试析《〈现代大学英语〉学生辅导用书》中的参考译文
本文以短篇小说《说“是”》的英译文为例简要评析了《〈现代大学英语〉学生辅导用书》中的参考译文。文章认为，作为为学生提供参考的课文译文，应精益求精，力争在信达雅各方面都经得起推敲，耐得起考验。
《〈现代大学英语〉学生辅导用书》 译文 质量
《〈现代大学英语〉学生辅导用书》是普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材《现代大学英语》的配套用书，主要编写者均为主编该套教材的原班人马，无论从资历、阅历抑或编书经验上，都堪称学界一流人士，所以教材和辅导用书的质量是毋庸置疑的，自初版至今，经受住了时间和历史的考验。
《〈现代大学英语〉学生辅导用书》的亮点很多，不是本文要探究的。我们这里只想就其提供的参考译文略作讨论。总体上，译文基本译出了原文的意义、口吻，甚至风格也极贴近，可谓做到了“忠实”，也即“信”;表达通顺、连贯，做到了“达”，甚至也比较雅，正像译者在《使用说明》中所写的那样，是编写者的“精心翻译”，“目的是帮助学习者准确地理解原文，同时也使译文成为经得起推敲的、耐人寻味的精品。”既然译者这样自信，我们就真地来推敲推敲，当然这纯粹是学术上的争鸣，并非蓄意诋毁的煽情之作。我们的宗旨是希望为译者提供一种参考，以便将来该书再版时能“精益求精”，成就臻品，这样受益的便是我们的学生。
限于篇幅，本文不打算过度阐发，而只就短篇小说《说“是”》(Say Yes)的英译文中的一些似可商榷的例句略作讨论。《说“是”》是美国当代作家托拜厄斯?沃尔夫(Tobias Wolff，1945—)发表于1985年的作品，小说篇幅短小，情节简单，结构紧凑，表面上叙述了一对普通美国夫妇的一次小争吵，但主要是通过截取美国现代生活的一个横断面，来反映现代美国妇女在种族歧视问题上的原则立场以及种族歧视在美国已变得更加微妙和不可捉摸的社会现实。小说同时也揭示了到处宣扬自由平等、实则奉行种族歧视的美国，要想实现真正的人人平等，依然有很长的路要走。该文在文化全球化的今天尤有重要的启示意义，因为伴随着不同种族乃至不同信仰、社会地位、家庭背景、文化层次的人们的频繁交流，彼此的偏见和歧视无疑会成为一个难以逾越的障碍。
例1：Unlike most men he knew, he really pitched in on the housework. (para.1)
原译：他和他认识的大多数男人不同，他真的努力帮忙做家务。
改译：和大多数男人不一样，他实实在在地帮老婆做家务。
原译不符合汉语表达习惯。代词“他”在一个小句中重复三次，完全没有必要，有明显的欧化痕迹。另外，really直译为“真的”，有和“假的”相对立之嫌，好像别人家的男人是“假的”干家务。其实，这里的really应理解为“不折不扣、实实在在”，意思是他不像有的男人那样敷衍了事。
例2：A few months earlier he’d overheard a friend of his wife’s congratulate her on having such a considerate husband. (para.1)
原译：几个月前，他无意中听到妻子的一个朋友恭喜她找到了这么体贴的丈夫。
改译：几个月前，他还无意中听到，妻子的一个朋友恭喜她有这么一位体贴的丈夫。
虽然改译后的句子只比原译多了一个逗号和一个“还”字，但显得比原译通顺了不少，并且更能体现上下文的转承关系。而原译太拧、太长、拗口，这是过度受制于原文的英语句式结构所致。其实，汉语叙事文体若不是特殊风格或修辞所需，一般都是小句居多，不像英语那样习惯使用较长的表述，翻译时一定要考虑译入语的表达习惯，进行合适的转换。再如下句，
例3：“But it’s different. A person from their culture and a person from our culture could never really know each other.”(para.8)
原译：“但结婚就不一样了。来自于他们文化背景的人和来自于我们文化背景的人不可能真正了解对方。”
改译：“但结婚就不一样了。文化不同，根本就不可能了解对方。”
这无疑又是一个欧化很重的句子，译文受原文结构所牵，斤斤于形似。再说，唇枪舌战中，任何一方也不至于说出这么又长又硬的话，它太不经济了，违反了基本的语用原则。而改译后的句子更符合当时情形和说话者的口吻。
例4：“Like you know me?”his wife asked. (para.9)
“Yes. Like I know you.”(para.10)
原译：“就像你我那样真正了解?”妻子问道。
“对，就像你我那样。”
改译：“就像你了解我那样?”妻子问道。
“对，就像我了解你那样。”
这里，原译似乎误会了原文的意思。虽然“口舌战”刚刚拉开序幕，但妻子早已进入角色，开始用一种冷嘲热讽的口吻来挖苦丈夫了。所以，妻子的本意是：尽管我们文化相同，但你并不了解我。但她不会直截了当地说出自己的心意，而只愿用迂回的方式旁敲侧击，而丈夫对此浑然不觉，看不见那是一个陷阱，纵身一跃，便跳进去了。原译不能忠实地反映舌战双方的心态，实为误译。
例5：“These are dirty.”He said, and threw all the silverware back into the sink. (para.16)
原译：“这些盘子是脏的。”他边说边把所有的碗碟都扔回水槽里。
改译：“真脏。”他边说边把所有的碗碟都扔回水槽里。
我们认为，丈夫的话中隐藏着一个语义双关：明指正在清洗的碗碟太油腻，却同时暗示妻子用学舌的方法进行反驳让人很不舒服，似乎在嘲讽这种伎俩太为人所不齿了。因为dirty在英语中本来既有“不洁净”(not clean)之意，也有“令人不爽”(unpleasant)之义。原文显然漏掉了这个双关，而直说“这些盘子是脏的”，就把一场本来充满“埋伏”，到处是“玄机”的口水战弄得一点烟火味儿都没有了，不能不说是个遗憾。改译后，“脏”字在汉语中恰好也是一语双关，可谓完美的翻译。
例6：He glanced over at her. She was watching him and her eyes were bright. (para.28)…“well?”she said. Her eyes were even brighter. (para.32)
原译：他瞥了她一眼。她发亮的眼睛正注视着他。……“嗯?”她问道，双眼更加明亮了。
改译：他没好气地扫了她一眼。她正愤恨地注视着她。……“嗯?她问道，双眼充满了怒火。
原文是glanced over at，而非glanced at，所以译为“瞥了一眼”，漏掉了“over”，不符合当时的情形。“瞥”是一个很不经意的动作，在原文语境下，不如“扫了一眼”更能给妻子以刺激(或示威)，更能透露丈夫不甘示弱的“战斗”心态，同时也为接下来矛盾的升级埋下伏笔。另外，此句的her eyes were (even) bright(er)的译文也似可再行改进。“发亮的眼睛”固然可以是强烈的情绪表达，但有时也可因其它原因所致，比如说某人双目炯炯有神，或是说篝火烘烤的人们满面通红、双眼发亮等，这样一考虑，不免觉得原译语义太模糊了，而作者要传达的显然是妻子因为愤怒而差不多两眼喷火的情势。原译采用直译，无法准确再现妻子的愤抑之情，所以不如直接用“愤恨地”和“充满了怒火”来转述句意。翻译中，适当的时候“按语义、修辞或句法的需要，增加一些词，以忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。”这是完全必要的。(参见方梦之《译学词典》第113页。)
例7：She was demonstrating her indifference to him. (para.40)
原译：她在向他显示她对他的冷漠。
改译：她在表明自己对他满不在乎。
原译和改译比较起来，至少有两点欠缺。首先，原译太过啰嗦，不仅读起来担心要咬舌头，听起来害怕会伤耳筋，而且即便是理解起来，也先是稀里糊涂好一阵子之后，才冥冥乎似有所得。其次，“冷漠”一语让人生疑，何来“冷漠”?为何“冷漠”?其实，做妻子的是想用另一种方式表达对丈夫的不满，但又觉得舌战无益，徒费口水而已，便决心由“热战”转为“冷战”了。妻子好像在说：别以为我会在乎你对此事的态度，你爱怎么着就怎么着吧，关我什么事?!基于这样的分析，我们认为改译更能迎合其时其地其人的矛盾心理。
举了这么多的反例，并不是要把译文弄到一无是处的地步。而是本文作者本着学生至上、为学生负责的职业精神，要从鸡蛋里面挑骨头的。其实，《〈现代大学英语〉学生辅导用书》中的译文均出自有多年外语教学经验的专家、学者和一线教师之手，质量上乘，佳译颇多，这当然不是这篇小文能一一列举了的。如果做翻译非要做到滴水不漏、无懈可击不可，只怕顶高明的翻译家也只能歇手了。偶尔的纰漏或不尽如人意之处，就像佳人脸上的小痣，玉石表面的细斑，大醇美味中的微疵，是不足诟病的。所以，《〈现代大学英语〉学生辅导用书》中的译文绝不会由于我们找的这点茬儿，就失去它本来的光辉。
作者：张锦
摘 要：翻译美学的研究视角可以触及诸多文本，英语教师用书也是其中之一，而后者往往被研究者忽略。教师在教学活动中从翻译美学角度研究参考译文，发现其中的美与不足，能够更好地为语言教学服务，同时也为出版商提供来自教学一线的反馈意见，具有一定的现实意义。
关键词：翻译美学;教师用书;参考译文
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1. 引言
翻译美学理论的出现为抽象的翻译理论研究带来一股清风，研究者将视野更多地回归到译文本身以及译文与原文的关系上来。各种文本皆有其独特之美，翻译美学的研究视角可以触及诸多文本，英语教材中的课文参考译文也不例外，后者往往被研究者所忽略。在日常教学活动中，英语教师每天使用教师用书，从翻译美学角度研究参考译文会有很多发现。这些发现具有积极的现实意义：一方面，能够加深教师对授课文本的认识，更好地解读文本，从而提高课堂效率;另一方面，发现译文的不足可为出版机构提供积极的反馈信息，供其修订或再版时参考。
2. 理论背景
