评价
早读课后的评价就像一面镜子，能让学生在评价中不断纠正、提升自己。课标要求，英语课程的评价体系，既要体现主体的多元化，评价形式也要多样化。英语早读课的评价主体，可以是学生自己、也可以是同伴、教师。形式上，可以采用朗读竞赛，评出班级朗诵之星;也可以开展英语谚语、俗语背诵大比拼，提高学生们的学习兴趣。此外，也可以采用传统的评价方式：听写、默写，来检测学生早读课的效果。合理地设置评价体系，能有效地发挥早读课指导功能，使学生在长期的早读中提升对早读课的认识和效率。
四、结束语
早读课是学生语言学习的输入环节，教师要强化这种意识，积极探索帮助学生提高早读课效率的有效方法，指导学生把所学语言灵活地输出，运用到英语学习中。As we know， a good method is half done.
(作者单位：福建省长汀一中)
参考文献：
[1]教育部，普通高中英语课程标准(实验) [S]. 北京：人民教育出版社，2003
[2]普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修5 [T].北京：人民教育出版社，2010
[3] 束定芳，庄智象，现代外语教学、理论、实践与方法 [M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，1996
[4] 林景鸿， 英语诗歌与英语教学 [J]龙岩学院学报 ，2007
作者：曾秀玉
摘 要：高二阶段，英语知识逐渐增多，并且难度有所提升，是决定学生能否顺利进入高三备考的重要阶段，为了提高高二英语教学质量，教师应使用分层教学模式，让每个学生都跟上教学进度，为高三备考做准备。
关键词：高二英语;分层教学;应用策略
一、分层次划分教育对象
在高二英语教学过程中，对学生的学习层次进行更加科学的划分是非常重要的，通过对学生的学习水平进行详细的了解可以使英语教师进行英语教学的分层打下一个良好的基础。
例如，在开展英语分层教学的前期，英语教师应该通过更多的有效方式进一步了解每个学生的英语学习情况，英语老师可以通过英语词汇量测试、英语语法应用测试、英语口语测试、英语听力测试等方式对学生进行摸底。然后通过这些测试的成绩综合分析每个学生的英语学习能力，通过对学生的综合能力分析，紧密地结合学生的接受能力以及心理成长规律，科学、合理地将学生进行分组，老师可以设置为基础组、发展组和优秀组，或者根据老师的需求进行设置小组。对于一些英语学习基础相对较薄弱的学生，老师应该对其加强基础知识的训练，例如一些基础的单词词组add up，ignore，be concerned about等之类的背诵和应用;对于一些英语学习基础相对较好的学生，老师应该对其加强进一步的语法、听力、口语方面的训练，比如教材的单元听力训练Fascinating Parks，Body Language以及Working the Land等单元的听力训练;对于一些英语学习基础较优秀的学生，老师应该对其加强全方位的训练。通过对学生的学习层次进行合理的分组，有助于英语老师进一步对学生“因材施教”，这样也能够进一步提升英语教学的效率。
二、分层次划分教学目标
教学目标的制订有利于英语教学进一步有效地开展，通过对学生学习能力以及学生的学习水平层次的分层，使英语老师能够进一步了解学生，从而能够有针对性地制订更加合理的英语教学目标。在开展实际的教学过程中，英语教师可以根据不同层次的学生制订不同的教学目标，在每一个不同的教学阶段里，通过这些不同的教学目标进一步提升学生的英语学习能力以及英语应用能力。
例如，在教学“Life in the future”时，老师可以根据学生的不同学习层次为学生制订不同的教学目标，对于一些英语词汇基础较为薄弱的学生，老师应该首先要求这些学生能够对单词熟练地背诵，比如constant，tolerate，previous，link等词语，在背诵的基础上对学生进行下一个层次的教学;而对于一些能够熟练掌握单词的学生，老师应该要求这些学生对文章的短语以及课文进行熟练的掌握。比如take up，lose sight of等词组，在学生掌握这些知识后，为这些学生制订下一个层级的学习目标;对于一些学习能力非常强的学生，可以要求这些学生在熟练掌握单词、短语、语法的基础上进一步将所学的知识灵活运用，要求这些学生能够根据自己所学的知识对未来的生活用英语进行描述。比如，让这些学生能够以“Life in the future”为题进行写作，这样能锻炼学生的英语综合应用能力。通过这种形式的教学的分层能够有效地促进学生学习的规律性，这在一定的程度上能够有效地防止学生因为对自己认识不足而进行盲目学习的现象出现，同时也对一些学习自律性较差的学生进行英语学习起到了非常有利的督促。
三、分层次划分教学进度
英语教师在开展英语教学的分层应对英语教材的主要教学内容进行更加深入的掌握，然后能够根据教材中的主要教学要求合理地进行教学进度的制订，从而做好英语教学的分层次教学。在进行教学时，英语教师应科学地考虑到不同层次的学生的学习情况，从而有效地保证每一个层次的学生都可以深入地去学习，掌握英语教学大纲中对学生学习英语知识的要求。
例如，在讲解“The United Kingdom”时，英语教师可以进一步根据当前不同班级的不同学习情况进行科学有效的调整，对学习内容进行拆分整合，然后根据学生的具体学习情况进行更加细致的分层，再通过教学的需求制订一些主题性的英语学习活动。比如，以“British culture”为主题，让学生进行深入的谈论，或者以“British education”为主题，让学生说出我国与英国之间的教育差别等，通过这些活动去不断激发学生学习英语的兴趣。此外，英语老师还可以通过教学的难易程度对教学的进度进行制订，比如英语老师可以将整本教材的教学内容进行拆分，然后根据每一课程的难易程度结合当前学生的学习水平对教学的进度进行分层，这样做的好处是能够充分发挥学生在英语学习中的积极性以及主动性，学生对学习的热情不会因为教学难易程度以及教学进度受到很大程度的影响，通过这样较为科学有序的教学进度分层能够提高英语的教学质量。
四、分層次划分教学考核
对学生进行分层教学考核在英语的分层教学开展中是非常重要的，开展分层教学的主要目标是提升学生的英语综合能力，并且教学效果是否有效通过学生的成绩能够非常直观地体现出来。因此，在实际的教学过程中，英语老师应该对学生进行考核评价，针对不同层次的学生应该制订不同的考核方式，通过这些难易程度适中的考核能够有效地激发学生英语学习的积极性，同时通过这些分层的考试能够进一步使教师对学生的英语实时动态学习情况有更加深入的了解，通过这些了解有助于英语老师进一步制订教学方针。因此，英语教师应该通过分层次划分教学考核，通过更多的、科学有效的评价对学生英语学习情况进行分析，这样能够有效地促进师生之间的共同协调发展。
总之，英语教师在开展英语教学的过程中应该采用更加科学有效的分层教学方法提高高二年级学生的英语学习水平，从而提升英语教学的质量。通过对分层教学模式进行更加深入的探索，结合教学的主要内容以及学生的具体学习情况制订出更加贴合学生学习的教学模式，这样能够有效地提升学生学习英语的热情，最终提升英语教学的质量。
作者：何生晶
国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平·友谊”夏令营活动 (summer camp)假设你是李萌，请根据下列有关信息写一篇个人简介。
姓名：李萌性别：女年龄：18学校：浙江省义乌中学
其他：爱好音乐、摄影;善于与人交流，乐于助人;热爱自然，热爱和平
参加夏令营的目的：结交朋友，了解外国文化
高二英语写作训练(2)
国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平·友谊”夏令营活动(summer camp)，要求报名者提交个人英文简介。假设你是李萌，请根据下列有关信息写一篇个人简介。
姓名：李萌性别：女年龄：18学校：浙江省义乌中学
其他：爱好音乐、摄影;善于与人交流，乐于助人;热爱自然，热爱和平
参加夏令营的目的：结交朋友，了解外国文化
高二英语写作训练(2)
国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平·友谊”夏令营活动(summer camp)，要求报名者提交个人英文简介。假设你是李萌，请根据下列有关信息写一篇个人简介。
姓名：李萌性别：女年龄：18学校：浙江省义乌中学
其他：爱好音乐、摄影;善于与人交流，乐于助人;热爱自然，热爱和平
参加夏令营的目的：结交朋友，了解外国文化
高二英语写作训练(2)
国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平·友谊”夏令营活动(summer camp)，要求报名者提交个人英文简介。假设你是李萌，请根据下列有关信息写一篇个人简介。
姓名：李萌性别：女年龄：18学校：浙江省义乌中学
其他：爱好音乐、摄影;善于与人交流，乐于助人;热爱自然，热爱和平
参加夏令营的目的：结交朋友，了解外国文化
高二英语写作训练(1)
国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平·友谊”夏令营活动(summer camp)，要求报名者提交个人英文简介。假设你是李萌，请根据下列有关信息写一篇个人简介。
姓名：李萌性别：女年龄：18学校：浙江省义乌中学
其他：爱好音乐、摄影;善于与人交流，乐于助人;热爱自然，热爱和平
参加夏令营的目的：结交朋友，了解外国文化
高二英语写作训练(2)
国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平·友谊”夏令营活动(summer camp)，要求报名者提交个人英文简介。假设你是李萌，请根据下列有关信息写一篇个人简介。
姓名：李萌性别：女年龄：18学校：浙江省义乌中学
其他：爱好音乐、摄影;善于与人交流，乐于助人;热爱自然，热爱和平
参加夏令营的目的：结交朋友，了解外国文化
高二英语写作训练(2)
国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平·友谊”夏令营活动(summer camp)，要求报名者提交个人英文简介。假设你是李萌，请根据下列有关信息写一篇个人简介。
姓名：李萌性别：女年龄：18学校：浙江省义乌中学
其他：爱好音乐、摄影;善于与人交流，乐于助人;热爱自然，热爱和平
参加夏令营的目的：结交朋友，了解外国文化
高二英语写作训练(2)
国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平·友谊”夏令营活动(summer camp)，要求报名者提交个人英文简介。假设你是李萌，请根据下列有关信息写一篇个人简介。
姓名：李萌性别：女年龄：18学校：浙江省义乌中学
其他：爱好音乐、摄影;善于与人交流，乐于助人;热爱自然，热爱和平
参加夏令营的目的：结交朋友，了解外国文化
高二英语作文写作是大家英语学习非常关键部分，但是很多人在学习英语的时候会遇到作文上的瓶颈，所以了解高二英语作文写作怎么写非常重要，下面就介绍一下相关知识。 高二英语作文写作是高中英语学习非常重要的方面，因为大家学习英语的时候作文是非常重要的一部分，尤其是对于以后英语学习的影响非常大，尤其是对高考影响非常大，所以大家在学习的时候一定要注意这一方面，下面就介绍一下。
认真审题立意是高二英语作文写作的第一步，定文章之灵魂对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，必须具备4个条件：准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。有一次考试命题作文"The English teacher I Admire Most"为例，文章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位英语老师，因而就不能泛泛谈论老师这一职业或自己的几位老师。草拟提纲也是大家高二英语作文写作要做到的，打造文章之骨架审好题，立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架，文章布局要做好3件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词开拓思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的东西，可以是句子或单词词组，可以是英语或汉语。以上关于高二英语作文写作的相关介绍大家必须有一个基本的了解，因为写作的学习是非常重要的，如果大家想在自己第一次大型考试考出的比较好的成绩，让自己进入一个比较好的高中，那么这方面的学习是大家平时必须注意的。更多学习资料请见美联英语学习网。
高二英语短文改错专题复习高二英语短文改错专题复习 知识总结归纳：
短文改错的题是一篇意思连贯，但有九行文字中各有一个语法或用词错误的英语短文。它所涉及的知识面很广，能力要求较高。而且题中所设的错误常常是考生自己在写作中经常出的语法错误，是专门针对考生的弱点而设的。但它又从另一个角度考查了语法知识的运用。因此，做题时，应从以下几个方面着手解题：动词使用错误;名词使用错误;形容词，副词使用错误;连词使用错误;代词使用错误;冠词使用错误;介词使用错误，上下文逻辑错误等。
在研究每一行的句子时，首先把握句子的意思，然后划分句子的成分：主语;谓语部分;宾语;状语：地点，时间，方式等。如果句子是并列句或复合句，先分开各部分小的分句，根据各个分句之间的关系判断使用的连词是否正确。然后再研究各个分句的成分。
(一)名词使用错误：名词一般在句中做主语或宾语，名词的错误主要在于名词单，复数的错误使用。
1. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.： question是可数名词根据本句的意思，前面有lots of修饰，应当改为复数形式。 2. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.：subject是可数名词根据本句的意思，前面有quite a few修饰，应当改为复数形式。
3. We practise three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.：根据本句的意思match在此应当改为复数形式。
4. Happy birthday, Peter, and many return of the day. ：return在此是名词，应当改为复数形式：many returns of the day是祝贺人们生日的固定用语：祝你健康长寿。
5. He said that she and my schoolmate all wishes me success.：all 在句中提示了除我以外schoolmate应当是复数形式。
6. On the way up I was taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.：picture应当改成复数形式，因为作者一路上忙于照相，不止仅照一张像。 另外还要注意名词所有格形式上的错误使用。
That kind of lie, a little, does two things: it keeps your friend feeling from being hurt….：根据句子意思：有时一个小小的谎言(善意的)可以使你的朋友的感情免遭伤害friend应当改为friend’s
(二)动词使用的错误：
