考研英语小作文讲义大全
英语作文之应用文体一. 作文类型：感谢信(thanks)，祝贺信(congratulation)，道歉信(apology)，邀请信(invitation) 倡导信(建议信)(suggestion); 投诉信(complaint)，询问信(inquiry)请求信(require)婉拒信(decline)，求职信(application)，推荐信(recommendation)，公告(notice)备忘(memo),
二. 作文格式：三三原则1.三个逗号;2.三个段落;3.三个永恒
1. 三永恒：Jan.9th, 2011,Dear XX,Yours,
2. 三逗号：日期中，称呼后，署名后
3. 三段式：首段说明写信意愿和目的+第二段展开内容+末端呼应首段，再一次强调写信用意，并表达祝愿。
三. 作文格式注意事项：
1.日期的格式和位置;-----Jan.9th,2011 在右上角
2.称呼的格式：Dear Sir, Dear Madam Helen, Dear John, Dear Professor Smith,
男士：Mr.女士：Mrs./ Ms./Miss教授、博士：Prof./Dr.
市长，法官，议员，其他高官：Hon.(Honorable,尊敬的)
编辑：Editor
不清楚对方姓名：Dear Sir/Sirs, Dear Madam/Madams, Dear Sir or Madam, To Whom It May Concern,
3. 署名的格式：右下角，Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours, Sincerely,
4.正文开头空四格
A letter of Congratulations
Jan.10th, 2011
Dear Jack,
I am so delighted to hear that you have just been admitted into the prestigious Peking University. Please accept my heartiest congratulations to you!
This is a special moment for you and all the friends as well as relatives, and I do want to share the happiness with you.After years of hard and creative work and study, you have finally got what you really deserve. I’m convinced that this will be a new beginning, a chance for you to embrace a broader future.
I wish you good luck and keep pursuing a brighter future.
Sincerely yours,
LiMing
Dear Jack,
I am writing to thank you for your kindness. It is kind of you to invite us to have dinner with your parents.
We had a great time in your house, tasting western food, learning about American culture and chatting about what happened in our class. Your mother has great cooking skills and your father knows a lot about china, which impressed us a lot. They ‘re really friendly and generous.
By the way, would you like to come to my house at 6 pm next Sunday if it is convenient for you? We will have dinner together and you can make some new friends. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours, Li Hua
第一点是遣词的原则：
1、 同学们一定要尽量使用高等词汇及短语，如果仅仅记住几个简单基础的词汇，而且一味的重复低水平的英语知识点，远远达不到要求。同时，也会给阅卷老师造成视觉疲劳，所以一定要“新颖”来抓住老师的眼球，只有这样，你的作文才能得到高分。比如： 最近深受同学们喜欢的畅销小说慕光之城中的男主角爱德华先生是那么的帅气，他冷峻的外表下藏着一颗炽热的心，也就是这一点让亿万女生为止动容。当我们想表达这个小伙儿十分帅气时，可能首先想到的是handsome， cool and good looking这三个词，但是，在你使用这三个词的同时，其他的同学也会使用，这样一来千篇一律，没有任何创意，这几个词汇也显得特别的乏味，判卷老师自然也不会对你的作文有任何印象，更不用想要得高分了。因此，在这个时刻，我们一定要用一些高级词汇，比如：attractive， charming等等，如果你非要用以上三个单词，完全可以加上一些等同于very的形容词加以修饰，比如：incredible handsome， extremely cool等等。再比如：我们在描述一个景点的时候，同学们首先想到的形容词是great， wonderful， amazing and interesting等词汇。这些词汇没有任何创新，因此，如果你用以下词汇，效果肯定会完全不同，例如：fantastic， fabulous， marvelous， extraordinary， remarkable等词。不但使判卷老师印象深刻，还可以归为高分那个层次，何乐而不为呢?
2、 在使用高等词汇及短语的同时不要忘记使用俗词中的不俗意。比如：在09年重庆中考满分作文中写道这样一句话：I„m afraid the food in the new school won‟t agree with me. 初看这句话似乎存在语法错误，怎么可以食物不同意我呢?其实不然，这是美国的一句俚语，意思是食物不合胃口。再来看看08年湖北省荆州市中考写作，以My Hometown 为主题写篇作文，其中一篇满分作文中写道I was born in a beautiful city with a rich culture. People in the town are hard-working though they are having a richer and better life. 在同一篇文章中用到了同样的词语rich但却是不同意，一个表达了丰富的文化，另一个则表示过着富裕的生活。这样巧妙的使用词语，怎能不让老师给满分或是高分呢?