“美学”一词来源于希腊语“aesthesis”，最初的意义是“对感观的感受”，由德国哲学家亚历山大·戈特利布·鲍姆加登首次使用。1750年，他的《美学》(Aesthetica)一书的出版标志了美学作为一门独立学科的产生。鲍姆加登认为，美是感性认识的完善，美学是“关于感性认识的科学”，是“以美的形式去思维的艺术”(转引自余源培，2009：520)。自鲍姆加登以来，世界各地学者纷纷研究美学、发展美学，中国也涌现了朱光潜、宗白华、李泽厚等美学家。随着美学的发展，美学与哲学、伦理学、文艺学等学科相互影响，出现了哲学美学、文艺美学等学科分支。美学用艺术的思维对事物进行分析、评价，得出结论。翻译理论则主要研究翻译标准、翻译过程等科学性的问题。“翻译”与“美学”联姻，产生了翻译美学理论。翻译美学的研究即运用美学和现代语言学的基本原理，研究和探讨语际转换中的美学问题，了解翻译审美活动的一般规律，提高对原文和译文的审美鉴赏力(毛荣贵，2002：436)。
1995年刘宓庆所著《翻译美学导论》(2005年修订)构建起了翻译美学的理论框架。2005年，毛荣贵以美学思想为核心宏观分析翻译美学，著述了《翻译美学》，这是“翻译美学”第一次作为书名单独使用。他以英汉两种语言为媒介，从语言学角度包括音、形、意、句和词汇进行审美比较，提出翻译实践中的相应方法，并系统地论证了英汉互译中模糊美感磨蚀的具体体现(隋荣谊、李锋平，2007：54-57)。
翻译美学可以用来研究文学文本，也可以研究非文学文本，因为一切翻译过程中的源语理解和译文再现都是一种审美过程。刘宓庆(2005)认为，翻译戏剧、诗歌诚然是艺术，翻译法律文书、科技资料、宗教典籍也都是艺术，因为翻译不能须臾离开选择词语、调整句式、修饰行文等艺术加工。
3. 翻译美学视角下的英语教师用书中的参考译文研究
与诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文不同的是，英语课文体裁不定，每篇文章一般自成一体，文章的长度和生词量之间有一定的比例关系。研究教师用书中的课文翻译有利于进一步提高教师对所讲解内容的理解，更好地与学生互动，当好原文作者与学习者之间的“中介”，对于提高教学效果也有积极的推动作用。
时下英语教材名目繁多，不同阶段的学习者都可以选择适合自己的教材，教师也有条件选择与教材相应的教师用书。教师可以选择以自己所教教材教师用书中的课文参考译文为研究对象，以点盖面，发现其翻译之“美”与“不美”。本文选择外语教学与研究出版社的《新视野英语教程(读写教程)》教师用书为研究对象，以其中的第二册为例：
3.1 参考译文之“美”
3.1.1 形象美
(1)Heavy Body, Not Heavy Heart.(Unit 2 Text B，文章标题)
参考译文：体胖心宽。
标题原文逗号后面的“not”丝毫没有影响其“alliteration(头韵)”之美，两个形容词“heavy”的出现，不仅读起来上口，在意义上也将“body”和“heart”作了明朗的对照。译文只有四字，却能看出译者的语言功力和翻译水平。中国有句俗语叫“心宽体胖(汉语拼音读pán)”，意思是“心胸开阔了，身体上也就没有什么压力了”。译者巧妙地将这一俗语加以“改造”，变成了“体胖(pàng)心宽”，意义上便与原文完全相符，却不失俗语耳熟能详之“美”，读起来同样上口，符合文章标题特征要求。
3.1.2 节奏美
(2)I looked ill, sad, and unhealthy.(Unit 2B, Para.1)
参考译文：那时的我看上去一脸病态、情绪低落、身体很差。
原文中三个形容词“ill”、“sad”、“unhealthy”并列出现，描述了作者当年个人状态不佳时的情景。如果译者没有读者意识，机械地将三个形容词译成“生病了”、“悲伤的”、“不健康的”，虽然保证了信息传递，但译文的“美”就没了。教师用书上的参考译文用了三个排比式四字短语——“一脸病态”、“情绪低落”、“身体很差”，充满节奏感，有“节奏美”，也将作者当年状态之不佳形象地展示在读者面前。
(3)Back in college, we enjoyed many nights at the most expensive restaurants in town, spending too much money on bottles of wine and delicious food.(Unit 4B, Para.4)
参考译文：以前念大学时，我们俩在城里最贵的餐馆度过了许多美好的夜晚，美酒佳肴，花钱无数。
译者同样巧妙地将缺乏美感的伴随状语“spending too much money on bottles of wine and delicious food”译成了“美酒佳肴，花钱无数”。
3.1.3 音律美
(4)The often-heard comment of “you have such a pretty face”...(Unit 2B, Para.6)
参考译文：常常有人对我说“你有一张漂亮的脸。”
译文中的“常常”二字是叠音词。英文有“alliteration(头韵)”之美，汉语也有自己叠音的独特之美，通过重复同一发音，为单调的译文平添了几分“音律美”。
3.1.4 诙谐美
(5)“Bones are for dogs,” he said with a smile. “Meat is for men.”(Unit 2B, Para.8)
参考译文：他微笑着对我说：“狗才喜欢骨头，男人喜欢肉。”
结尾这句话风趣幽默地化解了肥胖者的尴尬，作者似乎看到了肥胖者的希望。通过他人之口，字里行间表达了“我胖故我在”的洒脱和对世俗歧视的不在乎。译文中的“才”字传神地表达了原文的幽默思想。
(6)He was a bit concerned about returning to the dating world, worried that he had “lost his touch” with women.(Unit 4B, Para.1)
参考译文：对于重新开始约会，他有点担心，生怕自己与女人早已“断了电”。
此处的“lose one’s touch with sb.”如果机械地译成“与某人失去联系”将索然无味，译成“断了电”让人们想起了男女约会产生感觉时叫作“来电”的说法，相得益彰，妙趣横生。英文中幽默语言的翻译往往需要译者同样具有“幽默细胞”才能译出诙谐，译出美。
3.2 参考译文之不“美”
3.2.1“化简为繁”不美
(7)Why me? There are women who look like models here.(Unit 2B, Para.7)
参考译文：你为什么选我呢?这儿有些女人身材好得像模特。
根据上文“While I was visiting the British Virgin Islands, a local man invited me to be in a picture with him on the beach...”可知，这里的“why me”表达了作者好奇的情绪。人在好奇的时候，精神因集中于所好奇的事物或事情往往会忽略言语的使用，甚至会变得语无伦次，语句通常也以短语或词的形式出现，如：人会在好奇时会将“你在说什么?”缩略成“什么?”等。译文将“why me”化简为繁，译成“你为什么选我呢”，显得冗长，和语境不符。如果改译成“选我?”甚至更短的“我?”，效果将会更好。原句可译为：“我?这儿有些女人身材像模特呢!”
3.2.2“忽视细节”不美
(8)The often-heard comment of “you have such a pretty face” does not please me because of all that’s not said: “if you’d just lose the weight you’d be beautiful.”(Unit 2B, Para. 6)
参考译文：常常有人对我说“你有一张漂亮的脸。”我却对此不以为然，因为我知道他们的潜台词：“你要是瘦一些的话会很漂亮的。”
“不以为然”的意思是“不认为是对的，表示不同意(现代汉语词典，2002：169)”，这里用来翻译“does not please me”有忽视细节之嫌，译者忽略了“不以为然”的真实含义，没有考虑其用在译文中的恰当性。“please”这里用作动词，表示使(某人)感到满意或愉快(牛津高阶英汉双解词典，2002：1126)。“我却对此不以为然”应该改译成“这让我高兴不起来”。
《新视野英语教程(读写教程)》教师用书中课文的参考译文总体质量较高，反映了编者良好的翻译水平和用心做事的态度。当然，和其他事物一样，该教师用书中的参考译文给广大教师带来“美”的同时，也有一些不“美”之处。教师用美学的眼光看待出版物可使之日臻完善，在下次修订或再版时变得更好。
4. 总结
生活中不缺乏美，缺少的是发现美的眼睛。教师每天面对教材难免有些枯燥，用翻译美学的视角来研究课文原文及其译文不仅可以发挥主观能动性，发现其中的“美”，还可以发现其可以变得更“美”之处。此外，翻译美学与文体学、修辞学、语义学、词汇学等语言学科有着紧密的联系，研究翻译美学也可以为上述相关理论学科的研究提供丰富的佐证材料。教师用书中的参考译文每天面对广大教师的审美，教师从翻译美学的角度研究教师用书，可以发现教学材料中的美，带着欣赏美的愉悦心情走进课堂，以同样的眼光发现学生的“美”，为英语教学增添几抹亮色。
参考文献
刘宓庆. 翻译美学导论[M]. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2005.
毛荣贵. 新世纪大学英汉翻译教程[M]. 上海：上海交通大学出版社，2002：436.
牛津高阶英汉双解词典第四版[M]. 北京：商务印书馆，2002：1126.
隋荣谊、李锋平. 翻译美学初探[J]. 外语与外语教学，2007(11)：54-57.
现代汉语词典(汉英双语)[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002：169.
余源培. 哲学辞典[M]. 上海：上海辞书出版社，2009：520.