<一> 作为谓语动词，注意谓语动词在时态，语态，与主语是否一致以及用词方面的问题。 1. My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school team. ：全句的基本时态应当是现在时，was应改为am 2. Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.：主谓一致的错误。Give的主语是Playing football，动名词作主语是单数形式，应改为：gives 3. I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.：前半句是说过去的事情used to do ：过去常常做某事。use改为：used 4. …the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came down.：时态错误。全句是过去时态，passes 改为passed 5. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.：动词形式的错误。句中有三个连续的动作做谓语。因此visit不是伴随状语，是第二个谓语动词，应该为visited. 6. The Internet is a computer network that use the telephone system to link millions of computers around the world.：句中定语从句中的谓语动词use 的主语是先行词a computer network，是单数形式，所以按主谓一致的原则use改为：uses. <二> 作为非谓语动词，现在分词，过去分词，动名词，不定式形式的使用错误，同时注意非谓语动词在平行结构中出现的错误。
1. Not far from the hotel, there was a shop with all kinds of clothes hang up.：hang up在此做定语修饰先行词clothes，应改为现在分词形式表示挂着各种衣服。
2. He had worked on farms and in shops where he spent his spare time studied by himself.：定语从句是说：他把业余时间花在学习上，按句型结构：spend some time doing something.所以studied应改为：studying. <三> 形容词，副词使用错误：
注意：① 形容词和副词的比较级，原级，最高级使用方面的问题。② 修饰比较级的副词的错误使用。③ 以ing和以ed结尾的形容词的混用。④ 形容词和副词的混用。
1. I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting：much修饰比较级形式，在此没有比较级的意义，所以去掉much. 2. I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.：形容词与副词混用。Have a wonderful time：过得非常愉快。wonderfully 改为：wonderful 3. …his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family who had no child.：本句含有so…that 句型。very改为：so 4. People will work few hours than they do now. ：这是一个含比较级的句子。(句中有than)，few 改为比较级形式fewer 5. Computers will be more smaller and useful….：比较级smaller前面的修饰词应该是副词much。More与多音节形容词或副词原形构成比较级。more改为much 6. Last week, I went to a movie, which was very moved. 形容词moved指人受到感动。本句的定语从句的主语是movie。应当是moving. <四> 连词使用错误：并列句连词and与but的误用是历年高考题中常考的内容。复合句如宾语从句，状语从句，定语从句中主，从句的连接词的误用根据主从句的关系可以发现。 1. My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there.：前后两句的关系是并列关系or应改为：and 2. My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 前后两句是并列关系不具有转折意义。but改为：and 3. It deosn’t matter that I would win or not. Matter后面的从句是whether…or not结构。That改为：whether 4. An Eskimo boy becomes a man since he kills his first polar bear.：根据句子意思：在Eskimo男孩杀死他的第一只北极熊之后，才真正成为一名男子汉。Since改为：after 5. The fine-furniture store ∧I work has been in business since the 1920s.：I work是定语从句修饰先行词The fine-furniture store，The fine-furniture store在从句中做地点状语，应加关系副词where. 解题思路：
首先要理解整个短文的含义，逻辑关系，篇章结构。再仔细研究每一句的意义。借助划分句子成分的方法判断每一部分是否有错误。读句子时一定以整句为单位。 【典型例题】
A(2004全国卷I) Dear Ralph I’m a newcomer here of a small town. I would 1. from describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates, 2. quiet it seems always difficult for me to do things∧ well as 3. as them. I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as 4. at a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. 5. √
Besides, I have few friends, I don’t know that they 6. why
don’t like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other 7. talk very well in class, but after class we become stranger at 8. strangers once. I am trying to improve the situation since it dosen’t 9. but seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do? 10. about去掉 分析：
1. 来自一个小镇的新生。强调“来自于”用介词：from 2. describe oneself as +形容词，所以quietly改为quiet 3. 缺少连词，这是同级比较结构as…as ，加上as 4. 介词错误：词组laugh at somebody：嘲笑某人。
6. 宾语从句连词的错误，that 本身没有意义可以省略，本句是说：我不知道他们为什么不喜欢我。
7. 时态错误，全篇用的是现在时。
8. 名词单复数的错误，主语是we，宾语与主语呼应，应该是复数形式。 9. 这是一个并列句，前后为转折关系。 10. 根据句子意思，about多余。
B全国卷III2004 You can find all kinds ∧information in just 1. of a few minute on the Internet. It’s like going to a 2.minutes huge library without have to walk around to find 3. having your books. Recently even though, many people 4. 去掉even have been discussing the dangers of the Internet. 5. √ They have been reports in America about people 6. There trying to steal person information for bad purposes. 7. personal Finding information on the Net is easily. But not all 8. easy information are good to society. For example, you 9. is can find such information like how to kill people. 10. as The problem will become more serious in the future. 分析：
1. all kinds of是固定词组，of 不能缺少. 2. a few 后面的名词是复数形式。minute是可数名词 3. without是介词，后面跟动词ing形式。
4. even though：即使，此处表示“虽然”。应去掉even 6. 此处表示：在美国有报道说…..应当用表示“有…”的句型：there be… 7. 此处表示“个人的信息”，需要用形容词做定语。personal：个人的。 8. is后面是形容词形式。
9. information是不可数名词。后面的谓语动词用单数形式。 10. such…as是固定句型。 【模拟试题】(答题时间：45分钟) A You can find all kinds information in just 1._____ a few minute on the Internet. It’s like going to a 2._____ huge library without have to walk around to find 3._____ your books. Recently even though, many people 4. _____ have been discussing the dangers of the Internet 5. _____ They have been reports in America about people 6. _______ trying to steal person information for bad purposes. 7._______ Finding information on the Net is easily. But not all 8.________ information are good to society. For example, you 9.________ can find such information like how to kill people. 10.________ The problem will become more serious in the future. B This is a story told by my father: “When I was boy, 1._________
The most exciting thing was when to celebrate the Spring 2._________ Festival. My grandma was the best cooker in the world 3._________ but could make the most delicious dishes. One time, I just 4._________ couldn’t wait for the Spring Festival dinner. As I was 5. _________ about take a picture from a cooked duck, I saw Grandma in 6. _________ the kitchen looking at me. Shake her hand, she said, ‘It 7. _________ isn’t a good time to do that, dear.’ At once I apologize 8. _________ and controlled me at my best till the dinner started. You 9. _________ know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.” 10. ________
参考答案 A 1. 在kinds后面加of ：all kinds of 是固定短语。这里缺少了介词of 2. 名词“数”的错误, minute是可数名词，有a few修饰， 应改为：minutes 3. have改为：having：without是介词，后面的动词应该是动名词形式。 4. 去掉even：even though：即使。此处表示：虽然。 5. 此行正确。
6. They改为：There：本句表示：有一份报告。用there be 句型。 7. person改为：personal：此处指个人的信息，应该用形容词形式。 8. easily改为easy：be后面接形容词。
9. are改为is：主语information是不可数名词。
10. like改为as：such…as为固定句型，表示：象……这样的……。 B 分析：
1. boy是可数名词，第一次提到，前面必须加a 2. 本句是说：欢渡春节。When在此多余. 3. 用词不当，cooker：炊具。Cook：厨师。 4. 前后两个分句是并列关系。
6. be about to do something 是固定句型。 7. Shake her hand在本句中做伴随状语。应该用ing形式。 8. 全句都在叙述过去的事，用过去时。
9. 本句是说：控制自己。宾语应改为反身代词。 10. several后的名词应是复数形式。
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英语复习高二下学期词组
Unit 11 some phrases 1. 重力原理
the Theory of Gravity 2. 有共同之处 have anything in common 3. 从事仙炎星发射载人飞船
work on sending a manned spaceship 4. 必将发生
have in store for 5. 很可能
it is likely that 6. 作为经济特区被建设
set up as a special economic zone 7. 中国科学技术的中心the new center for Chinese science and technology 8.中科院所在地
home to the Chinese Academy of Sciences 9.中国高科技产业的领头羊
the leader of China’s hi-tech industry 10.开办一所么人研究及发展机构open a private research and development institute 11.具有创新精神和科学技能share the spirit of creativity and scientific skill 12.使中关村成功
make Zhongguancun a success 13.抓住机会到国内来实现他们的理想grasp the opportunity to develop their ideas at home 14.实现梦想
follow one’s dream 15.在人所学领域与顶级科学家们共事
work with some of the top scientists in my field 16.我认为这在我看来很完美