要想达到以上的写作水平就要求同学们在平时的训练中，有意识的强化“复杂，高级”这两个概念，使自己的作文能区别于普通的作文，使自己一下子就站在一个比较高的位置上，充分显示自己的实力。平时学习过程中就要注意总结各种各样的词汇，储备起来以备用。
第二点是造句的原则：
句子是表达一个完整意思的最小单位，所以造句能力在英文写作中是非常重要的。好的英语句子能够生动，形象，准确的表达内容。所以要想写出漂亮的书面表达，必须从写好句子开始。如何才能写出好句子来呢?我们首先可以从山寨开始。比如轩尼诗XO有句广告语非常优美，它是这样说的：To me， the past was black and white，but the future is always colorful.再比如，我们众所周知两句话Nothing is impossible!和 Anything is possible!有很多同学在自己的作文中写过这两句话，但是太俗套了，现在又出现了另一句来自佳能广告中广告语Impossible made possible.如果可以在自己的作文中用上这句话，那一定是酷毙了，帅呆了!
当然，我们不可以总是山寨，因此，可以借用一些句子，稍加修饰后变为自己的。比如：A diamond lasts forever. 钻石恒久远，一颗永流传。这是非常经典的一句话，但是离我们的生活有些远且作文中用到的几率比较小，不过我们可以稍加修饰就可以使用在自己的作文中了。比如：Friendship lasts forever. Maternal love lasts forever. The teachers„ love lasts forever. 不但老师看着开心，分数自然也就上去了。
第三点是谋篇的原则：
优秀的作文都有个共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。文章的连贯性和紧凑感是很重要的。句子作为最小的表达意思的语言单位，如果只是被随意的整合，是无法达到有效表达的目的。
My Good Friend
My good friend is Tom. He is a boy. He is my classmate. He is thirteen years old.
Tom is tall and thin. He has two big eyes and long hair. He likes wearing
jeans and sports shoes. We have same interests. We like playing basketball
after school. He likes sports very much.He is a good student. He is good atmath. He always helps me learn math. He can speak a little English. His favoriteanimals are pandas. Sometimes he goes to school on foot. He is my best friendforever.
My day
Hello, everyone! I get up early at six thirty.Then I have breakfast and go to school. In the morning we have four lessons, they’re two English lessons, one Chinese lesson and one history lesson. I like English best. At noon we have lunch at school, we have rice and vegetables, but we don’t like them very much. In the afternoon we have two math lessons and one music lesson. Math is difficult, but I study hard. And we sing a beautiful song. We finish school at a five to five. I play basketball with my friends after school. It’s fun! Then I go home and do my homework, next I have dinner with my parents and watch TV. I go to bed at nine o’clock.
My pet-----
I have a pet cat. Her name is Ding ding. She is cute and clever. She has short hair. She is my good friend. I often feed water and meals after school. We often play with together. I often take her a walk to go out. Sometimes we sit on the sofa to watch TV. But now I am very busy. I don’t have too much time to play with her. I have to do too much homework every day.
All in all. I love her all the time.
My family
I have a happy family .There are five people in my family. Hear is a photo
of my family.
My grandmother is old and kind. She often tells old jokes. My father is
hard-working man. He works from morning to night. He is tall and thin. He is
strict with me. But he loves me a lot. My mother is kind. She is of medium
height. He gets up early to make breakfast for us. He looks after us everydaylife. My brother and I are students. But we aren’t same grade. He is grade nine.He likes playing basketball very much ,I like playing basketball, too. We oftenplay basketball on weekends.
My family is full of love. I love my family very much.
My weekend
I have happy and interesting weekend. On Saturday morning, I ate breakfast.
Then I did my homework. It was a little hard for me . ButI studied hard. In the afternoon, I played basketball with my friends in the park. In the evening, I watched talk show with family. It’s interesting. On the Sunday morning, I helped my mother cook. My mother taught me to make soup. Then we had breakfast and fedmy cat. Next, I watched TV. In the afternoon, I went to school. In the evening I took classes. I went to bed at a quarter to ten.
My favorite subject is math
My favorite subject is math. Some people think it’s difficult. I think it’s intereting. I like my math teacher. He is funny. He often tells jokes in the class. Sometimes it’s hard, but I study hard. I want to be a math teacher.
一、用于驳性和比较性论文
1. In general, I don’t agree with
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. 3. The chief reason why… is that… 4. There is no true that… 5. It is not true that…
6. It can be easily denied than…
7. We have no reason to believe that… 8. What is more serious is that… 9. But it is pity that…
10. Besides, we should not neglect that…
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore…
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… 13. Perhaps I was question why…
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to…
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but 16. What seems to be the trouble is…
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that…
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that…
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… 20. What these people fail to consider is that…
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that …
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. 23. The advantages of B are much greater than A.