作者：冯健高
[摘要]通过分析教学参考书中“文本亮点信息传递”、“教学设计”、“教师情感培养”等主要功能的缺失现象，唤起教育界的重视，继而实现教学参考书的改进。
[关键词]教学参考书 主要功能缺失现象
教师作为传递教育信息的最重要的媒介，其课堂教学水平是保证教学高效开展的关键。然而，目前我国大学英语教师水平普遍不高，在这种情况下，教学参考书作为一线教师人手一册的教学辅助材料，所担负的使命就尤显重大，应充分发挥其作为教师教学中强有力的信息源、启发者、指导者和提升者的功能。遗憾的是，长期以来，我国高校的教学参考书大都存在浅表性效度现象，教学参考书大都仅包括背景知识介绍、课本答案以及语言点的详解和训练等内容，而对教学起重大作用的教学设计则成了一个盲区。
一、教学参考书的应有功能及与其实际功能的对比
教学参考书(以下简称教参)，又称课堂设计，是教师的教学辅助材料，是教师理解教材、选择教法、设计教案的重要依据，包含教学目的、重点难点、课时安排、内容分析、习题答案、教学方法及注意事项等。教参应有思想，富于个性色彩;应注重课堂结构的设计，注重研究一个文本中知识、能力、情感、态度等多种因素的统一;注重课堂预设与课堂生成的有机融合。教参中提供的教学资料如教学策略、教学过程等应能激发教师的教学反思，促进教学完善和进步。
虽说各类高校英语新教材每年都有推出，但实际上教参编写的思路和手法是雷同的：教参大都只包括背景知识介绍、语言点解释以及课本答案等内容。即使配有电子教案，也大多是原文的录音播放及文稿展示、语言点详解、文本译文和练习答案以及课堂设计指导和文本综合因素研究，无法体现编写者对所编文本的个性感悟和独特风格。在此类教参的指导下，教师的教学功能被简单化，他们成了知识点的有声重复器，就算懂得“教什么”，仍不懂“怎么教”。
二、教学参考书主要功能缺失现象
1.“文本亮点信息传递”功能缺失
每套教材，尤其是全国推广使用的教材都是经过学科专家再三斟酌精编而成，自有这些专家的知识体系和所要求掌握的技能结构，但如何配合学科教师共同研究，使内容的选择与组织符合教学目标的要求。并卓有实效地展开教学，使书本能产生最大使用效果是一个关键问题。教学信息必须经过一定加工，其沟通效果才能得到增强。教师在将把教科书等文本材料变为语言文字编码等之后，要将信息编码调试到适合教学对象接受的程度，同时，还要根据受教育者的身心特点调节教学信息的重点。因此如果教师本身未理解教材的内涵，那么，他将难以有效地进行课堂教学设计。
以普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材——《新编实用英语综合教程1》P.42中的Passage A:I Hate Flying为例：全文短短357个单词就生动地描绘了“我”当天去机场乘坐航班的种种不愉快经历。文章开首句就是一个亮点：I knew it was going to be a bad day.这牢牢地吸引了读者的目光并诱发探询心理;结尾是另一个亮点：当读者跟着“一路倒霉的我”惊心动魄地逃过飞行中机翼冒烟一劫安全返航回到家，按常规思维为这一结局庆幸时，却为作者别出心裁的结尾——Somehow I had picked up the wrong suitcase而忍俊不禁。而且文中对机长在这一险情突发时所作反应的描述用语也是一大亮点：almost immediately，in a very calm voice，栩栩如生地展现了一个沉着冷静、果敢干练的机长形象。但遗憾的是，在教师教学用书中只有Information ReLated to the Passage，Language Points，Passage Translation以及Keys to the Exer-cises几部分，而文章的精髓部分(也应是编者选材的意图所在)，如行文特点、语言特色、好词佳句欣赏、主线索提炼等却未有丝毫提及。实际上，这种精加工过程才是教学朝精深发展的核心部分。由于态度、知识、水平、社会文化背景等的不同，教师的教学水平、教学效果往往也会因人而异，因此，教参应增添亮点欣赏。以保证学生在不同教师指导下都能展开较有深度及广度的英语学习，从“阅读”中得以“欣赏”，学会“运用”，再升格为“用好”。这样，教师每教一课，学生每学一课都会有更多的感悟，学习的灵巧性、主动探索和发现问题的能力就能得到提升。
2.“教学设计”功能的缺失
教师的教学目的是要保证学生在有限的单位教学时间内，在教师有计划、有组织地指导下，学习知识、发展能力、内化素质，要实现这一目标就必须具备合理高效的课堂教学设计。在传统的教学模式中，教学被看作是以教师为中心的知识传递，教学方式是注入式的，学生被放在依附的、被箍制的位置上，没有自我、没有发展的探索权和主动权。只有打破传统落后模式，实现知识与情感价值的多重性、教学资源的构建性、教学过程的创新生成性、教学内容和活动的开放性，才能实现创新素质复合型人才的培养目标。
如何有效制定学习目标?如何确定教学顺序和教学方法?如何灵活设计教学活动?如何选用教学媒体?这一系列环节都是需要精加工的。由于教师知识水平和教学技能因人而异，教参就更应重视教学设计，在提升教师教学水平方面下足功夫。以教育部高职高专规划教材——高职高专版《英语3》Unit 2中的课文Christmas为例，该篇约422词，通俗易懂，介绍了圣诞节的来由以及庆贺习俗。如果照传统教法仅按课文内容来学习的话，教与学双方都会极其轻松，因为文中少有生词且内容熟悉，类似于重温生活中已知的旧知识。而该教参中的重点部分依然是Background Information，Language Points和Keys to exercises，无任何开拓教学深度及广度的建议或教法指导等的设计。
但笔者是这样设计的。上课伊始，随着《铃儿响叮当》这首耳熟能详的圣诞歌曲在课堂上飘荡，圣诞老人坐在疾驰着的装满圣诞礼物的鹿拉车上，PPT画面一下引起了学生们的兴趣。乐声刚落，教师就抛出与文章开首密切相关的话题作为过渡：Which festival is coming?/Do you know the significance of this festival?在部分学生对问题2面露疑惑之色时，从汉译角度引领学生进行释疑：圣(子)诞(辰)节。使他们有茅塞顿开的欣喜感，既连贯又巧妙。接着，顺势推出动力提问(motivation questions)展开文章的探索学习和欣赏，并采用群体智慧激励法
(brainstorming)刺激全班寻找答案，其中适当穿插语言点学习。
Topic 1: How do Americans prepare Christmas ?
Topic 2: How do they decorate Christ-mas Trees ?
Topic 3: Talk about Christmas food.
Topic 4: Talk about the most popular customs of Christmas.
之后，鼓励学生概述每段大意。再抛出更深层次问题，激发并指导学生们的探索。
Topic 5: Where does Santa Claus live?How does he come to give presents?
(答案隐含在课本听力练习中，由此启发学生们细致学习，善于提炼)
Topic 6: What do you think of the cel-ebration of Christmas in China ?(联系现实问题进行“思辨”能力训练)
Topic 7: What is the biggest festival in our country ? How do the people in your hometown celebrate it?(Productive Skill训练)
每个话题讨论后教师都会及时作“鼓励式”点评，这样既兼顾了内容的深度及广度，又提升了实用技能，同时也在群体参与和竞争刺激中使学生们体会到自信和成就感。
可见，同样的教材在不同的教学设计下会产生悬殊的教学效果。教参应给相关教材配备科学高效的教学设计，为教师提供多种高质教法指导，如提问展开、评价方式、互动方法等，以提高教师的教学水平和学生的学习掌握水平。
3.“教师情感培养”功能的缺失
每启用一套教材教师都需要投入相当多精力进行再加工：从分析教学对象、熟识教材、编写教案、摸索教法，到反复处理反馈信息，不断改进整个教学活动，再到对教学有所感悟并形成自己的个性风格和教学特色。这是一个极其辛苦的创造过程。新版教材若配老套教参，教与学也只能停留在浅层面上：过多的语言点使教师感到量大带来的压抑感和教学中的疲于奔命感;过剩的语言知识会使学生产生厌烦感，而过少的实际运用又难以让学生做到“学以致用”，这就无法显现出新教材的价值和个性风格。因此，优秀的教材需配备优质的教参，这样才有利于教师开拓新思维，自信而成功地教学。
在教改呼声愈来愈高的今天。除了要鼓励教师积极进取、潜心教研，不断提高专业知识水平和教学能力之外，也应多关注他们的教学情感，多提供优质教学资料(教学策略、技能辅导、教学过程等)，加大对文本亮点等中心因素的重视。倘若新教材不断推出，但教参风格却依然如故，那么，现代意识的教材与传统教学之间的矛盾会因此而突出，这除了让教师疲于备新课外，其本来应有的价值也会丧失。因此，教参应在培养教师教改锐意创新方面提供有力帮助，成为教师高水平英语教学的重要指导。
(责编 何田田)
作者：黄艳萍
以下模板是我自己通过看书和网上归纳总结出来的，小作文考书信的可能性比较大，但是书信的种类比较多，最常见的是下面八种，所以无论如何请都背会。大作文考图表类作文的可能性比较大，不过万不可只看这个模板，像提纲式的或者表格型的都可能出现，万一出现变故也好有个招架，不过大同小异啦，自己看着背吧。 小作文模板：
1：投诉信
Dear_______,
I am . (自我介绍) I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_______.
The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______________(总体介绍). In the first place,_________________________(抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, ____________________________(抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ___(感觉) to ____________________________(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果). I appreciate it very much if you could_______________________(提出建议和请求), preferably __________(进一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by ______(设定解决事情最后期限).
Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely
Li Ming
2：询问信
Dear ______,
I am _________________________(自我介绍). I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding_______.(要询问的内容)
First of all, what are _________________________________?(第一个问题) Secondly, when will________________________________?(第二个问题) Thirdly, is
_________________?(第三个问题)
I would also like to inquire _________________________________(将最重要的问题单独成段). Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?
Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
3：请求信
Dear___________,
I am writing to formally request to___________(请求的内容)
The reason for ______________is that______________________________(给出原因).I________, so I ___________________________________(给出细节)
I would also like to request ________________________(提出进一步的要求). I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.
Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, do not
hesitate to contact me at____________(电话号码). I look forward to a favorable reply.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
4：道歉信
Dear ___________,
I am truly sorry that_________________________(道歉的原因).
The reason is that ______________________________________(介绍原因) Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
5：感谢信
Dear______,
I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for __________________(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in __________________(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been___________________(没有对方帮助时的后果).
Every one agrees that it was you who___________________________(给出细节).Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude. Yours sincerely
Li Ming
6：建议信
Dear ___________,
You have asked me for my advice with regard to _______, and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.
In my humble opinion, you would be wise to take the following
actions:_________________(建议的内容)
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
Good Luck with your_______(祝愿)
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
7：求职信
Dear Sir or Madam,
I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in____________(报纸名称)of________(广告发布时间).
Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also have the right
personality for a __________(工作名称). In the one
hand,_______________________________(第一个原因). On the other hand,
__________________________________(另一个原因).
Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time at _______________(电话号码)
Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you. Yours sincerely
Li Ming
8：邀请信
Dear________,
There will a ________________(内容) at/in________________(地点) on___________(时间). We would be honored to have you there with us.