I knew it was perfect for me 17.帮助安排回国事宜help arrange for his return 18.踏进
set foot in / on 19.对…有积极的影响 have a positive effect on 20.依靠科学技术和知识
rely on science technology and knowledge 21.发展经济实力 increase economic power 22.弄清楚
make it clear
23.鼓励创新,接受挑战
encourage pioneering work and accept failure 24.应对失败并从中吸取教训
deal with and learn from failure 25.对……感到兴奋 be excited about 26.活跃起来
come to life 27.同时为祖国做出贡献
contribute to his country at the same time 28.硕士学位 a master’s degree
29.美国的硅谷 Silicon Valley in the US 30.达到……目标
achieve / reach its goal 31.对人类是一个很大的威胁 a big threat to mankind
32.标志…..开始
mark the start of 33.展示中国高科技的成功
showcase China’s hi-tech successes
34.导致了科学技术的几项突破 lead to several breakthroughs in science and technology
35.背上长着人耳的小老鼠 a small mouse with a human ear grown on its back 36.贮存人体器官 restore human organs 37.最新成就 red hot achievements 38.充满伟大成就
be filled with great achievements
39.呈现出科技发展的繁荣景象enjoy a boom in scientific and technological development 40.提出计划 put forward a plan
41.科教举国rejuvenate the nation by relying on science and education
42.取得突破性进展make many breakthroughs 43.探索太空 explore space
44. 中国航天局 the Chinese Space Agency 45.长征系列运载火箭 Long March rocket series
46.第一次载人太空飞行
the first manned space flight
47.破解生命之谜solve the mysteries of life 48.目的在发展农业aim at improving agriculture
49.人体检测国际研究项目
the international human genome project
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50.世界一流be among the world’s best
51.中国与计算机一见钟情It seems to be love at first byte for China and computers 52.高速宽带网
a new high-speed broadband network 53.创建了智能机器人
build the nation’s first humanoid robot
54.清晰陈述你的观点state your opinion 7.不知道
have no idea
8.爱上了戏剧 develop his live for the theatre 9.谋生
make a living 10.提醒某人某事 remind sb of sth clearly 55.用强有力的论点为之辩护 support it with strong arguments 56.最杰出的新突破
the most outstanding new breakthroughs 57.并非所有的都 not all 58.得满分
get full marks 59.免费七日欧洲双人游
a 7-day free trip to Europe for two 60.美国宪法
the Constitution of the United States of America 高二英语新教材Unit 12 some phrases 1.大洋中最深的地方the deepest point in the ocean 2.航天飞机
a space shuttle 3.写出概况
make a sketch of 4.我们能战胜所有疾病的时候 a time when we can beat all diseases 5.找到使我们永远年轻的方法
find a way to keep us young forever 6.来自外部太空的生物creatures from outer space
11.把……向前推进一步take… one step further
12.奠定了现代科幻小说的基础
lay the foundation of modern science fiction 13.很久之后才…… long before 14.着手做 set out to do
15.在努力求生时
in their efforts to survive
16.发现自己来到了怪物的表面上
find themselves on the surface of the monster 17.结果是潜艇 turn out to be a submarine 18.越洋航行on a voyage across the oceans 19.可以看见水底世界
give a view of the underwater world 20.穿着潜水服dressed in diving suits 21.发现自己被包围
find themselves surrounded by
22.所有的才在蓝色的海水中随波起伏,慢慢
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移动all waving and moving slowly in the 37.过度工作
work too much blue waters 23.从……开始
begin with 24.进行冒险 go on this adventure 25.通过煤层和大理石层
pass through the layers of coal and marble 26.穿过森林 go through forests 27.受到古老海洋生物的袭击
be attacked by ancient sea creatures 28.最后,终于
in the end 29.被卷进急流 be drawn into a fast stream 30.水下旅行 underwater travel 31.沸腾的河
a boiling river 32.被冰川撞击后
after hitting iceberg
38.前总统
former president 39.对我祖父母的家心怀不轨
misbehave at may grandparent’s house 40.屏幕下端的字幕
subtitles at the bottom of the screen 41.被火车运送到目的地
be transported to the destination by train 42.多种情况下
in many cases 43.乘坐地铁
take the subway 44.整周超时工作 work overtime all week 45.穿着内裤当众行走
walk in public in your underpants 46.在没有指导的情况下摸索
33.开始了第一次航行 set out on its first look for a road without having a map voyage
47.开始进行结智慧的探索
34.沉入海底
sink to the bottom of the enter the search for wisdom sea 35.成为……一例 become an example of 36.成为人们心中永久的痛
become a permanent pain in people’s hearts
48.使人了解
throw light upon 49.许多卓越科学家的著作
the works of many brilliant scientists 50.开辟一条新路
pioneer a new way
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51.吸引我的注意力 attract my attention 52.把自然界最深邃的奥秘展示给世人
unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of nature 53.人体结构 the structure of the human body 54.梦想
dream of 55.身高八尺 about eight feet in height 56.切碎
cut up 57.在十一月的一个夜晚on a night in November 587.烧光
burn out 59.把床上的帘子打开 open the curtain of the bed 60.选词
make a choice of the words
高二英语新教材Unit 13 some phrases 1.用……覆盖
cover with 2.把水和菜油倒入杯中
pour water and vegetable oil into a glass 3.把一支粉笔放入水中put a piece of chalk in water 4.把淡水装入杯子 fill one glass with fresh water 5.保护我们这个星球上的水protect the water on our planet 6.把杯子翻转 turn the glass upside down 7.提出
come up with 8.用这种方法使用水use water in this way 9.从中受益
benefit from
10.大约30亿年前
about three billion years ago
11.海洋生命丰富、多样，令人难以置信
marine life is incredibly rich and varied
12.范围从微生物一直到巨物ranges from the tiniest plankton all the way up to giants
13.水的化学结构 the chemical structure of water
14.赋予水以独特的特性
give water it unique properties
15.由两个氢原子和一个氧原子组成be made up if two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
16.一种极性微粒
a polar molecule 17.分解固体和气体
break down both solids and gases
18.为其他生物所利用become available to other living creatures 19.水在室温下是液体
water is a liquid at room temperature 20.有一个相对高的结冰点
have a relatively high freezing point 21.与纯水混合 mix with pure water 22.一球上大洋的含盐量
the salinity of the earth’s oceans 23.每立米用公斤来衡量
be measured in kilograms per cubic metre 24.利用水的密度
take advantage of the density of water 25.能量
the amount of energy
26.把温度提高1℃ raise the temperature by one degree centigrade
27.释放出大量的热
give off a lot of heat 28.对温度的巨变和突变很敏感be sensitive to large and sudden changes in temperature 29.通过吸收和释放热量而保持稳定
keep steady by absorbing and giving off heat 30.给海洋中的生态系统增加能量 add energy to the marine ecosystems
31.没有任何东西像一滴水一样宝贵 nothing is as precious as a drop of rain
32.我们的未来取决于它our future depends on it
33.变成固体
turn into a solid 34.温度降到零度以下
the temperature drops below 0℃ 35.被加热到100℃以上 when heated above 100℃
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36.海洋中的生命大小各异l ife in the oceans appears in different sizes 37.给……打电话
give sb a call 38.继续在该公司工作
continue working at this company 39.捉弄你
play a trick on sb 40.叫来警察 call in the police 41.海洋是地球上一切生物的发源地
the oceans are the source of life on earth 42.河流与大洋交汇where a river meets the ocean 43.在河口相混合mix together in an estuary 44.制造出一种独特的环境 create a unique environment 45.陆地与海洋的衔接地带
a zone between the land and the sea 46.河口是自然界中幼小生命的繁衍地
estuaries are great places for nature’s young ones 47.三用面支很多危险
without having to face many of the dangers 48.生物的密集度
the density of living creatures 49.海洋哺乳动物
marine mammals 50.吸收营养物质和污染物
absorb nutrients and pollutants 51.对环境污染很敏感
be sensitive to environmental pollution 52.保护动物免遭风暴和洪水
protect animals and plants 53.为人类提供休闲和教育的场所provide both recreation and education for human beings 54.在海滩上嬉戏 have fun on the beach 55.为研究各种生命提供情报无尽的机会
have endless opportunities to study a variety of life 56.通过旅游业和渔业为经济做贡献contribute to the economy through tourism and fishing 57.那么多的物种生活在河口 so many species live in estuaries 58.按事情发生的顺序解释每一步