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration.
二、用于描写图表和数据
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. 2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. 3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. 4. It would be expected to increase 5 times.
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. 6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. 7. The total number was lowered by 10%.
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. 9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. 10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with…
三、用于解释性和阐述性论说文
1. Everybody knows that…
2. It can be easily proved that… 3. It is true that…
4. No one can deny that
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 6. The chief reason is that… 7. We must recognize that… 8. There is on doubt that… 9. I am of the opinion that…
10. This can be expressed as follows; 11. To take …for an example… 12. We have reason to believe that 13. Now that we know that…
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… 15. The change in …largely results from the fact that
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally…
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… 18. Perhaps the primary reason is… 19. It is chiefly responsible of…
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact…
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… 22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that…
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… 24. Different people observes it in different ways.
四、用于文章的开头
1. As the proverb says…
2. It goes without saying tan… 3. Generally speaking…
4. It is quite clear than because… 5. It is often said that …
6. Many people often ask such question:“… ? ” 7. More and more people have come to realize… 8. There is no doubt that… 9. Some people believe that…
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? 11. One great man said that…
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. 13. In the past several years there has been…
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… 15. Currently there is a widespread concern that…
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… 17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of …
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently.
五、用于文章的结尾
1. from this point of view… 2. in a word… 3. in conclusion…
4. on account of this we can find that… 5. the result is dependent on…
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: 7. thus, this is the reason why we must… 8. to sum up …
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… 10. It is obvious that…
11. There is little doubt that…
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way.
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on…
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that…
六、用于论证和说明
1. As it is described that… 2. It has been illustrated that… 3. It provides a good example of… 4. We may cite another instance of…
5. History man provides us with the examples of… 6. A number of further facts may be added…
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. 8. A recent investigation indicate that… 9. According to the statistics provided …
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… 11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… 12. All available evidence points to the fact that… 13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… 14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… 15. The idea may be proved by facts… 16. All the fact s suggest that… 17. No one can deny the fact that…
18. We may face the undeniable fact that…
1.童年的快乐和痛苦
2.如何应付面试 3.超市
4.大学生应当做业余兼职吗
5.对参加生日聚会的回复
6.我对电子邮件的看法
7.住在城市-疯狂的念头
8.跳槽
9.年青人与老年人
10.电力与我们的生活
11.关掉你的手机
12.健康的生活方式
13.教育——为走上社会作准备
14.打电话还是写信
15.应聘信
16.投诉信
17.我喜欢的旅行方式
1、、、、The Pleasures and Pains of Childhood童年的快乐和痛苦
Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed , looked after and loved, whatever he may do . It is improbable that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return . In addition , life is always presenting new things to the child————things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well————known .A child finds pleasure in playing in the rain , or in the snow . His first visit to the seaside is a marvelous adventure. But a child has his pains : he is not so free to do as he wishes as he thinks older people are :he is continually being told not to do things , or being punished for what he has done wrong . His life is therefore not perfectly happy.
2、、、、How to Behave in an Interview如何应付面试
In order to make a good impression during a job interview , you need to prepare yourself for it . You must arrive in plenty of time for the interview , so that you give yourself a little time to relax before the interview begins. The impression you make as you walk into the room is very important . Try to find out if the company or organization has rules about dress . Then try to dress according to their regulations . You also need to plan what you are going to say . In some interviews you will have to do a lot of talking , and in others you will only have to answer a few questions about your education and experience . You need to have answers ready about yourself , your schoolwork , your strong points , your reasons for applying for the job , and the salary you expect . You will also be allowed to ask some questions . The questions you ask will show the interviewer that you have given careful thought to the position . You can ask questions like these: What duties will I have to do in the job ? Does the company provide health insurance? Does the company provide opportunities for further education?
3、、、、Supermarkets超市
People all over the world shop in supermarkets. When you enter supermarkets , you will see shelves loaded with goods . You will hear soft , light music as you walk along the aisles , Food in supermarkets seem to be very attractive. A large supermarket is a big business . In adition to food items , many other goods such as house wares , school supplies , toys , clothing , magazines and even books are sold in supermarkets . It is a place where housewives frequent . It tries to meet her needs so that when she leaves, she’ll shop nowhere else. Supermarkets are becoming more and more popular . There is no doubt about it ————more and more housewives around the world will soon be standing in the check-in line.