The occasion will start at ___________(具体时间). This will be followed by a _______(进一步的安排). At around______(时间)，____________________________(另一个安排)
I really hope you can make it. RSVP before ____________(通知你的最后期限) Yours sincerely
Li Ming
3，通知 notice
3.1通知 notice
1, outline
P1【通知目的】P2【条件.条件1.条件2.条件3】P3【套话.期待】
2, example
NOTICE
To enrich the students’ campus life, the Postgraduates’ Association is recruiting volunteers for an international conference on globalization.
The requirements for the candidates are as follows. In the first place, the applicants must have outstanding skill at English. In the second, they should be good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn. Last but not the least, the students with relevant working experience shall be preferred.
Those interested in the activity may sign up with the monitor of their class before the first of Feb. Everybody is welcome to join in it.
Postgraduates’ Association
2010.11.28
3.2备忘录 Memo
1， outline
P1【目的】P2【主题.条件1.条件2】P3【套话.期待】
2, example
Date: Juanary 15, 2011
To: All Students of the English Department
From: Class Monitor Zhang Wei
Subject: Sprint Excursion
As spring arrives and the weather turns to be agreeable, the department has decided to organize a spring excursion in a suburban country.
The activities include mountain claiming and picnic. All the students of the English department are encouraged to participate. We remind you of the necessity of bring some food and water as well as wearing comfortable shoes.
Those interested in this excursion may sign up with the monitor of their class. Everybody is welcome to join in it.
3.3 报告report
1， outline
P1【主题】P2【主题.条件1.条件2】P3【套话.期待】
2, example
To: Professor Clinton
From: zhang wei
Date: January 15, 2011
Subject: A progress report on graduation research
This is a report I have to submit to you about my graduation paper.
Last week, I gathered information from library and from an interview. Of the twelve references lists on my proposal, I found only nine, for others I will go to search in a larger library.
As far as interview concerned, I had an extended interview with Mr. Liming, a professor from Peking University, who was kind enough to give me some brochures as well as a copy of report on electronic mail. I hope to use in my paper.
Starting tomorrow, I will begin organizing my paper. And I can be expected to submit a rough draft by the end of the month.4，摘要写作要点
摘要，是用1500字左右的中文，摘写100字左右的英文，是阅读能力和翻译能
力。
思路：1读，2摘，3译
1读：浏览各段首句或
2、3句，不用看完全文
2摘：选摘总结句->或句子中的关键词
3译：对摘的句子做翻译
摘的要点：文摘句(自选能写的)-》句改写(容易翻译的方式)-》句摘词(把
复杂的词或句子结构简单化)
宗旨：通过摘句、改句、摘词，将难度控制到自己能写的范围内
翻译要点：1，分析句子结构，2，确定并翻译句子主干，3，添加句子的枝叶，
副词或修饰，4，通读审校。
并注意：通用短语不要用单词，增加句子的丰富性。
5，小作文考试重点
优先级：1,书信 2,通知+备忘 3,报告
英语作文参考
联考一：My dream home is in the country. The air is clean and fresh. It has three floors in my dream home. It’s very beautiful and quiet. There is a big garden in it. I grow flowers, vegetables and fruit trees. I enjoy working in the garden. It is near a river. I like fishing by the river. Many friends chat and play games in my dream home. I love my dream home very much.
联考二：Beijing is the capital of China. Beijing is the best city to live in. There are many great Olympic Venues in Beijing. Tian’anmen Square is in the centre of Beijing. It’s very beautiful. Lots of people visit the square every day. There are lots of palaces too. A lot of big restaurants and clubs are in Beijing. //You can visit the Great Wall, Beihai Park and the Summer Place. You can also enjoy special snacks in Wangfujing Street. I hope to go sightseeing in Beijing.
联考三：I love my hometown very much. It’s not far from Nanjing. It’s a modern town. You can see green hills, trees and lakes. There is less air pollution in my hometown. People here are friendly and kind. They work hard all year round. It’s about an hour from the centre of Nanjing by bus. Nanjing duck is nice to eat. You can buy lots of souvenirs in Confucius Temple. Ming Walls are around Nanjing. They are grand and tall. On holidays there are many people in Xuanwu Lake. Nanjing will hold the second Youth Olympic Games in 2014.
联考四：Welcome to my hometown . It’s a great town. Its name is Honghua Town. It’s about an hour from the centre of Nanjing by bus. There is less air pollution here than in other areas of Nanjing. There is a country park called Honghua Park. You can see green hills, trees and lakes. I live in a big house with two floors. You can choose any food you like in Honghua Town. You can try Nanjing special snacks here. Why not visit our local theatre and enjoy our local opera? I love my hometown very much.
联考五：China Pavilion of Shanghai Expo is in Pudong New District. It means China wisdom. It will always stand in Shanghai. Every day a lot of visitors from China and other countries come to visit it. You must visit China Pavilion if you come to Shanghai Expo. Visiting Shanghai Expo for a day is better than studying for ten years. It’s a really wonderful place to go.
联考六：Tomorrow we are going to visit the History Museum from 9 a.m. to 11a.m.. We shall meet at the school gate at 8 a.m. and we will go there on foot. Please take your pens and notebooks with you. We should listen and watch carefully and write down something important when we visit the museum. Please don’t make any noise or take photos in the museum. //That’s all. Thank you.
联考七：Dear Anna,// I come to see you, but you are out. Are you free tomorrow afternoon? We will watch the film After shock at Sunshine Cinema at three o’clock tomorrow afternoon. Here is the route to the cinema. First turn left from your home. Then go along Hunan Road until you see the traffic lights. Cross the road and walk straight on. In 15 minutes, you will find the cinema on your right. // I’m sure you can’t miss it. See you tomorrow.// Millie
联考八：Last Sunday I went to the History Museum with my friend Nick. It was great fun. I saw many fine works of art on show. Thousand of years ago people made them. I was interested in a strange cup. It has three legs. People used it to drink alcohol many years ago. Women wore different kinds of silk clothes. I like them very much. // I enjoy the visit to museum very much. We decide to go there again next time. Would you like to join us?
联考九：Dear classmates, // Mother’s love for children is great. Mothers take good care of us. Mothers are ready to do everything for us. // Mother’s love is also amazing. One day a child fell from the third floor. Just then the mother saw it. She rushed downstairs very quickly and caught her child. The child didn’t hurt at all. The mother ran much faster than any other runners. Isn’t it amazing? // We should look after our mothers well. We should help them do everything we can. I always love you, my mother!
达标检测一：My dream home is very large. It has two floors. On the first floor, there is a big sitting room. I can watch TV and chat there with my parents and my friends. There are at least ten rooms on the second floor. And there are three showers and two bathrooms. There is a big garden in front of my house. I can grow flowers there. I love my home.
达标检测二：Tomorrow is my birthday. My family will hold a birthday party for me. So I want to invite some friends to the party. My mother and I are going to buy a big birthday cake and all kinds of food and drinks. We’ll go to the Huayu Shopping Mall on foot. It’s not far from my home. We often buy things there. // I hope my friends and I will have a wonderful time at my birthday party tomorrow.
达标检测三：Dear teacher and classmates, // I’m happy to invite you to my birthday party at three o’clock on Saturday . My home is in Hill Building. It’s easy to walk from the school to my home. You also can take No.2 bus or No.15 bus. When you get off the bus at Hill Building, my home is right there. I live in Flat 405. // I look forward to seeing you at the party. // Your faithfully,//Jenny 期中达标：Monitor Amy and her classmates held a farewell party for their friends from Nantong. They held the party in Xinhua Park on Saturday, March 19, from 8.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. They met at the gate of Xinhua Park in the morning.//They had a picnic in the park. Everybody brought their own food and drink. They went boating first and then they played badminton.//All of them had a good time that day. Their friends thanked Amy and her classmates very much.
达标检测四：Do you know about blue whales? They are the biggest animals in the world. An adult blue whale’s weight can be up to 80 tons and it can be 30 metres long. A baby blue whale weighs as heavy as an elephant. It’s amazing. Do you think it is interesting? Can you tell me anything about other amazing animals?
单元测试四：My name is Peter. I’m in Class Three. I finished my end-of-year exams last week and I got my report card today. In this card, my math teacher said I was hard-working. My English teacher said I was good at speaking. My science teacher said I could do better. My history teacher said I was lazy. So I’ll try my best to study next semester. I’m sure I’ll be able to learn better.
Situation: In order to have a wonderful school life, the school decides to ask for the students’ advice on how to make the school life better. Suppose you are John, please write a letter to the headmaster.
Dear Headmaster,
I’m glad to write to you. These days we are talking about how to have a better school life. Here are my suggestions. First, I suggest our school should have a large canteen for students, and it should provide various dishes for students to select from. Secondly, more after-class activities like singing and putting on plays should be organized because they can not only relax students but also help us improve cultural accomplishment. All in all, any change will be welcomed by students as long as it can make our school life better and more enjoyable.
Hope my suggestions will be helpful. Thanks for reading my letter!
Yours sincerely,John
中考英语作文预测及范文参考(10大分类) 第一页：突发事件(自然灾害、流行疾病等) 第二页：身心健康
第三页：环境保护(水、土、大气等资源保护)
第四页：语言学习 第五页：兴趣爱好 第六页：写人记事 第七页：旅游和介绍地方
第八页：新生事物评价(互联网，网上购物，手机等) 第九页：梦想和未来
第十页：烦恼
【
一、突发事件问题(热点)】
突发事件问题是中考书面表达的热点话题，从非典到雪灾，从地震到甲型HINI流感病例(A/HINI flu cases)，都频频出现在各地中考试卷中，因此必须重视。但这类文章的写作有一定的难度，掌握基本句式和写作技巧非常必要
典型例句：
1. one +of + 形容词最高级+ 名词复数
One of the biggest events in China in 2008 is that the earthquake happened in WenChuan.
2. It"s our duty to do sth
It’s our duty to help them. 3. As….as possible
We shoud help them as much as possible.
4. here be…..
Here are lots of things we can do.
5. We shoud keep calm instead of being afraid.我们要保持冷静而不能害怕。
6. make +sb+ 形容词
It makes many people homeless.