explain each step in the order it happens 59.给出新词的定义
define new words 60.把……与……相比
compare … to
2.把……投入监狱
put … into prison 3.自由战士
freedom fighter 4.动摇国家的基
shake the foundations of the nation
5.根据肤色判断
judge by the color of their skin
6.根据性格的内涵 by the content of their character
7.像兄弟姐妹般一起散步
walk together as brothers and sisters 8.当农民
work as a farmer 9.与……交朋友
make friends with 10.禁止人们帮助逃跑的奴隶
forbid people to help run away slaves
11.加入行动小组
join an action group 12.在内战中参战
fight in the Civil War 13.积极从事女权运动
be active in the women’s rights movement 14.黑人女孩不能嫁给白人男孩
black girls could not marry white boys 15.民权法案
the Civil Rights Act 16.给…发表演说
give a speech to sb
17.向华盛顿特区进军march on Washington D.C.
18.使他们闻名全世界
make him famous all over the world 19.黑人受到不平等的待遇
blacks are not treated as equal citizens
20.奴隶制在美国结束
slavery ended in the USA
21.为黑人的政治权利而战
fight for political rights for black people 22.为…树立榜样
set an example to sb
23.应当像其他人一样受到尊敬
be treated with respect in the same way as other people
24.获得奖学金
win a scholarship
25.给他以…机会 give him the chance to do 26.可以如愿的自由生活
be free to live, and work as they wished
27.要求社会改革
demand changes in society 高二英语新教材Unit 14 some phrases 28.通过和平手段达到目的 1.获得诺贝尔和平奖receive the Nobel Peace achieve that goal by peaceful actions Price
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29.在白人区坐下来
sit down in the White-only section 30.拒绝为白人让座
refuse to stand up for a white man 31. 领导公交公司进行联合抵制 lead a boycott of the bus company 32.把黑人和白人分开是错误的
it was wrong to separate blacks from whites 33.金打赢了这场官司使他受到全国人民的重视
Winning this case gave King national attention 34.领导反种族歧视的非暴力游行
lead many non-violent demonstrations against racial discrimination 35.黑人就粘机会很少few jobs for blacks 36.激励各种族人为平等而战
inspire people of all races to fight for equality 37.有选举权 have the right to vote 38.随意表达我们想说的
be free to say whatever we want 39.任何的时候 of all times 40.选择自由信仰的权利
in their choice of which god to believe in 41.法国大革命 the French Revolution 42.美独立战争
the American War of Independence 43.国际女权运动
the international movements for the rights of women 44.在现代
in modern times 45.同偏见作斗争 fight against prejudice 46.有共同之处
have in common 47.老百姓
he common people 48.要求受尊重
ask to be treated with respect 49.不理会种族、宗教和性别
regardless of race , religion or sex 50.为他们自己代言
have a voice to speak for themselves 51.要求黑人有更好的居住条件
want better housing conditions for black people 52.不止一个家庭
more than one family
53.提出新观点的好方法
a good way to come up with new ideas 54.使读者吃惊
surprise your readers 55.较开放地谈论话题
approach every topic with an open mind 56.作为平等公民对待
treat as equal citizens 57.被警察逮捕
be arrested by the police
58.生来就是奴隶
be born as a slave 59.携手
join hands 60.乍一be amazed by
SBII Unit 15 some phrases
1.提供一张免费机票
offer a free air ticket 2.沿途停靠5次 make five stops along the way
3.立刻对它进行调查
look into it immediately
4.第一次
for the first time 5.不时地
every now and then 6.有旅游的强烈愿望
get the itch to travel 7.如果你感到有迫切的愿望想打点行装 should you feel the urge to pack you bags 8.巴西第二大城市
Brazil’s second largest city
9.大西洋沿岸along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean
10.使你看到
give you a glimpse of 11.他们以心胸开阔和友善而闻名
be known for their big hearts and friendliness
12.该市的历史文化中心
the city’s cultural and historical heart 13.挨着商店的舞厅耸立着
stand next to stores and dance halls
14.步行穿过商业区等于上了一堂历史课 a walk through downtown Rio is a history lesson
15.里约任何地方离海滩都不远the beach is n ever far away in Rio
16.从商业区乘公共汽车只有几站路 only a few bus stops from downtown
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17.作为海洋公主而闻名
be known as the “princess of the sea”
18.庆百岁生日celebrate its one hundredth find answers to your questions 45.在两者之间选择
choose between different alternatives birthday 19.厌烦
get tired of 20.在大街上
on the main avenue 21.很少的游客会失望地离开里约
few visitors leave Rio felling disappointed 22.旅游旺季
the biggest tourism season 23.为期四天的节日
a four-day festival 24.尝试去……旅游
try a visit to 25.位于奥地利南部
located in southern Austria 26.是滑雪者的天堂
a paradise for skiers 27.世界级滑雪胜地
a world-class ski resort 28.参加速滑比赛 compete in the downhill race 29.没有必要担心there is no need to worry 30.广泛多样的娱乐
a wide variety of entertainment 31. 一饱眼福
a feast for the eyes 32.如果你有足够的精力
should you have enough energy left 33.到游泳池里泡一泡take a dip in the pool 34.在体育馆里活动 work out at the gym 35.在山村被扶养大
be brought up in a mountainous village 36.在城里经营小公司run a small company in a city 37.去锻炼
take exercises 38.我们在闲聊
we are chatting 39.吸引世界各地的游客
attract visitors from all over the world 40.到遥远的地方去旅行
go on a trip to a far-away destination 41.避免最普通的问题
avoid some of the most common problems 42.节约钱的好办法
a good way to save money 43.使预算持续更久
make our budget last longer 44.找到问题的答案
46.喜欢自己安排
prefer to make their own arrangements 47.信用卡
credit cards
48.需要带些现金
need to bring some cash 49.把钱和护照放在安全地方
keep your passport and money in a safe place
50.所有重要文件备副本
make photocopies of all important documents 51.买外币
buy foreign currency
52.如果可能，轻装旅行 travel light if possible 53.兑换钱
exchange money 54.有经验的旅行者
seasoned travelers 55.留在家里
leave at home 56.在我们旅行的第一天 on the first day of our trip
57.旅行日记
a travel diary 58.做笔记
make notes of 59.为……留地方
leave room for 60.对……感到惊奇
be amazed by
高二英语新教材Unit 16 some phrases
1. 被拒绝入美国
be refused entry into the USA 2.与……有关
connected with
3.处理过去的麻烦事 deal with its troubled past
4.土著美洲人
the Native Americans 5.被欧洲殖民者驱逐
be driven off their land by European settlers 6.失业的艰辛 the hardships of unemployment 7.战后国内的**civil unrest in the post-war years
8.大萧条
the Great Depression 9.伤口愈合很慢
be slow to heal 10.伤痕很深
the scars run deep
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11.远远落后
far behind past 13.从毁坏中恢复过来 recover from the destruction 14.非裔美国人社区
African-American community population 16.种族隔离剥夺了他们许多权利 rights 17.目的是aim at 18.城市目击了一连串的冲突 the city saw a series of fierce fights 19.为悼念
in honour of 20.没有白费 be no in vain 21.崭新的黎明似乎就要来临
a new dawn seem to arrive 22.为……而骄傲be proud of Games 24.骄傲地展示它的新形象 be proud to display its new image centre 26.新南部的代表
be representative of the new South 27.下决心be determined to do 28.与老同学保持联系
keep in touch with his former classmates 29.对钱很贪婪be greedy for money 30.总工程师 the chief engineer 31.吉尼斯世界纪录大全
the Guinness Book of World Records 32.不同意他的观点
disagree with him 33.解决问题
solve the problem
34.出售
go on sale roots
36.大规模存在
exist in huge numbers 37.长到肩高
grow to a shoulder-height of 38.被除数用制成项链 be used to make necklace 40.向西迁移
move westwards 41.被迫做
be forced to do 43.与土著首领达成协议
make agreements with Native American chiefs
44.用这种种方法
in this way 45.在平原上修建铁路
build railways across the plains 46.切掉皮cut off the skins 47.改变平原上的野生动物
change the while wildlife of the plains 49.靠……过活
live on 50.消失
die out 51.相反
in turn 53.整个平原的野生动物链
the whole wildlife chain of the plains 54.放弃
give up
55.以……结束
end up with 56.利用野牛
make use of the bison 57.列出相似与区别
list similarities and differences 58.一点一点地
point by point 59.补上
make up
60.一件事，另一件事 one thing, the other 12.从过去的黑暗中走出come out of its dark 35.通过采集草根生存
live by gathering 15.接近一半的人口