4、、、、Should College Students do Part-time Jobs? 大学生应当做业余兼职吗
Most students think that doing part-time jobs when studying at college can provide them with an opportunity to get in touch with the society . Also , some students do part-time jobs to support themselves. They are said to work through college. However , it’s not easy to find jobs which are suitable for students . Some jobs requiring long hours of tedious work under tough conditions may do harm to their health . Besides , some jobs may expose them to the negative aspects of society————dishonesty and corruption. Therefore, students should take a second thought in deciding whether they should do part-time jobs or what kind of jobs they should choose. If they are lucky enough to take a good job , it will benefit them enormously . Otherwise , it may waste their time and their energy.
5、、、、 A Reply to a Birthday Party 对参加生日聚会的回复
Dear Henry, Happy birthday to you ! I got the invitation to your birthday party yesterday morning . Thanks so much for inviting me to join in your party . I tried hard to reschedule my activities, but I am sorry to tell you that I will not be able to join you .My boss and I have to leave for shanghai next week for an international trade affair . There is not any possibility of canceling it . I will go to see you as soon I am back I am sure you will have a great fun at the party! Sincerely yours, Jane
6、、、、My View on E-mail我对电子邮件的看法
Electronic mail , or E-mail for short , is a new way of communication by means of computers . Fast , cheap and convenient, E-mail is so popular that it has become an indispensable means of communication. Millions of computers all over the word have been connected to form a global network, namely the Internet, You can send and receive by E-mail documents , letters and papers to anyone in other countries in no time . By using E-mail you can also store ,delete, compile information. In a word, E-mail helps you overcome spatial and time limitations in communication. With the rapidly growing popularity of computers and the expansion of information highway , E-mail is expected to play a more and more important role in our lives.
7、、、、Living in a City-a Crazy Idea住在城市-疯狂的念头
Tired of the city life, some city-dwellers opt for city suburbs as their residence. They are flocking there to avoid people-in the city, wherever you look, it’s people , people, people. It’s not strange for them complain about the living conditions in the city . It takes ages for a bus to get to you because the traffic on the roads has virtually come to a standstill. The subways which leave or arrive every few minutes are packed: an endless procession of human sardine tins. All the simple , good things of life like sunshine and fresh air are at a premium . Tall buildings blot out the sun. The flow of traffic goes on continuously and the noise never stops. Decades of years ago , people were crazy about crowding into the city . Now more and more people believe that only a madman would choose to live in a large modern city.
8、、、、Career Hopping跳槽
Today , growing numbers of men and women are changing careers or getting second starts in careers that have greater appeal to them . Many of those who find that their work is unsatisfactory retrain themselves for a different occupation. Job changes and careers shifts occur at all ages. It is estimated that as many as one out of four male workers between the ages of twenty and twenty-five change their lines of work. About half that number do so between the ages of twenty-five and forty-for . Some married women combine child-rearing responsibilities with new career lines. Motives for changing careers vary widely , but many people move because they feel bored with the dull routine. For some , a second start grows out of the realization that what they want out of life is not what they are doing , and they decide to do what they enjoy. Most go back to school to get the training they need to make the shifts.
9、、、、The Young and the old年青人与老年人
When the young man starts to earn his own living , he becomes free from discipline of school and parents; but at the same time he is forced to accept responsibilities. He can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes , and his room , but has to work if he wants to live comfortably . If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child , he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health , he can have the great happiness of seeing himself make steady progress in his job and of building up for himself his own position in society. Old age has always been thought of as the worst age to be ; but it is not necessary for the old to be unhappy . With old age should come wisdom and the ability to help others with advice wisely given. The old can have the joy of seeing their children making progress in life ; they can watch their grandchildren growing up around them ; and , perhaps best of all, they can , if their life has been a useful one , feel the happiness of having come through the battle of life safely and of having reached a time when they can lie back and rest, leaving others to continue the fight.
10、、、、Electricity and our life电力与我们的生活
Since its invention , electricity has found wide applications in industry , agriculture and scientific research . it is so essential to our daily life that , without electricity , we could not enjoy modern comforts because home appliances would function. Without electricity , we could not cook food , wash clothes and watch TV. Roughly , there are three ways to save electricity. First , we should produce electricity-saving home appliances. Second , remember to turn off the light when you leave a room . Lastly , we should change our way of life . Avoid as much as possible the “artificial life ” powered by electricity.