7. too … to= so … that
They are too young to look after themselves
例文:
1、汶川大地震(黑龙江鸡西)
5月12日，四川省汶川地区发生了罕见的大地震，那里的人们痛失亲人和家园。全国人民众志成城，抗震救灾。作为一名中学生，请你谈谈你的做法和感受。
要求：文章语言流畅，逻辑清晰，用词准确，80—100字左右;
词汇参考：地震earthquake，悲痛sorrow，受到感动be deeply moved，安慰comfort，重建rebuild，自愿做某事volunteer to do sth
参考范文：
On May 12th, a big earthquake happened in Wenchun, Sichuan. Many people lost their relatives and their homes. All the Chinese people feel quite sorrow.A lot of people volunteer to help them. Some people raise money for them, some people buy something for them, some people go there to comfort the sad children. Thousands of soldiers help them to save their relatives and rebuild their homes Even foreign friends also give them a hand.
I’m deeply moved by these people. So I’ll use my pocket money to buy some food and school things for the children there. I think all of us should try our best to help them to get out of the trouble together.
2、雪灾
去年春节期间，我国大部分地区遭受雪灾，特别是南方，室几十年未遇。公路、铁路、机场都被迫关闭，电网瘫痪，数百万人不能回家过年。部分山区人民生活异常困难，在各级政府的带领下，人民群众、解放军战士英勇抗击雪灾，涌现出大批可歌可泣的英雄事迹。作为一名中学生，你有何感想?有何打算?能不能改变这种状态?
As we know, our country suffered heavy snow last Spring Festival. Everything was covered with heavy snow. It made the buses, trains and planes stop. Millions of people couldn"t go home. Many people suffered trouble. There was no food, water or light in some places. Our government called on people to fight against heavy snow. As a student, I think we should learn from those heroes. We must study hard at school. We should learn all kinds of nowledge to make our motherland stronger, better and richer.
3.甲型HINI流感
从电视上看到美国正流行甲型HINI流感(A/HINI flu),部分学校停课你为你正在美国上学的笔友Mike的健康与安全担心。请立即给他写一封email询问他的情况，并给他提出防护建议。
要点：
一.询问
1.他的健康状况;
2.他们学校有无甲型HINI流感病例(A/HINI flu cases);
3.他们是否还上学。
二.建议
1.尽量呆在家里，少去人多的地方;
2.勤洗手;讲卫生
3.多开窗，保持空气新鲜;
4.多吃水果蔬菜。
Dear Mike,
From the TV I know many A/HINI I flu cases are reported recently in the United States and many schools are closed as a result. I’m so worried about you. Are you alright? Are there any A/HINI flu cases in your school? Do you still have to school everyday?
To stay away from the disease, you’d better stay at home as much as possible and not go to places where there are many people. Wash your hands more often to keep them clean; Open the window to have more fresh air in the room; And eat more fruit and vegetable to keep yourself fit and strong.
So far the disease is not so deadly as it seems to be. Do be at ease! Take care and you’ll be OK. Yours truly,
Li Hua
4、(四川南充)
“5.12”汶川大地震后，某校将开展“人人为灾区孩子献爱心”的主题班会活动，现在请你以学生会的名义写一份倡议书，内容要点如下：1.许多孩子地震后不能上学 2.。没有足够的学习用品和衣物 3.每个孩子都应该有上学的权利
4.我们应该作一些力所能及的事情去帮助、他们，比如…… 5.希望他们能尽快重返校园…….
注意：1.可根据要点，适当发挥，(参考词汇：school things, have the right to do something, as possible as one can)
2.词数：70词左右
参考作文：
Dear students，
After the terrible earthquake, there are lots of children out of school. Some of them are even homeless.Their schools and houses have destroyed. They can just live in the open air. They don’t have enough school things or clothes .As we all know, every kid has the right to go to school, but now they are in trouble. As a Chinese, we should help them as possible as we can. We can raise some money and things for them. And we can also write to them to encourage them. I hope they will return to school as soon as possible with our help.
Students’ Union
【
二、健康问题(热点)】
健康问题是中考常考的话题，出题形式多样，有必要下苦功掌握。
典型例句：
1. It is very important to keep healthy。
2. How can we keep healthy?
3. We can"t go to sleep too late. We can"t get up too late。
4. We should eat the food healthily。
5. We should do more exercise。
6. Last Tuesday I got a cold and had a pain in my head。
7. I didn"t feel like eating anything。
8. I decided to see the doctor。
9. In the doctor"s office, the doctor looks over me carefully。
10. He said :"Nothing serious." And he told me to take a rest and drink more water。
11. A nurse gave me an injection. It was a little painful。
12. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day。
13. A few days later, I felt better. From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world。 例文：
1、根据图示，简要介绍一下如何才能保持健康，并展开想象，适当发挥。要求：词数80左右。短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考答案：
All of us want to be healthy. First，we should get enough sleep during the night. We can go to bed early and get up early. Staying up late is bad for our health. Second, we must have the right kinds of food. We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat. We should drink a lot of water. We should have healthy eating habits. Third, we should do more exercise to build up our bodies. Finally, we should wash hands before meals and brush our teeth twice a day. If we don’t feel well, we should go to see the doctor at once.
2、卫生健康饮食:健康一直是人们关注的问题我校要举行以“关爱健康”为题的主题班会,请根据下表内容谈谈你的看法,写一篇80字左右的演讲槁。
(1)保持健康的重要性
(2)保持健康的方法
(3)保持健康的结论
(4) (你的看法?)1.多吃水果蔬菜保持饮食平衡避免含糖高脂肪高的食物2.多锻炼健身强体;3.鄙弃不良习惯
范文1:
Dear boys and grils :
Here is my advice about how to keep health / fit.
As a middle shool student , first you’d better do more exercise such as playing ball games running swimming and jumping rope(绳子). Then you should pay attention to your diet or meals. Don’t eat too much meat and suger but more vegetables and fruit.Third you need enough sleep or rest . Next keep yourself happy. As people often say smiling makes younger. Last you mustn’t drink wine or smoke .They are bad for your health.
That is my advice.I hope you are healthy and enjoy your life.Thank you,bye!
范文2:
Dear boys and girls:
I’m talking about how to keep health/fit. Today many teenagers are unhealthy because they do less exercise, eat more junk food, and they usually do not have enough time to sleep. If we wish to keep fit, my advices are as follow:
Firstly, we must keep taking exercises every day , and eat lots of fruit and vegetables . Secondly, try to sleep for about 8 hours a night, and remember to “early to bed early to rise”. Finally, stay away from cigarettes / smoking / drugs毒品. Besides(除此之外), don’t forget to breathe (呼吸)the fresh air in the open air .Keep happy every day.
That is my advice.I hope you are healthy and enjoy your life.
3、根据中英文提示，写出内容完整、意思连贯、符合逻辑的稿件。(字数不少于60词，英文提示词供选用)
有写学生不爱吃学校的午饭，常到校外去吃他们所喜欢吃的食物。但有些食物并不利于他们的身体健康。“英语角”打算针对这个问题展开讨论。请你准备一篇讨论稿，谈谈你的看法和建议。
参考词汇：not like, go out of school, be afraid, be back, more delicious, offer
范文：
We know that some of our students do not like eating lunch at school because the food isn’t delicious. So they often go out of school to buy something which they like to eat. But I’m afraid that it’s bad for their health to eat lunch outside the school, because some of the food they buy isn’t healthy enough. In my opinion, if our schools want more students to be back and enjoy lunch inside, they should make the food more delicious, and also they should offer our students a larger choice of food as well. 【
三、关于环境保护问题(热点)】
环境保护问题是中考热门话题，出现频率高，难度较大，必须掌握。
典型句子：
1. It’s our duty to save wate
2. As we know , water is very important to man,
3. we can’t live without water.
4. The amount of water which is suitable to drink is less and less.
5. But some people don’t care about it . 6. Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted.
Something must be done to stop the pollution.
7. It"s our duty to protect our environment。
8. It is very important to take care of our environment
9. We should not throw litter onto the ground
10. We should not spit in a public place/ cut down the trees
11. We should plant more flowers and trees。
12. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin
13. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
14.Trees are very helpful and important for us.
15.We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthy in the future.
It’s everyone’s duty to love and protect the environment. 例文:
1、假如你是新华中学的学生，名叫MIKE。去年6月1日我国已经禁止使用塑料袋，你对此有何看法和什么好的建议?
参考答案:
I’m Mike. I am a student in Huaxing Middle School. Do you know the plastic bags? Do you often use the plastic bags? I don’t like them. I think they use the wasting valuable oil their production. And they can’t decompose(分解) in a short time. The plastic bags will make our world worse. I agree with the rule, which people can’t get the free plastic bags in the shops, supermarkets. It encourages people to use their cloth bags and baskets. It’s good for our environment. So I hope all the students in our class stop to use the plastic bags, and use our own cloth bags. I hope we can take care of our environment. Let’s make our world more and more beautiful.
2 、6月5日( June 5)是世界环境保护日， 我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重……。假如你是学生Jone.，你校要进行“如何保护我们的环境?”专题演讲比赛。
要求：
1、举例说明环境存在的问题1—3方面;
2、如何保护好我们的环境，采取怎样的措施，举例1—3方面进行说明，字数80左右。
参考答案:
Dear headmasters,teachers,classmates and friends:
I’m very proud that I have chosen to speak to you all today, I’m a bit(=a little) nervous as I’ve never made a speech before to so many people ,so please forgive me if it shows.
As we all know, the environmemt around us is getting worse and worse . In some places we can’t see fish swimming in the river or trees on the hills. Some people even have no clean water to drink. So I think we must do something to protect the environment. .But what can we do? How to protect our environmemt ?For example ,we can go to school on foot or by bike . we can use shopping basskets not plastic bags when we go shopping and we can use both sides of the paper when we write . In a word ,if everyone pays more attention to our environment , there will be less pollution and our lives will be better.
“There is only one earth”,I hope everyone will protect our environment well. Thanks!