nearly half the 39.从1830年起from about 1830 onwards the segregation take away many of their 42.抵制做
resist doing 23.奥运会的主办者the host of the Olympic 48.掉到地上
fall on the ground 25.繁荣的商业中心 a booming business 52.对 ……有影响have an effect on
Unit 17 some phrases
1.试图帮助
try to help
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2.像孩子那样对待我 treat me as if I were a child 3.获小科学家奖win an award for young scientists 4.到处走动
get up to move around 5.很明显
it becomes obvious that… her legs waist 8.在省科学展览中获奖 fair 9.给每个人以…的机
give everybody a chance to do 10.身体的残疾
physical disabilities 11.开发他们的潜能
develop their potential 12.过丰富多彩的生活
live a rich life society college students 16.没有残疾
have no disability 17.不但…,而且
not only…, but also… 18.帮助残疾人
assist disabled people 19.合作以达到他们的生活目标 cooperate to reach their goals in life 20.在社会上起有价值的作用 play a valuable role within society 21.鼓励某人做 inspire sb to do 22.实现他们的梦想
realize their dreams 23.克服困难 overcome difficulties 24.过有意义，有作为的生活
live a meaningful and productive life 25.大约1/3的文章
about one-third of the articles 26.第一个弱视中国人
the first visually impaired Chinese 27.学会忍受我的身体
live with my body life
30.不再
no longer 31.提供指导
offer guidance disabled
33.在绘画方面有天分 be gifted in painting 34.阻止……做
prevent from doing 35.过正常的生活
live a normal life 36.照看自己 take care of herself 37.同她交朋友make friends with her receive the letter from the girl meeting
41.智力残疾的运动员mentally disabled athletes 42.参加特奥会
take part in the Special Olympics 43.团结和友谊的强烈氛围
a strong sense of unity and friendship 44.看起来好像It seems as if 45.第一个冲过终点线
the first one across the finish line
46.尽你所能做得好about being the best you can be
47.多方面的斗士
fighters in more than one 6.没有用腿的能力without the ability to use 28.适应了自己的生活方式 adjust my way of 7.腰部以下没有知觉has no feeling below the 29.习惯于 get used to sth/doing receive an award at her province’s science 32.同情残疾人 have sympathy for the 13.为社会做贡献
make a contribution to 38.收到那个女孩的来信
14.办所特教学院launch a special education 39.出席国际会议attend an international 15.有天赋的残疾学生 gifted disabled 40.就……道歉
apologize for
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way 14.练习做practise doing 48.给…以尊敬和尊treat…with dignity and 15.框外思维think outside the box respect 49.改善生活质量 improve the quality of life 50.参加物奥会
participate in the Special Olympics 51.获得更大的自信心 gain greater self-confidence 52.参加三项竞赛
compete in three events 53.在世界范围内普遍 spread across the world 54.属于
belong to 55.有同等接近…… have equal access to 56.进行调研
conduct a survey of 57.经常，有时
at times 58.保持积极的态度 keep a positive attitude 59.完成任务
complete a task 60.许多障碍
many obstacles
Unit 18 some phrases 1. 扔掉throw away 2.吃点心 have a snack 3.发电 make electricity 4.厌烦 be tired of 5.沉重的笔记本电脑a heavy laptop computer 6.不及眼镜重weigh less than a pair of glasses 7.放出空气let the air out 8.给某人专利 give sb a patent 9.纵观历史 throughout history 10.提出观点 come up with ideas 11.有很多共同之处have much in common 12.有很高的智商have a high IQ 13. 通过思考 by thinking about
16.考虑那些有创造性的解决办法allow for creative solutions 17.为某人提供provide sb with 18.被困住 get stuck
19.摆脱掉旧的思维模式break away from old thought patterns
20.用尽可能多的方in as many ways as possible
21.仍然不可见remain invisible 22.正如……一样 as with
23.一系列不同的尝a series of different attempts
24.与……相连be connected to 25.了解到 be aware of 26.反复试验的结
a long process of trial and error 27.强迫某人做
force sb to do 28.试用思维策略
try using the thinking strategies 29.努力避免失败try to avoid failure 30.相对论Theory of Relativity 31.手工地
by hand
32.把……换成
exchange … for
33.被难题困住 get stuck in a difficult problem
34.台式电脑
a desktop computer 35.掌上电脑
a palmtop computer 36.中国古代四大发明
the four ancient Chinese inventions 37.在音乐方面展示才华show his talent for music
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38.伟大的卡通制片人a great cartoon film maker 39.著名的物理教授
a famous professor of physics 40.著名的喜剧作家
a famous comedian 41.圣经中的人物
a figure in the Bible 42.假如给我三天光明Three days to see 43.越……越
the more…, the more… 44.数码相机
digital camera 45.据说我们生活在信息时代
we’re said to be living in the Information Age. 46.处理，对付
do with 47.与……相似
be similar to 48.储存信息
keep information in its memory 49.明显不同于
be clearly different from 50.毕竟，终究
after all 51.既然
now that 52.快速地
at such a high space 53.将来
in the future 54.科学的暗喻
scientific metaphors 55.把……比作
compare… to… 56.被用来学英语 be sued to study English 57.犯错误
make mistakes 58.知道，追踪
keep track of 59.从中学习
learn from 60.把……翻译
SBII Unit 19 some phrases
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1. 发生
take place 1. 偿还债务 pay back the debt 2. 偿清
pay off 3. 在现代
in modern times 4. 救命
save one’s life 5. 做出重要决定
make an important decision 6. 你当权时有最坏的敌人
had your worst enemy in your power 7. 娶某人
marry sb. 8. 与…… 结婚
be married to 9. 就我所知
as far as I know 10. 开始干
go about 11. 玩一个残酷的游戏 play a cruel game 12. 放弃
give up 13. 最后
in the end 14. 对表示怜悯
have mercy on 15. 答应割一磅肉
promise to take my pound of flesh 16. 没人再相信你的法律
no one will trust your laws any more 17. 尽力与…… 争论是无用的
it’s useless trying to argue with 18. 你还是做…的好
you might as well do 19. 付……款
pay… for 20. 希望
hope for 21. 请坐
please be seated 22. 使……就坐 seat sb/ oneself 23. 与…… 的协议 your agreement with 24. 根据
according to 25. 撕毁文件
tear up the paper 26. 对天发誓
swear to heaven 27. 把胸部露出来offer up your breast 28. 准备做这事
prepare to do the deed 29. 称肉的重量
weigh the flesh 30. 流血而死
bleed to death 31. 准备好
be ready for
32. 拿整个心脏来还债
pay him back with all my heart 33. 拥抱你一下
take you in my arms 34. 宣判
pass your judgement 35. 喜欢做
prefer to do 36. 面对铁石心肠的敌人
face an enemy with a heart of stone 37. 失去了所有航海的船只
lost all his ships at sea 38. 准时，按时 on time 39. 像往常那样 as usual 40. 出海
be at sea 41. 一个条件
on one condition 42. 当笑话对待 treat … as a joke 43. 签协议 sign the agreement
44. 我收到你的信 your letter reached me 45. 研究法律书籍study many law books 46. 站在我的立场 stand in my place
47. 从来不知如此年轻却有如此聪明的头脑
never knew so young a body with so wise a head
48. 你会得到公正 you shall get justice 49. 剥夺
take away from 50. 任由…… 摆布 be at the mercy of 51. 跪下
go down on one’s knees 52. 讫求某人的怜悯 beg… for mercy 53. 值得人发慈悲
be worthy of our kindness
54. 像生命一样宝贵 as dear to me as life 55. 死后把这钱留给女儿 leave the money upon
his death to his daughter
56. 来找他帮忙 come to him for help 57. 醒来
wake up 58. 讲出实情
tell the truth 59. 把孩子切成两半
cut the baby in half
http://
高二英语新教材Unit 20 some phrases 1.石器时代
Stone Age 2.青铜器时代
Bronze Age 3.参观地方博物馆visit a local museum 4.很难找出来
be difficult to find out 5.度假
go on a holiday 6.对……好奇
be curious about 7.随葬
be buried with 8.追溯到…… date back to
9.下葬时左侧躺着be buried in his left side 10.在中欧度过他的青年时代 spend his youth in central Europe 11.骨针
a bone pin 12.或许来自
may have been from 13.两个金耳环 two gold earrings 14.两个陶罐
two pots made of clay 15.在他们旁边有一个垫东西的石头
next to them lay a cushion stone 16.赖以生存
need to survive 17.各种各样的理由 a variety of reasons 18.倾向于认为
tend to believe 19.巨石王
the King of Stonehenge 20.皮衣
a leather coat 21.重几乎20吨 weigh approximately 20 tons 22.平均
on average 23.还不知道这些石头如何运来的
It’s not yet lknown how these were conveyed 24.经过……的距离 over a distance of 25.很可能
it is possible that 26.与……石头有关 link to the stones 27.参与策划
have a hand in planning 28.竖起巨石
pull up the stones 29.欧洲大陆
have a hand in planning 30.就技术发展而言