11、、、、Turn off your mobile phone关掉你的手机
With the development of information technology and reduced price of communication products, the mobile phone has become a necessity for people .It is obvious that it shortens the distance between people and makes our life more convenient . Thanks to it , it’s easy for us to contact others anytime and anywhere. However, have you noticed that the mobile phone also brings embarrassment to people? It’s not rare to see people pressing the mobile phone to his ear and shouting loudly in public as if there were no one else present . It is more than likely that you have noticed that the mobile phones ring continuously on a formal occasion. People around them have to listen to the noise and they can’t concentrate on what they’re doing
12、、、、A healthy lifestyle健康的生活方
Dear James, I am glad to get your letter. Do you still feel stressful? As far as I know , a lot of people live in a way that is wearing themselves out . In fact , life doesn’t have to be like that . It is wise to bear an important principle in your mind ————————managing time. To make it simple , decide what you want in your life, and put that first. Whatever makes you feel good about yourself and your life, just do it! Take a nap, or a walk. Take time to play the piano. Stop bringing your briefcase home from the office. Fill more of your time with want-to-dos instead of have-to-dos. Each of us has to make choices and accept trade-offs. Anyhow, we should do something for ourselves. I hope you can manage your life! Stay cool!
Yours faithfully,
Linda
13、、、、Education-preparation for society教育————————为走上社会作准备
Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children for the purpose of educating them; our purpose is to fit them for life. Because of the development in modern education, many people avail of the opportunities to receive college education. But there are not enough positions for people with university degrees. Besides, some graduates refuse to do what they think “low” jobs————work with hands is thought to be indecent. In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us should do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability, and secondly, that we must realize that all jobs are necessary to society.
14、、、、Making a phone call or writing a letter打电话还是写信
When there is a need to communicate with people, we either make a phone call or write a letter,. Some people like making a phone call while others prefer writing a letter. The advantage of phoning is evident. It is handy and fast. We can contact whomever we want to and talk with him right away. By making phone calls, people can discuss things as if they were in the same room. However, there are still some people who prefer to write letters. There is no doubt that letters are less expensive than long-distance calls. Besides it is a better choice for those who are not good at expressing themselves orally. However, it takes days, even weeks for a letter to reach its destination. Both making a phone call and writing a letter are effective means of communication. It seems advisable to make use of them both on different occasions.
15、、、、A letter of application应聘信
Dear sir: I was pleased to see your ad in the newspaper on December 25th for a sales engineer. In July I will receive my bachelor’s degree in Electronic from Nanjing University, and I would like to be considered for the post. I believe I am a competitive candidate for your post because both my education and work experience meet your requirement. Besides degree courses concerning electronics, I also took such courses as marketing, Consumer Behavior Strategies. Last summer, I participated in an electronic project, from which I have gained practical experience in this field. I would welcome an opportunity to join your company because your post is what I’ve been preparing for. If you feel that I might be the right person for the job I would be ready for an interview at your convenience. I am looking forward to your reply! Sincerely yours, Zhou Fang
16、、、、A letter of complaint投诉信
Dear sir: I am writing to complain about one of your bus drivers, who was so rude to the passengers. Yesterday, I was taking the bus No. 133 to school. It was about 9:30 in the morning. It was not the rush-hour and there were not many passengers on the bus. But the driver drove so fast and he didn’t slow down even when the bus turned round street corners. One of the passengers asked him to drive slowly but he did not listen. When the bus reached the next stop, a man stood up and walked toward the door. The driver stopped the bus so suddenly that the man could not keep his balance and fell on the floor. The driver didn’t make an apology and asked him to get off the bus right away. I think that public bus system should serve the public whole-heartedly. The safety of passengers should be the major concern. It is my sinc
17、、、、My favorite mode of travel我喜欢的旅行方式
With the improvement of people’s living standards, more and more people are making a holiday trip to places of interest. While many like to join package tours for convenience’s sake, I prefer to travel by myself. I like traveling on my own not only because it costs less but because it gives me freedom. Traveling on my own, I’m my own boss and can decide when to start or where to linger I can adjust my own plan. By contrast, in a package tour you’re deprived of such freedom as you are supposed to follow the agenda of the tour team. True, you may encounter inconveniences if you travel along; getting accommodations for the night and finding a place for meals might give you headaches. But nothing can be compared with freedom————the freedom which is vital to a preson who takes a holiday trip to be free from constrains of the routine life. Liu Yuan
推荐阅读：
考研英语作文话题大全（共9篇）12-09
考研英语作文04-03
考研英语作文备考05-16
考研英语作文解析05-28
考研英语作文练习10-14
环境问题考研英语作文06-01
考研英语作文怎么复习10-29
考研英语作文教育类12-21
英语作文考研（推荐8篇）05-17
考研英语作文背几篇12-22