3、(江苏南通)目前南通市正在积极创建全国文明城市，中学生也在为之努力。假如你是你是某中学的一名学生张通，请根据下列图表所示内容，给笔友John写一封电子邮件，介绍有关情况。
注意：1.邮件内容应包含所有要点，不要简单翻译，可适当发挥;
2.文中不得使用真实姓名、校名等信息;
3.词数90左右(邮件中已经写好了的部分，不计入总词数)。
4.参考词汇：civilized 文明的 respect 尊敬
Dear John,
I’m glad to hear from you. Now let me tell you something about our city. Nantong is trying to set up a national civilized city. We middle school students are also doing something for it.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Zhang Tong
参考答案:
Dear John,
I’m glad to hear from you. Now let me tell you something about our city. Nantong is trying to set up a national civilized city. We middle school students are also doing some things for it. We are all polite to our teachers. (In class, we listen carefully to them./ When we meet them, we always say hello to them./…) We also respect the old. For example, we help them cross the streets.
We are always ready to help each other. (When one has difficulty with his studies, others will help him at once./...)We often show our love to those in trouble. Last month, the students of my class donated money to the earthquake-hit areas.
Besides, we plant trees to protect the environment and make our city more beautiful.
Nantong is my hometown. I will do my best to turn Nantong into a civilized city.
Zhang Tong
4、保护环境( 四川乐山)
从2008年6月1日起，国家将禁止商家免费提供塑料袋，掀起全国“拒塑”的环保运动。假如你是李华，准备以“What Can We Do for the Environment” 为题，写一篇保护环境的英语演讲稿。
内容包含：
1.在购物时用布袋子替代塑料袋;
2.尽可能地再利用使用过的课本;
3.离开教室应关灯;
4.最好走路或骑自行车上学;
5.简述理由：保护环境，减少污染，节约能源等
注意：
1.词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已经为你写好，不计入总词数;
2.可根据要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯;
3.文章中不能出现真实姓名和校名，否则以零分处理。
4.参考词汇：布袋子cloth bag塑料袋plastic bag保护protect能源energy污染pollution课本textbook
What Can We Do for the Environment
Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. It’s nice to speak about what we can do for the environment,and I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem.___________________________________________________
In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live in. Thank you for your listening! 参考作文：
What Can We Do for the Environment
Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. It’s nice to speak about what we can do for the environment, and I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem.
The first thing we can do is to use cloth bags in stead of plastic bags when we go shopping. It helps to protect the environment. The second thing we can do is to reuse(再利用) the old textbooks as possible as we can. We should also never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms in order to save energy. What’s more, it would be better if we walk or ride a bike to school. We should try our best to reduce pollution and waste.
In fact, even the simplest everyday activities(日常活动) can make a real difference to(对…有影响) the environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.
Thank you for your listening!
5、.环境问题：
今天环境变得越来越糟糕,环境问题影响着人们的工作,学习,生活等,而我们的工作,生活,生产等又使环境污染越来越严重..........,如何保护我们的环境?请以“ How to protect/save our environment/world? ”为题写一篇短文。
提示：存在问题: 1.水污染越来越严重 2.砍伐森林严重 3. 大气污染严重 4. 白色垃圾等。
要求：如何改善/保护环境? 至少:3---4个方面， 80字左右的。
范文：
How to protect/save our environment/world?
The environmental pollution is worse and worse /more and more seriously today . Water is polluted ,we have no clean water to drink. Many trees are cutting down, some animals is getting less and less. Some factories is pouring(排出) dirty air into the sky , the population is increasing faster and faster , resources is getting less and less…etc. Not only does it affect our lives and health, it also has a great affection in the future. People’s health has been greatly affected by air, noise and water pollution. Many people died of diseases. In order to live a better life, we need protect our world.
We shouldn’t throw away rubbish everywhere. We want to recycle(回收), reduce(减少), reuse(再利用) things . Don’t waste things ,This saves money and reduces pollution. Use things for as long as possible. We don’t use plastic bags . We mus plant more trees and stop the people cutting them. We hope our world will be more and more beautiful .
6、为了保护地球有限的资源，我们应该采取什么措施呢?请根据下面提示写一篇约80词的短文，短文开头已经给出。
提示词：
1.save water, the source of life , protect drinking water, stop polluting, make full use of it;
2.save electricity, crucial, turn off, other electric machines;
3. save forests, useful ,stop cutting down;
4.recycle useful rubbish, save resources
参考作文：
Although the world develops much faster and better, the resources on the earth get fewer and fewer. In order to protect them,something must be done.
Save water. Water is the source of life.(水是生命之源) No water, no life.(没有水，就没有生命) So it’s very important for us to do so. Not only should we(我们不仅应该…)protect drinking-water(饮用水) and stop polluting it, but also make full use of(充分利用) it.
Save electricity. It is crucial(关键的，至关重要的). We can’t imagine what the life will be like without it. Everyone should do his best to save electricity. Don’t forget to turn off lights or other electric machines(电器)when we finish working.
Save forests. They are useful .Please stop cutting them down and use recycled paper instead. Make our world a green one to live in.
Recycle useful rubbish. Plenty of rubbish can be recycled like cans, paper, bottles, and so on. We can save resources in this way. 【
四、语言学习 (热点)】
这是中考中的老话题，近几年常考，形式多样。
典型例句：
1. My favorite subject is English。
2. More than three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English。
3. It is used by travelers and business people all over the world。
4. China has joined the WTO and the Olympic Games will be held in China. English becomes more and more useful.
5. So English is very important and I like English very much。
6. We have a lot of fun in the English class.
7. Our English teacher often makes us happy in the English class。
8. I hope I can go abroad(出国) one day, and then I can speak to foreigners in English。
9. I like English and try my best to learn it。
例文：
(浙江丽水)Ellen看到大家都对自己的未来充满期待，感到特别高兴。为了鼓励大家学好英语，他准备出一期英语学习经验交流专刊。请根据以下问题和答案的提示并结合你的实际情况，以“My English Learning”为题写一篇80词左右的英文稿件，要求至少涉及其中的三个问题，并且不能出现你的真实姓名、校名和县名等。
提示：
When did you start learning English? (in … /…years ago)
How do you learn English? (listen carefully, study with a group, read English every day…)
What is difficult to learn? (listening, grammar…)
What other helpful ways do you know to learn English well? (watch English movies, sing English songs…)
参考作文：
English is one of my best subjects and I started learning English when I was ten years old. But at the very beginning(在最开始的时候), listening seemed a little difficult for me. So I have been doing a lot of listening practice, such as listening to tapes, watching English TV programs. And I found it really helped a lot. In fact, there are some more helpful ways to learn English well. For example, I enjoy singing English songs and I want to join an English club or find a pen pal from English-speaking countries. I believe that nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it(有志者事竟成).
2、(四川资阳)假设你叫李华，你的英国笔友Linda为了来中国参观奥运会而报名参加了汉语培训班学习汉语。她最近写信向你询问学习外语的建议。请根据下列提示和你学习英语的体会给Linda写一封回信。
注意：1.回信需要包括全部要点;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 3.字数60左右。
Dear Linda,
I’m very glad that you’ll come to China to watch the Olympic Games. I know it isn’t easy to learn a foreign language, but I have some ideas that may help¬¬¬¬¬.
…….
Best wishes and looking forward to meeting you in China
Yours,
Li Hua
参考作文：
Dear Linda，
I’m very glad that you’ll come to China to watch the Olympic Games. I know it isn’t easy to learn a foreign language, but I have some ideas that may help. Firstly, it’s very important to listen to the teacher carefully in class and make some notes so that you can go over your lessons later. Secondly, try to catch every chance to practice speaking, both in and out of class. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Then try to listen and read more in Chinese. What’s more, you’d better plan your time well and study it regularly every day.
Above all, you should be confident in yourself(有自信) and don’t give up(放弃)whenever you meet with difficulty(遇到困难). I’m sure you will succeed through(通过…而成功) your hard work.
Best wishes and looking forward to meeting you in China.
Yours,
Li Hua 【
五、兴趣与爱好(热点)】
兴趣爱好是中考常考话题，难度相对较小
1、介绍你的兴趣爱好
My Hobby
I am a 15-year-old student in junior Grade 3. Though I am occupied with my study(被…占满了时间，…很忙), I would like to spend time on my hobbies, such as playing the piano, surfing the Internet.
One of my favourite hobby is reading. Reading has been in my life for many years, since I began to learn characters. It can not only kill the time(打发时间), but also, more importantly, help improve my comprehension ability. When reading, I can learn a lot. Reading Shakespear’s works, I know how Hamlet looks like. Reading Socrates, I can see how great ancient Greek philosophers are. Reading Lu Xu, I come back to the old time of China. Reading really affect my life.
2、Different people, different hobbies. What hobbies do you have?
My hobby is singing. It’s a great hobby! It’s fun and it makes me feel proud. Singing can be used to relieve (解除) my fatigues (疲劳), and can help me improve my accent(腔调). Singing makes me happy when I"m sad. Singing songs can make you clever. I am always singing at home to share each other’s joys and sorrow (悲痛) in our life and to learn many songs. I really enjoy singing.
It goes without saying that(毫无疑问) there are many different kinds of hobbies and they can not only (不仅) broaden (拓宽) our minds (智力) but also (而且) add more fun to our life.
3、我的爱好(My hobby)
Choose one of your hobbies and write an article for the school magazine about it. Tell the magazine readers.
•What exactly your hobby is;
•When and how you became interested in this hobby;
•Why you enjoy your hobby;
•About your hopes and plans for the future.
写作要求：
1.根据所提供的内容，适当拓展想象空间，灵活地将提供的信息体现在文章中。
2.条理清楚，语句通顺，书写清晰、规范。
3.词数60-80.
范文：
My hobby is reading books. When I was seven years old, I became interested in reading books. I like reading books because there are a lot of useful things in books. I can learn a lot of knowledge from books. Books can also teach me how to be a good person. Books even can solve many problems for me.I will read more good books to improve myself. 【
六、写人记事篇】
这是中考出项频率最高的话题，其特点是难度相对较小，学生都有话可写，但掌握一些基本句子和模仿范文对夺取高分非常必要。
典型例句：
1. His name is Jack。
2. He was born in London in 1982。
3. He is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 52 kilos。
4. He is 20 years old。
5. He comes from England。
6. He is a good ping-pong player。
7. He is medium build(中等身材)。
8. He has short hair。
9. He is outgoing(外向的). Every one likes to talk with him. He gets on well with us。
10. He teaches English very well。
11. He works very hard. He works in No.5 Middle School。
12. He loves watching football games after work。
13. He often helps me with my English。
14. At the age of six, he began to play table tennis。
例文：
1、假如你在2008奥运会期间碰到外国朋友，请你介绍进入NBA美国球队的中国球员易建联的情况。温馨提示：主题鲜明、语句通顺、意思连贯、适当发挥、拼写正确、书写工整。字数80左右。
易建联 生日 1987.10.27 出生地 广东 身高 2.12米
经历 2003年他成为大学生(college)
2000年1月入选中国国家篮球队(National Basketball Team)
2007年7月进入美国NBA，继姚明后的第二个中国球员
爱好 他喜欢听流行音乐、玩电脑。
其他 现在还在努力学习英语。
Yi Jianlian , a famous basketball player, is from Guangdong, China. He was born on October 27th.1987. He is 2.12 meters tall. This handsome boy became a college student in 2003. He was chosen to play for the National Basketball Team in January, 2004. This young man is the second Chinese player in NBA after Yao Ming. In his spare time, he likes listening to pop music and playing computer games. Now he is trying his best to learn English well.