in terms of technical development 31.用石头制成的
be made of stone
32.用铜和青铜制造工具
make tools of copper and bronze 33.人们认为……
it is thought that 34.武装冲突
armed conflict 35.通过学习贸易和文化交流
through trade and cultural links 36.在当地人的眼中
in the eyes of local people
37.远到西班牙 place as distant as Spain 38.金银珠宝
the gold jewellery 39.知道
have knowledge about 40.同欧洲贸易
trade with Europe 41.又圆又深的碗
a deep round bowl 42.穿着黑衣服
be dressed in black 43.把画钉到墙上 pin the picture to the wall
44.在苏格兰长大grow up in Scotland 45.闻名于中国
become famous all over China 46.建筑工人
construction workers 47.在泥土中发现了象牙和巨石
find ivory and jade in mud 48.(也)不有大量的象牙
as well as a large quantity of ivory 49.充当
serve as 50.古代
in ancient times 51.提醒某人某物 remind sb of sth 52.与……有贸易交流have trade link with 53.据信
It is believed that 54.挖出
dig up
55.热情接待 warmly receive them 56.属于
belong to
57.占地……面积 cover a vast area of 58.神秘的宫殿 the mysterious palaces 59.国王的坟墓 tombs of kings 60.弄清楚 make clear
Unit 1 Phrases
1.练习描写人
practise describing people 2.有所作为
make a difference 3.来自
be from 4.因…而闻名
be known for 5.使一位科学家成功
make a scientist successful 6.想象远比知识更重要
Imagination is more important than knowledge 7.生活中没什么可惧怕的，只有去理解Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood. 8.天才是1%的灵感+99%的汗水
Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. 9.分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的头脑
It takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious 10.你不能教会一个人一切，你只能帮助他亲自去发现
You can’t teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself. 11.惊人之举
be on fire for 12.与…相似
be similar to 13.三位伟大的思想家
three great minds 14.有共同之处
have … in common 15.毫无疑问
there is no doubt that… 16.一位有前途的研究生
a promising graduate student 17.绝症
an incurable disease 18. 不多于… not… more than 19.放弃对未来的梦想
give up our dreams and hopes for the future. 20.取得博士学位
much point in working on my PhD 21.活那么久
survive that long 22.与…订婚 get/ be engaged to sb 23.为了做… in order to do 24.继续他的研究工作
go on with his research 25.阻止某人做
stop sb from doing 26.梦想
dream of 27.继续探索宇宙
continue his exploration of the universe 28.环游世界去做报告
travel around the world to give lectures/ 29.二十世纪七十年代初 in the early 1970s 30.宇宙大爆炸和黑洞
the Big Bang and Black Holes.
- 117.充当
act as 18.似乎又硬又不友善
seems hard and unfriendly 19.天坛
the Temple of Heaven 20.欧洲大教学
the European cathedrals 21.贴近大自然
stand much closer to nature 22.直线
straight lines 23.被鱼皮覆盖
be covered with the skin of skin 24.充满梦幻的色彩与形状
full of fantastic colors and shapes 25.发现自己受日本海贝的鼓舞
find himself inspired by Japanese seashells 26.从顶上看，它看起来好像
Seen from the top, it looks as if 27.被覆盖
be covered with 28.用…填满空间
fill up spaces with 29.指, 参考
refer to 30.利用
make use of 31.属于
belong to 32.A对B就像C对D: A is to B what C is to D 33.使自己被理解
make oneself understood 34.在背后说某人的坏话
say bad words behind one’s back 35.尽快地
as soon as possible 36.使我了解… keep informed of 37.价格在我看来很合适
the price is fine with me 38.做…成功
succeed in doing 39.把画贴在墙上
put up the picture on the wall 40.不适合他们公司does not fit their company 41.使…倒空
leave … empty 42.拆除
pull down 43.废弃多年
stand empty without use for many years 44.在俄罗斯人的帮助下with Russian help 45.用小圆窗装饰
be decorated with small round windows 46.使某人想起 remind sb of 47.与…比较 compared with 48.把…放到一边
set … aside 49.开发成艺术中心
the development into a center for the arts 50.把他们用作画室
use them as studios to paint 51.改变成
be changed into
52.被用作
be used for
53.对艺术家有好处
be good for artists 54.大作品
make large objects 55.远离城市
far from the city
56.摇滚乐师的迁入
rock musicians move in 57.制定计划
make a plan
58.每个大厅特征 special features of each hall 59.创办艺术中心 create an art center 60.列出你喜欢的名单求意见 make lists of your favorite
- 359.向你推荐诗
recommend poems to you 60.很值得努力
be well worth the effort Unit 5 Phrases 1. 代表，象征
stand for 2.他们对于英国文化的看法 their view of British culture 3.由三个国家组成
be made up of three countries 4.(某物)不为人所知 be unknown to many 5.开展蓬勃发展的运动 a growing movement 6.由共同语言和文化维系在一hold together by a common language and culture 7.位于欧洲西海岸外
lie off the west coast of Europe
8.被英吉利海峡与法国隔开 separate from France by the English Channel 9.形成大不列颠本土
form the mainland of Great Britain 10.组成
consist of 11.被…包围
be surrounded by 12.温和多雨
mild with a lot of rain 13.一般说来 in general 14.全年，一年到头
throughout the year 15.伦敦与北方的温差
the difference in temperature between London and the north 16.受…影响
be influenced by 17.定居英格兰
settle in England 18.形成英语的基础
for the basis for English 19.一些本地人some of the native population 20.继续讲他们自己的语言
continue speaking their own language 21.其后几百年来
in the next few hundred years 22.上层阶级 the upper classes 23.老百姓 common people 24.以… 结束
end up with 25.组成联邦 form the Union 26.成立一个单独的国家
form a single state 27.是一个独立的共和国
be now an independent republic 28.在现代
in modern times 29.被认为是不列颠岛的本族语 be considered to be native to the British Isles. 30.把这些语言记录不来并传给后record and teach them to the younger generation 31.中华人民共和国
the People’s Republic of China 32.允许反方向的车通过
allow cars from opposite directions to pass 33.由于她的教师的影响 because of her
teacher’s influence
34.凭第一印象判断人 judge a person only on
the basis of first impressions
35.学些实际有用的东西 learn sth practical 36.节食
be on a diet 37.令家长和教师担心
worry their parents an teachers 38.在中国进行三天的访问
be on a three-day visit in China 39.没有科学的证据
there is no scientific proof for 40.筹集许多钱去帮助癌症的研究
raise a lot of money to help research into the breast cancer
41.遍及整个城市 all around the city 42.饲养羊
raise sheep 43.多达六十万只羊
an many as six hundred thousand sheep 44. 许多古代的文物
many old relics form ancient times
45.土著人墟废ruins of the native population 46. 以其塔楼的高度而闻名
be famous for the height of its tower 47.毫无疑问
without doubt
48.距地面404英尺be from the ground 404 feet 49.两大重要产品和行业
two important kinds of produce and trade 50.许多好规矩
a great deal of good manners 51.生产水果和谷物的肥沃田地
rich fields bearing fruit and grain 52.对…感到吃惊
be surprised with 53.有机会再来中国
get the chance to come to China again 54.众所周知 be well known to all
55.通过努力在英语方面取得更大进步 make greater progress in English through hard work 56.对人的健康有害be bad for people’s health 57.最使我吃惊的
what surprised me most 58.世界强国
world’s most powerful nations
- 5Unit 6 Phrases remain active even in old age 1. 在你听来很古怪 sound absurd to you 33. 更注重健康饮食的重要性pay more 2.陪伴我们
keep us company attention to the importance of a healthy diet 3.我们在一起很有趣 34.旅行时带太多的现金
we have lots of fun together carry too much cash when you travel 4.从她的内存下载资料 35.治疗新的疾病 deal with new diseases download information form her memory 36.喜欢网上冲浪 be fond of surfing the Internet 5.识别电话里的声音
37.人类能生活在火星上
recognize a person’s voice on the phone man be able to live on Mars. 6.远程教育 distance education 38.随着对人体的更深入的了解 7.成为终身学习者
become lifelong learners with a better understanding of a human body 8.欣赏新的和不同的东西
39.完全不同于今天的样子
appreciate what is new and different be quite different from what they are today 9.在健康和医学领域 40.使用智能卡
use smart cards in the field of health and medicine 41.未来的生活会是什么样 10.听天气预报 listen to the weather forecast what life will be like in the future 11.得回双倍的钱
get double their money 42.预测未来的发展 12.含有微型芯片
contain a tiny chip make forecast about future developments 13.脖上手上戴微型电脑wear tiny computers 43.购物付款 pay for their purchases around one’s neck or on one’s wrist 44.窥测未来
catch a glimpse of the future 14.医学的进步
advances in medical science 45.当代社会的主要趋势
15.就…提出建议
give advice on the major trends in contemporary society 16.帮助父母做家务 46.把购物与娱乐相结合
help their parents with the housework combine shopping with fun 17.写故事的结局
write an ending to the story 47.当前的趋势表明了 current trends indicate 18.记忆把她带回1998年春天 his memory 48.到拥护的商店寻找必须品 brought him back to the spring of 1998
search a crowded store for basic goods 19.在遗传和生物化学的新发现 49.环保，节能
new discoveries in genetics and biochemistry be environmentally friendly, energy-saving 20.空中学校和网络学校 50.以430千米/小时运行
schools on the air and e-schools
travel at an amazing 430km/m 21.开一家网上购物商店open an online store 51.保证安全 ensure safety 22.看起来像人类
looks just like a human being 52.与国外公司和客户保持联系
23.输入照顾我的程序
keep in touch with customers and companies in be programmed to take care of me other countries 24.模仿真实的世界 imitate the real world 53.变成了一种娱乐方式 25.打发我的电子朋友清理房间
become a form of entertainment send my e-friend to clean up my room 54.不必担心我们是否污染环境
26.随时随地
whenever they have time and without worrying about whether we are wherever they may be polluting the environment 27.我们的梦想是否会实现
55.将来的商业不会是现在样子 whether our dreams come true it will not be business as usual 28.有准备地迎接未来所带给我们的 56.开始改变他们做生意的方式
be well-prepared for whatever the future may begin reforming the way they do business have in store 57.发现网上购物的好处
29.拥有光明的未来 have a bright future advantages of on line shopping 30.时尚
the trends of fashion 58.通过互联网做生意
31.快餐店
the fast food restaurant business done on the Internet 32.年纪大了很活跃 59.虚拟现实
virtual reality
- 7Unit 7 Phrases 1.接受或容忍 live with 2.对艾滋病人的态度 attitudes towards AIDS 3.感染艾滋病毒
become infected with HIV 4.很难治愈
be difficult to cure 5.通过以下途径传播
be transmitted via the following routes 6.疾病预防控制中心
the Center for Disease Control and Prevention 7.当今最严重的社会问题
the most serious problem today 8.几百万儿童
millions of children 9.破坏人体的免役系统
break down the body’s immune system 10.至于，就…来说
as in one’s case 11.照顾，照看
take care of 12.想念她的母亲
miss her mother 13.受感染儿童的总数
the total number of infected children 14.缺乏适当的医疗保健
a lick of proper health care 15.非常昂贵
much too expensive 16.有机会做某事
have a chance to do 17.鼓励某人做某事
encourage sb to do 18.学会如何自我保护
learn how to protect oneself 19.支持某人
support sb 20.使…感到振奋
cheer them up 21.选择做个医生
choose to be a doctor 22.面对人们对于艾滋病的恐惧
deal with people’s fear of the disease 23.建一个病人与医生的联系网络
create a network of patients and doctors 24.说服某人做某事
persuade sb to do 25.给艾滋病的研究和教育投入更多资金
spend more money on AIDS research and education 26.查清实情
find out the facts 27.一位艾滋病专家
an AIDS specialist 28.与某人握手
shake hands with sb 29.解释艾滋病的传播方式 explain how AIDS spread 30.拥抱某人
give an AIDS patient a hug 31.感到孤单
feel lonely 32.遇到许多困难
meet many difficulties 33.继续与疾病作斗争
- 9
manage to know enough to save lives 31.朝我喊叫
shout at me
32.保持平静不理睬她 keep calm and ignore her
33.摸脉
take a person’s pulse
34.没有明显的反应 give no clear response 35.分四组讨论问题
discuss the questions in groups of four 36.犯错误
make many mistakes
37.如果我们惊慌。我们就不能帮助 if we were to panic, we would not be able to help 38.迷路
lose one’s way 39.去野餐
go for a picnic 40.死于突发性心脏病
die of a sudden heart attack 41.煤气中毒
be gas-poisoned
42.太靠近湖
get too close to the lake 43.他根本就没经验
he has no experience at all
44.关掉所有的电源 turn off all power 45.某事发生在某人身上 sth happen to sb 46.用来纪念这位伟人
in honor of this great man
47.阻止事情发生 prevent bad things from happening
48.处理常见伤 deal with common injuries 49.用流水冲洗伤口
wash the wound with cold running water 50.马上给皮肤降温
cool the area of skin at once 51.搜索房间寻找药物
search the room for any pills 52.把你所找到的一切送到医院
send whatever you find to the hospital 53.腿上有一把刀 with a knife in his leg 54.被狗咬
be bitten by dog
55.事故现场是安全的 the scene of the accident is safe
56.急救箱
a first-aid kit
57.以防紧急情况 in case of an emergency 58.紧急电话号码清单
a list of emergency phone number 59.如果一个人失1/3血,就会死if a person loses one 30. 寻找解决未来问题的方法
find solutions for the future third of his blood, he may die 60.把报纸拿颠倒
hold a newspaper upside down Unit 9 Phrases 1. 解决问题难者 solve the problem 2.生产能量 produce energy 3.出席会议
attend the meeting 4.地球峰会 the Earth summit 5.欢迎参加地球峰会 welcome to the earth summit 6.联合国
the United Nations 7.南非 South Africa 8.这次峰会的主题 the main themes of the summit 9.可持续发展 sustainable development 10.关于不同题目发表演讲
speak about different topics 11.三大公害 the big three 12.饮水污染
contaminated drinking water 13.卫生状况恶劣
poor sanitation 14.世界卫生组织
the World Health Organization 15.地球上的人们 the people on earth 16.喝到洁净的水
have access to clean drinking water 17.在农村地区
in rural areas 18.贫困、战争与暴力 poverty, war and violence 19.参与我们创造新世界
take part in the new world we create 20.强调世界范围的平等与公正
stress the need for equality and direness in the world 21.对…负有责任 have a responsibility towards 22.国际间的合作
international cooperation 23.存在严重的问题 there exist serious problems 24.来得及采取措施 there is still time to take action 25.对环境不利 be bad for the environment 26.空调 air conditioners 27.如果我们稍作改变，就会有大的成效
if all of us make small changes, we could make a big difference 28.在全世界传播 spread across the world 29. 行动的愿望 the willingness to act
- 11
31.立即倒地死去了 immediately fall down dead
32.与其说他看起来死了，不如说睡着了
he looked more sleep than dead
33.记忆犹新
memories are still fresh 34.择要摘取
pick out the important bits 35.活火山
the active volcano 36.被灰尘覆盖
be covered with dirt and ashes 37.复活
come to life 38.埋藏了岛国的首都
bury the capital of the island nation 39.清理的费用
costs for cleaning up 40.催促别国来帮忙
urge other countries to help 41.答应援助100万英镑
promise to offer 1 million pounds in aid 42.热烈欢迎他的到来
be warmly welcomed on his arrival 43.是否
whether … or not
44.你看起来不像是老师
don’t look very much like a teacher
45.返回到故乡 return to their home village 46.天气闷热
the heat is close
47.坏天气就要来临 dirty weather knocking about
48.抬头看天
lift his eyes to the sky 49.突如其来
all of a sudden 50.强劲的飓风
the full force of the hurricane 51.驾驶船驶向大海
move the ship over the high sea
52.风暴中心
the very eye of the wind 53.白色的泡沫水柱 a white tower of water 54.它奔腾着冲向轮船
it raced to meet the ship
55.没有风，纹丝不动
there was no wind, not a breath 56.风一下子小了下去 wind fell all at once 57.把火焰凑近气压表 hold out the little flame towards to the barometer 58.风呼啸着靠近了
the roar of the winds drew near fast 59.国内外的天气
the weather at home and abroad 60.天气状况 the weather conditions
- 13 -
1.假如你叫李华，你的澳大利亚朋友来信想了解有关北京为迎接2008年奥运会而进行的城市美化工作的
情况。请你根据下表内容用英语写一封短信，并欢迎他届时能来北京。
口号：“绿色奥运”
计划投资：122亿美元
美化内容：环境：大面积植树，种草，栽花
环保：使用清洁能源;处理和再利用污水
目标：花园城市;天再蓝些，水再清些
Dear David,
How nice to hear from you again. Now let me tell you something about the beautifyingwork on Beijing for the 2008 Olympic Games. Our slogan is ―Green Olympic‖. 12.2 billiondollars will be spent on this project. A lot more trees, flowers and grass will be plantedin many places to make Beijing more beautiful. We will use clean energy and try out best to
make waste water clean and reuse it. In 2008, you will see Beijing as beautiful as a garden,with cleaner water and a clearer sky.