2、(福建莆田)假如你是李华，你从报纸上看到2008北京奥运会志愿者的招聘广告。请你用英文写封简短的应聘信，介绍自己的情况(见下表)表示愿意为奥运会做一些工作，请组委会给予考虑，并能尽早予以答复，词数：80左右。
姓名 李华 年龄 16
简历 我市某中学学生
爱好 绘画、体育、唱歌、演讲、英语口语
获奖情况 2007年12月获我市中学生英语演讲比赛一等奖
身体状况 健康
联系电话 0594--1356666
提示词汇：1.志愿者voluteer 2.作为work as 3.答复reply to 4.比赛contest
Sir/Madam,
I read your ad.(广告) in the newspaper yesterday. I’m writing to tell you that I’d like to work as a volunteer for the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
My name is Li Hua. I’m sixteen. I have many hobbies, such as drawing, sports, singing, speeches, and spoken English. I am proud that I won the first prize in our city’s English Speech Contest for Middle School Student in December, 2007.In fact I’m healthy and strong.
If I am lucky enough to become a volunteer, I will try my best to do this job well. Please reply(回复，回答) to me soon. My telephone number is 0594—1356666.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
3.、回顾初中三年成长过程，你一定有很多感受，从学习， 生活，爱好等方面作出自我评价 ( 毕业 回顾评价)
I have studied in my middle school for three years. I have learned a lot. I have learned not only how to make friends but also how to talk to others. I have many hobbies. I like sports. I often play basketball, football and volleyball with my friends. Football is my favorite. Of all my subjects, I do best in English and Chinese. But my math and physics are a little weak. I think I will try my best to learn them well. I hope I can study in No.1 High School.
4、根据提示写一篇“My English Teacher”
Name Age Years of teaching Hobby Relation with his students
Mr.King 31 10 playing sports watching TV reading . strict kind patient. 范文：
My English Teacher
Mr.King is our English teacher. He is 31 years old. He became a teacher 10 years ago.
He likes playing sports, so he is very strong. He likes reading and watching Tv and he has good knowledge. All of us love to listen to his class because he has a good way to make his lessons interesting. Mr King is kind to us, but very strict with us in our studies. He is patient,too. He is a good teacher and also a good friend. 【
七、旅游和介绍地方篇(热点)】
中考高频率话题，出题形式灵活。
典型例句：
1. Last Sunday(Saturday,…) ,it was sunny(rainy, windy, foggy,)
2. I got up very early (late). After breakfast I went to …with my friends by bike, bus，…
3. We enjoyed ourselves。
4. We forgot the time. We didn"t come back until 5 o"clock。
5. We all felt very tired, but we were happy。
6. I thought I would never forget this trip。
7. Last summer, my parents and I went to Beijing for our holidays。
8. We visited a lot of places of interest。
9. We had a good time there。
10. We bought a lot of things. The clothes here are good and cheap。
例文：
1、(四川自贡)北京将迎来2008年的奥运会，请以主人的身份向外国朋友介绍一下北京和北京几个著名的景点。根据以下提示写一篇短文。
1.北京是一个历史悠久的城市;
2.北京有许多名胜古迹;
3.紫禁城是最受来宾欢迎的景点之一;
4.故宫非常漂亮和著名;
5.长城也是非常美丽可去一看的地方
6.天安门广场是一个好去处，可去漫步。
注：⑴ 字数80左右。⑵ 请不要逐字翻译，可适当添加细节，使行文连贯、意思完整、符合逻辑。⑶ 参考词汇：紫禁城 The Forbidden City 故宫 The Summer Palace 天安门广场 Tian’anmen Square 参考作文：
Beijing is a city with a long history. There are many places of interest in it. Now let me tell you some of them.
The Forbidden City is one of the most popular ones for visitors. It is very big and you can learn much about the history of China from it. The Summer Palace is beautiful and famous, too. The Great Wall is also a wonderful place to go. And Tian" anmen Square is a good place for people to take a walk. I hope you will enjoy your staying in Beijing.
4、( 山东威海) 请你根据下面提供的信息用英语为刘公岛写一篇题为Welcome to Liu Gong Island 的旅游宣传材料。要点：
刘公岛概况 威海东部，岛长4.08km，宽1.5km, 面积3.15km2, 距陆地船程20 分钟，
花草树木覆盖，历史博物馆、动物园等景点，水、陆环岛游等活动
交通方式 (来威海)汽车、火车、飞机等，交通便利
浏览时间 一天
要求：1. 包括以上要点，但不拘泥于其顺序，适当使用描绘性语言，展示刘公岛魅力。
2. 词数100 词左右(已给出的开头、结尾不计入词数)。
Welcome to Liu Gong Island
The summer vacation is coming. Where would you like to visit? Haven’t you decided?
Come to Liu GongIsland! _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
Wish you a good trip!
参考答案
Welcome to Liu Gong Island
The summer vacation is coming. Where would you like to visit? Haven’t you decided? Come to Liu Gong Island!
Liu Gong Island is in the east of Weihai, which has an area of 3.15km2. It is 4.08 km long, 1.5km wide. It will take you 20 minutes to get to the island from the travel port by ship. The history museum on the island is educational. The zoo is interesting to visit. And it is more interesting to travel around the island either on land or by boat. There are all kinds of trees and grass everywhere.It’s very easy to travel to Weihai. You can come by bus, by train, or by plane. You can spend a day happily on the island.It is a good place to visit. Visitors from all over the world come to visit it every year.
Wish you a good trip. 【
八、新生事物评价(热点)】
这是中考热点，这类文章的特点是写作难度大，因此需要学生掌握方法，和基本句式，以做到考试时心中不乱。
典型例句：
1.Computer is becoming more and more important
2.we should make good use of it.
3.It maybe get in the way of(妨碍) our study.
4.We can do lots of things with(有多种方法来应对/处理) it。
5. It makes our life more easy
6.Nowadays mobile phones are becoming more and more popular among the middle school students.
例文
1、网上购物
Doing Shopping Online
With the help of the Internet, shopping is not a difficult job. Just click your mouse to choose the article you like, and the shopping is finished. You needn’t step out of the room.
It seems easy and quick. But there’s always a trap(陷阱) online. If you are careless, it will bring you some trouble. You may find the color of the article is different from what you want, or the size is either too small or too big. If you want to be different, you"d better not buy clothes online.
Once you put on the clothes you bought online and go out, you will find many people wear the same clothes in the street.
2、关于中学生使用手机
赞成意见：1.现在是信息社会，手机是最快的信息交流的工具之一。
2.应充分利用好手机。如偶遇突发事故，可立即拨打手机求助。
3.可在每天学习之余利用手机游戏放松一下自己。
4.只要正确使用好手机，紧跟时间并无过错，追求时尚可以理解，但学习是首要任务。
反对意见：1.学校已提供了公共电话，因此手机并不能带来更多的方便，而且花费较多。
2.若课堂接听手机会影响上课。
3.学生玩手机游戏或接发短信，将无法集中精力学习。
注意：1.可适当增加细节和连接词，使文章通顺连贯;开头部分已给出，不计入总词数;2.词数：100左右;
Dear Editor,
Nowadays mobile phones are becoming more and more popular among the middle school students. In my opinion, …
…………………
Yours truly,
Wang Lin
参考作文：
Dear Editor,
Nowadays mobile phones are becoming more and more popular among the middle school students. In my opinion, we can bring mobile phones to school.
As we know, the 21st century is a modern age and full of information. A mobile phone is one of the quickest tools for us to exchange information. The mobile phone is a fashionable and useful invention, so we ought to(应该) make the best use of it. Suppose(试设想) there’s a sudden accident, it is more convenient for us to dial for help immediately. There’re also some games in the mobile phone. We can relax ourselves by playing them when we’re tired of our studies. In my opinion, it’s not wrong to follow the fashion, but the most important thing is how to use the mobile phone in a right way. Yours truly,
Wang Lin
3、书面表达。(计10分)
假如你叫李平。最近，你就使用电子词典的问题调查了各方面的意见(见下表)。现在，请你根据表格中的信息用英语给某报社编辑写一封信。
注意：1.信件须包括写信原由及表格所列内容;
2.书信格式正确;
3.书写整洁;
4.词数在80个左右。
生词提示：electronic adj.电子的 explanation(S)n.解释，说明
发表意见者 对使用电子词典的不同意见
同学 有用,方便,节省查阅时间
家长 便于携带,多数家庭买得起
英语教师 对单词的解释太简单,不该使用
本人 会使我们变懒惰,不该使用
Dear Editor，
Recently(最近) I made a survey(做调查) about the use of the electronic dictionary.My classmates think that the electronic dictionary is useful，convenient and it can help to save time looking up the words.The parents also think the electronic dictionary is easy to carry and most families can afford it.But my English teacher doesn’t think we should use it，because she/he thinks its explanations for the words are too simple.I suppose the electronic dictionary will make us lazy and we shouldn’t use it. Yours，
Li Ping
4.看图作文
同学们，看到下面的四幅图片及相应的报道后，你感到最担忧的是哪两种情形?请简述你担忧的理由并提出建议或希望。
要求：⒈ 从所给素材中任选两种情形进行阐述，不可多选或少选。
⒉ 条理清楚，意思连贯，语句通顺，标点正确;
⒊ 词数 80 ～ 100。
参考词汇： 建议 suggest v. suggestion n. 气体 gas n.