I look forward to meeting you in Beijing in 2008.
Li Hua
2. 你叫李红，一周前去香港度假时在一家商店买了一件女上衣，现有质量问题。请结合下面提示向该店
外籍经理写一封英文信。
所购衣物：绿色女上衣，价格268元
问题：洗涤时退色，并说明理由。
要求：退款或换衣，并说明理由。
就此事发表看法或提出建议。
Dear Sir,
While I was on holiday in Hong Kong about a week ago, I bought a green blouse for 268dollars in your shop, but there seems to be something wrong with it. When it is washed, thecolor runs. Now I can‘t possibly wear it. It‘s not my fault, so I‘d like you to solve theproblem for me. I insist you change it for another one for me or give me my money back. I
think it‘s better for you to make sure that everything in your shop is good. Then you willhave more customers.
I‘m looking forward to your early reply.
Sincerely,
Li Hong
3. 假定你是李明，你收到了下面这封美国的笔有写来的信。请根据来信的内容写一封回信。 May 28,2003
Dear Li Ming,
I hop you are very well. I‘m glad to tell you that my parents have agreed to let me goto your country this summer. The first city I plan to visit is Beijing, where I will stayfor a week, and then I will go to your city by train to see you and your parents. As wehaven‘t met before, I‘m afraid there will be some difficulty in meeting each other, and I ‘m also afraid that it will not be easy for me to find your house. So please tell me how toget in touch with you while I stay in Beijing and how to meet or find you when I arrive inyour city.
Please give my regards to your parents.
Best wishes
Jack
June 6th, 2003
Dear Jack,
I‘m so happy to learn that you will come to my country and to my home. Let me expressmy warmest welcome to you. My parents insist that I should write back to you as soon aspossible to invite you to our home.
You don‘t have to worry about our meeting each other in my city. Now let me tell youwhat to do. When you have got the train ticket for my city in Beijing, please telephone me.My phone number is 0731-8847543. I will go to the station to meet you. When you get out of
the station, you will see me holding up a little board, on which is written ―Welcome, Jack! ‖ We will surely meet there.
I look forward to seeing you soon.
With kind regards to your parents,
Li Ming
4. 在日常生活中，因特网起着越来越重要的作用。请根据下表所给提示英文为某英文报纸写一篇题为On
the Internet 的征文稿。
因特网的主要用途：
信息：看国内外新闻、获取其他信息
通讯：发e-mail、打电话
学习：上网上学校、阅读各种书籍、自学外语
娱乐：欣赏音乐、观看体育比赛、晚期排游戏
生活：购物、聊天
On the Internet
The internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. On the net, wecan learn news both at home and abroad and all kinds of other information as well. We can
also send messages by E-mail, make phone calls, go to net school, read various kinds ofbooks and learn foreign languages by ourselves. Besides, we can enjoy music, watch sports or
matches and play chess or cards. On the net, we can even do shopping, have a chat withothers and make friends with them. In a word, the Internet has made our life more colorful.
5. 假设你叫王红，于5月7日星期五在学校门口看到两则海报后，决定邀你的好友Harry一起参加其中的一
项活动。你赶到Harry住处时，发现他不在。请根据海报内容给Harry 写一张留言条，要他选择其中的一
项活动并尽快通知你。
Movie –Gone with the Wind
In the School Hall
Sat.
8 May
7 p.m.
Lecture—Women ‗s Liberation
Speaker: Prof. Power--- writer of
The Other Half of the Sky
Date: Sat., 8 May 27, 2005
Time: 7 p.m.
Place: Room 10
1Dear Harry,
It‘s a pity that you are not in, so have to leave you a note. There are two posters atthe school gate. One is about the movie ― Gone with the Wind‖, which is to be shown at 7Saturday evening in the school hall. The other is about a lecture on women‘s liberation,which is to be given by Prof. Betty Power, writer of the book ― The Other Half of the Sky‖ , at 7 on Saturday evening in Room 101. I‘d like to invite you to either the movie or thelecture, but I wonder which you would prefer. Please let me know your decision as soon aspossible.
Wang Hong
6. 假如你是李华，你澳大利亚的朋友Johnson来信告知将来北京工作，他打算买一套合适的住房。碰巧你
在报纸上看到了一则售房广告。该房位于市中心，交通十分便利。给Johnson写一封信，介绍住房的情况
，以征求意见。
Dear Johnson,
Thanks for your letter. I‘m very glad to learn that you‘re coming to Beijing. You sayyou want to by an apartment in Beijing, and here is one for you. The apartment building lies
in the center of the city. It is very convenient for you to travel anywhere from here. Theapartment is made up of six rooms—a living room, a dining room, two bedrooms, a kitchen and
a bathroom. A newly built parking lot lies in front of the apartment building. A lawn andmany trees are around it, which makes the air here very fresh. I‘d like to know your
opinion about the apartment. If you‘re satisfied with it, just telephone me. My telephonenumber is 010-64308389.
I‘m looking forward to your reply.
Best wishes to you,
Yours truly,
Li hua
7.假设你是李平，将赴美学习，并已拿到去纽约的机票。请你根据下面你将乘坐的班机起落时间表，写
信告所将到纽约机场接你的美国朋友John.
SCHEDULE
FromToFlightDateTimeArrival
BeijingShanghaiCA981June2510:20 AM12:20 PM
ShanghaiLos AngelesCA981June 2513:40 PM10:50 AM
Los AngelesNew YorkCA981June 2514:45 PM19:45 PM
Dear John,
I‘ve got my plane ticket to New York, I will take Flight CA981 to New York on June
25th. My plane takes off at 10:20 AM from Beijing Airport. It arrives at Shanghai at 12:20PM and stops for one hour and twenty minutes. Then it continue its flight and lands at LosAngles at 10:50 AM on June 25th. I will have to stay about four hours at Los Angles Airport.Then my plane leaves Los Angles at 14:45 PM. The flight takes five hours and I will finallyget to New York at 7:45 in the evening.
I‘m looking forward to meeting you soon.
Yours
Li Ping
8. 下面是一家电子公司刊登在2002年2月6日的China Daily 上的一则招聘广告。假如你是李平，符合该
公司的招聘条件，并对其待遇感到满意，请写一封自荐信。
Part-timeLab Assistant Wanted
Required by busy electronics company to help with the development of computer. Should
have an electronics degree andpractical experience of working in an electronics lab.Should be good at physics and English. Should be in good health. Hours 3:30 pm—5:00pm. Mon.
–Fri. Salary: 3520. Letter of application to: Mrs. Chan NOVA
LECTRONICS, 45 GORDON Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon.
NOVA EECTRONICS
45 Gordon Rd
HungHom, Kowloon
February 8th, 2003
Dear Mrs. Chan,
Having seen your advertisement for a part-time lab assistant to help with development of
computer in China Daily, I beg to offer myself for the position.
I graduated from the Physics Department of Beijing University with an electronics degree
and I have been working in the electronics lab in Honda Electronics Company in
Guangdong for
five years. I‘m good at physics and both my spoken English and written English are verygood. Besides, I‘m in good health because I like sports very much. I work in my companyfrom 8:00 am to 12:00 am. From Monday to Friday, so I‘m quite able to work in your company
from 3:30 pm to 5:00pm. And I‘m quite pleased with the salary your company offers.Yours sincerely
Li Ping
9. 张华在有一个外宾参观团居住的宾馆丢失了一个方形的棕色手提箱，箱内有收音机、照相机个一台、 三卷胶卷、两件衬衣、一张从深圳去纽约的飞机票和一本电影杂志。请你为他用英语协议则寻物启示，并
写明：如有拾到者，请马上与他联系，他的电话号码时0755-3319582，他将不胜感激。
Lost
I wonder if I can get some help from you. I left my case in this hotel today. My case issquare and brown in color. Inside the case, there is a radio, a camera, three rolls of filmand two shirts. I also have a movie magazine and a plane ticket from Shenzhen to New York in
it. Will the finder please get in touch with me at once? My telephone number is 0755- 3319582. I will be very thankful .
Zhang Hua
10. 你是黎明。请以为题，向英文报纸写一封信，批评子女虐待老人，老人死后却又花钱大*大办丧事的
不良社会风气。信的开头部分已经写好，要求根据下面的要点提示将信补全
1.二自虐待老人的事例：在住、吃、治病方面各举一例;
2.老人死后儿子花钱大办丧事的事例：2-3例。
Big Funeral Is Too Late
Dear editor:
Grandma Li was my neighbor, who died last month. The old lady had three sons. All ofthem had grown up and got married, but none of them wanted to take care of her. They let her
live in a small dark room. They gave her little food. When she got ill, they refused to takeher to hospital.
But to my surprise, the old lady‘s sons spent a lot of money on her funeral. The
funeral lasted several days, and scores of cars and trucks were used on the day when the old
lady was buried.
What is the use of such a big funeral for the old lady? It is too late for her. We
should take care of old parent s while they are alive instead of spending so much money onthem when they are dead.
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