污染 pollution n.
THE POLLUTIONS
① One third of the world"s people don"t have enough clean water.
② More and more diseases are caused by polluted air.
③ People are disturbed quite often by kinds of noises.
④ Every person in our city makes about 1.8 kilos of rubbish every day.
这道看图作文题，主题和图片连接得不是很紧密。从考查的形式上来说，虽是看图，实质上却属于提示性的作文。这个作文应该结合个人的观点，选择的余地还是很大的。做这个题应该注意几个方面：
1、认真读题。注意，题目虽然给了四幅图，但是却只要求写其中的两个就行。
2、题意要求的是阐述个人的观点-最担忧的两种情形。而不是对图片进行描述。
3、结合所给的提示。提示中，对每种污染都进行了阐述，考生可以这些描述进行写作。
4、注意字数，语法，拼写等，避免错误。
下面是两个例文，大家可以参考一下。
范文：观点一
The environment is becoming worse and worse. There are many kinds of pollution I worry about. The most serious two are water pollution and air pollution, because people can"t live healthily with dirty water and polluted air, nor can animals. More and more diseases are caused by polluted air.
I think factories should not pour dirty water into the river directly or produce more waste gas. We"d better go on foot or by like instead of by car, because more cars mean more waste gas. We should make our world more and more beautiful.
范文：观点二
The first fact I worry about is noise pollution. People can"t sleep well if there is too much noise. That"s why so many people prefer to live in the countryside rather than live in the noisy city. I suggest all the factories and cars shouldn"t make terrible noises. If they make terrible noise that isn"t allowed, they will be fined, and we can also produce the cars which can"t make terrible noise.
The other pollution is rubbish pollution. If everyone makes so much rubbish, one day we may live in a world filled with rubbish. Some people throw the waste paper about. I suggest rubbish should be put into different kinds of dustbins or paper bags. 【
九、梦想和未来】
这是一个老话题，中考常考，难度较小。
1.我的梦想是当一名医生(my dream is doctor)
I am an ordinary person, I have an ordinary dream: to be a doctor. Because doctor may let these experience personally the human which the indisposition suffers to get rid of the pain. May let the human change the health. At the same time, I believed that, will help others, own also to be able to obtain joyfully. Therefore, I hoped future I might be a doctor.
2.以后十年内我的生活(MY LIFE IN TEN YEARS)
In ten years,I think I "ll be a reporter.I wiil live in an apartement with my sister.Because I don"t like living alone. And I can play with her inth aparement.So in ten years,I willba a good reporter.I will meet a lot of interesting and faous people and I willgo to another places on business.In ten years,i will have many different pets. Maybe I will keep a pet turtle.I think I will go shopping with my sister as long as I have time.And I will go to london on my vacation.
So,my life in ten years will be better and better!
3.新学期的打算(The plan for the new term)
Another new term comes again,so i should have a study plan to promot myself.
Firstly, I descide to finish my homework more carefully than before. And pay more attention to the knowledge which i didn"t know it clearly.
Secondly,I will do a lot of reading to widen the range of my knowledge, and try to combine thoery to practice.
Finally,I will learn to adjust to be more positive and more helpful.
That"s what I plant to do in a new term. 【
十、烦恼篇】
这类作文难度较大，掌握基本句式，背诵范文非常必要。
典型例句：
1.I am sorry to hear that……
2.you shoud learn to forget……
3.you had better……
4 you shoud learn to relax
5.you can ask your teacher for help
例文：
(陕西省卷)假如你是Han Mei, 下面是一封你的笔友Alice 给你发来的e-mail,请你根据e-mail 的内容给她写一封回信，与她交流看法，并帮她排忧解难。提示词语：listen to, mother"s love, care about, communicate with, get along with, smile 写作要求：1.语句通顺，书写工整;2.可用所给提示词语，也可以适当发挥;3.词数在60-80左右
Dear Han Mei,
I"m afraid I"ve got a big problem recently. My mother talks too much to me. She always tells me, "Be careful while crossing the street." "Put on more clothes." "Did you do a good job at school?" and so on. I"m annoyed(烦恼)。What shall I do?
Alice
范文：
Dear Alice,
As a teenager, I met the same problem as you. But now I can get along better with my mother. Here are some ideas/advices for you.
Your mother talks much, because she cares about you. Maybe it’s not a good way, but it shows your mother’s love. So I think you should listen to her. If your opinions are different from your mother"s, you can communicate with her, and tell her what you are thinking about.
If your mother doesn’t take your advice, just keep silent and give her a smile.
I hope what I say here can help you a lot.
Writing Task 1
1) 近年来很多名牌大学都会降低标准招收名人学生
2) 一些人强烈反对这样做，但也有不少人认为这很正常
3) 你怎么看?为什么?
Should Universities Lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities?
In recent years, many famous universities lower admission requirements for celebrities. More and more celebrities, especially sports stars, have been admitted to famous universities even without an entrance examination. This phenomenon has become a subject of controversy.
Some people object strongly that universities lower admission requirements for celebrities. They hold that this admission pattern will damage the basic fairness rule of education. In addition, they say that if a person who has not enough academic ability is admitted to the university, it would be an insult on college education. However, still other people think it acceptable. They say that these celebrities deserve this privilege because they have proved their abilities in their field. Besides, in their opinion, these celebrities to some extent set a good model for other young people.Weighing these two arguments, I prefer the latter one. For one thing, these celebrities have sacrificed a lot of learning time for their work, so they should be offered a better chance for learning. For another, if they accept advanced education, they could serve the society better. Therefore, I suggest that people should pay more attention to these celebrities’ efforts and contributions rather than the special treatment they enjoy.
Writing Task 2
现在各种各样的电视选秀节目吸引了许多年轻人。为了实现明星梦，一些年轻人甚至放弃了学业，这种现象引起了许多关注。你怎么看?为什么?
Attending TV PK Shows Does No Good to Young People
Nowadays TV PK shows are great hits in China and have attracted many young people. Some youngsters even give up their studies to attend these shows in the hope of becoming famous overnight. Some people think these shows provide young people with more chance to show talents, while others believe that attending these shows does no good to the young people. As for me, I prefer the latter opinion.
It should be admitted that some young people, like Li Yuchun, have stood out from the numerous participants in the PK show, but that doesn’t mean attending the PK shows is a good way to become successful for young people. The following reasons can support my view. Firstly, TV PK shows breed restlessness and induce young people to hunt after fame at whatever cost. Secondly, TV PK shows can subvert the youngsters’ values. They think attending the PK shows is a shortcut to success, so they may despise the way of achieving success by hard work. Finally, if the young people fail in these shows, they will suffer a psychological unbalance.
In a word, entering for TV PK shows is not a good way for young people to achieve success. I suggest young people should think twice before deciding to attend PK shows.
感谢信 Dear xxx, I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your kindness to receive me when I participated in an exchange program in USA. Your generous help made it possible that I had a very pleasant stay and a chance to know American cultures better. Besides, I think it is an honor for me to make friends with you and I will cherish the
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
2009年考研小作文 Dear Sir，
Nowadays，there exists an increasingly serious environmental problem. White pollution has become a common concern of the public. According to a survey，in some areas the ban on the use of plastic bags are not very successful，so white pollution continues
In my humble opinion，you would be wise to take the following actions. The first action is that，your newspaper would strengthen to report the problem about the bad of plastic bags. The second action is that ,your newspaper should persuade people not to use plastic bags. The last action is that your newspaper should allow the Government to formulate some policies to ban on the use of plastic bags.
I hope you will find these proposals useful，and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming 2008年考研小作文 Dear Bob,
I am writing to express my apology to you.
Several days ago，I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house. Unfortunately，after I came back from Canada，I found it in my luggage. I was in such a hurry that I forgot to return it to you. I will send it to you by post or express as soon as possible. If necessary，I will compensate for any troubles it may cause. Firstly，the reason why I took away your beloved cd player and found it in my luggage is that i forgot to return it to you when i was leaving. And moreover，i am sure the terrible effect，namely the great inconvenience might be that you fail to listen to your favorite songs when you want. Lastly，I am confident that i will never make the same mistakes by avoiding my carelessness and irresponsibility and try to return this cd play to you as soon as possible by means of EMS.
Once again，I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused. Please accept my apology.
Sincerely yours,
Liming
2007年考研小作文 Dear Sir or Madam，
I’m a student in the university and a loyal reader of this library. I’m writing to tell some of my ideas，which I hope to be helpful for you.
I notice that many magazines in our library are out of date It would be beneficial to us students if they could be updated in time. And I suggest introducing some new journals so as to bring new fresh air to the library. Furthermore，since we have a huge number of books，it is not easy to find the right one easily. However，if we can introduce some new searching means，such as implementing new information management system that would be useful.
Thank you for taking time reading this letter and I’m looking forward to seeing some new changes soon.
Sincerely Yours，
Li Ming
2006年考研小作文 Dear Sir or Madam，
As a college student who is studying and living in a good environment，I wish to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial assistance to a child in a remote area. Having conceived such a plan for a long time，I write this letter to request your help to recommend a proper candidate.
I wonder if it is convenient for you if three things concerning the child are taken into consideration. First，the child should come from Gansu Province，for I intend to help a child from my hometown. Second，it will be better if the child is a primary school student. I hope I will help him/her from the very beginning. In addition，he/she must be willing to return to his hometown to help built it after graduation from university.
My plan will be carried out as follows. On one hand，I will remit at least 2,000 Yuan in cash every year until he/she finishes his/her education before entering college. On the other hand，I decide to teach the child一 math and English in person during my summer vacation，which will surely be more beneficial to the child.
Your prompt help would be highly appreciated. And I am looking forward to your reply very soon.(模板!!)
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
2005年考研小作文
Dear Mr. Wang，
First of all，please allow me to express my deep sorry to you for my resignation(目的词，讲过的). I do know that this will bring about much trouble to you so that I write to you for my explanation. I decided to quit for some reasons as follows.(理由) To begin with，the job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions is not suitable to me. What’s more，I am preparing for another degree and I prefer to further my study. Again，I apologize for my resignation to you!
I am looking forward to your early reply.
I will be right here to wait for your early approval and once again feel deeply sorry for the inconvenience my resignation has cause to you.
Sincerely yours，
Li Ming
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