六级作文训练(四)
Self-Protection Awareness
培养自我保护意识
Recently, a large number of affairs about sexual assault were disclosed and reported by mass media. As far as I am concerned, people should get some enlightenment from these affairs, such as enhancing and strengthening education in self-protection awareness, especially for children and students.
最近，有很多关于性侵的事件媒体揭露和报道。我认为人们应该从这些事件中得到一些启示，比如，提高和加强自我保护意识教育，特别是对于儿童和学生。
Children and students are hurt most in this kind of affairs. As a result, to enhance and strengthen their self-protection awareness is indispensable. In addition, to strengthen the awareness of defending danger is also important. If they can realize the potential danger from someone or something before it happens, they can make some preparations to avoid the danger and reduce the rate of being hurt.
因这类事件伤害最大的是儿童和学生。因此，提高和加强自我保护意识是必须的。此外，加强防范危险的意识也是很重要的。如果他们能在事情发生前意识到某人或某事的潜在危险，他们就可以做一些准备来以避免和减少受伤率。
Therefore, I advocate that parents should help their children develop self-protection awareness from birth, such as designing some situation for them to cope with. In addition, parents should teach their children to recognize the danger and how to avoid and reduce the danger from outside. Besides, children also need to develop an excellent ability of observation.
因此，我认为父母应该帮助他们的孩子从出生开始就培养自我保护意识，比如，设计一些情况来让他们应付。父母还应该教导孩子认识危险，如何避免和减少来自外界的危险。此外，孩子也需要培养优秀的观察能力。
In a word, to protect children needs both the effort of parents and children
themselves.
总之，保护儿童需要家长和孩子他们自己的努力。
一、1 目前很多人报考研究生
2 我认为形成这股热潮的原因是„„ 3 自拟标题 题目分析：
研究生，作为找到一份好工作的有力筹码，更是处于经济危机水深火热中毕业生们的一个热门选择，因此本文可围绕考研的种种好处以及结合经济危机进行讨论。
引用
参考例文：
The Post-graduate Craze
Each year, millions of college students will sit in for the post-graduate entrance examination. More and more students have regarded the pursuing of a master degree as an indispensable part of their education.
What is to account for their enthusiasm for a post-graduate diploma? First, it is the demand of the time. In an age of knowledge updating and information explosion, what you have learned in college can hardly meet the demand of society. Talents of high quality who are equipped with the latest knowledge and skill will be needed more than ever. That is why many students will further their studies.
Second, we all recognize that the more education you have, the more likely you are to succeed. Compared with those without a master degree, masters will enjoy more preferential treatment, for example, better salaries, more opportunities for promotion and training. A post-graduate degree can guarantee a more promising career.
Last but not least, with the graduation of a large number of college students, competition for jobs becomes more and more fierce. One way to gain some advantage over others is to have a higher degree.
No wonder millions of students will consider pursuing a post-graduate degree.
样文点评：
post-graduate entrance examination 研究生入学考试 入学考试有很多 如高考;college(or university) entrance examination
pursue vt 追求 名词格式 pursuit 有部电影不就叫 The Pursuit of Happyness
当幸福来敲门
indispensable
adj. 必不可少的, 必需的，在讨论某种积极事物时候都可以用到!
account for
说明〔解释〕„原因
an age of knowledge updating and information explosion 一个知识不断更新和信息爆炸的时代 同样，也可作为套语使用。
preferential treatment 优惠待遇
No wonder millions of students will consider pursuing a post-graduate degree.
文章点睛之笔，别嫌老土，实用拿分才是王道啊~~
从文章结构看，首先阐明考研热现象，然后分析考研热并罗列三点原因，尾巴点睛!
注意套语的熟练使用，此类文章层次感极为重要，要让改卷老师对你的文章结构一目了然~
二、Relationship Between Major and Future Job
1 现在很多人工作的具体内容和其在大学所学的专业知识相关性并不大。
2 出现这种现象的原因。
3 我的看法
题目分析：
被迫学习自己不喜欢的专业绝对是种痛苦，Chance对此略有体会。写作可先从所学专业和未来工作之间关系开始讨论，接着罗列出现该现象的原因，如盲目报考热门专业，未真正找到自身兴趣所在等等。最后，给出自己观点，本文最好采用正面观点：尽管专业不对口，自己也要适应。
引用
参考例文：
Relationship Between Major and Future Job
It’s a striking fact that there isn’t necesary relationship between one’s major and specific job duties for majority of people. Many people condemn this on outdated education system an some even complain that textbooks are useless.
This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First of all , it’s a common sense that there alwasys exists a gap between theory and practice. This gap needs to be bridged by continuous exporation of similarities and differences between these two factors and accordingly corresponding modification. Secondly, due to the rapid development of technology, the knowledge from textbooks becomes behind the times soon . And it will lead to the disassociation between what one acquired in college education and what he does at work.
From my point of view, when faced with the disassociation, one should adapt himself to working environment as soon as possible by adjusting his own information system. What’s more important, life-long learing is essential to one’s career success. Even after one reached the required levels from college education curriculum, pursuit of knowledge should never be ceased. Last but not the least, we should bear this firmly in mind that one’s ability is valued much more than one’s academic degree.
三、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Employment Pressure Facing College Students. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1)目前大学生面临就业难的问题
2)分析导致该问题的原因
3)大学生应该如何应对该问题
Employment Pressure Facing College Students ______________________________________________________________
【行文思路】
本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点提出一个问题，提纲第2点要求分析该问题产生的原因，提纲第3的要求说明应该如何解决该问题，由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。
根据所给提纲，本文应包含如下内容：指出大学生就业难的问题;分析导致该问题的原因;从大学生的角度说明应该如何应对该问题。
【优秀范文】
Employment Pressure Facing College Students
[1]About a decade ago, university students could find satisfactory and enviable jobs after their graduation. [1]But now, things are different. Today’s university students usually experience great difficulties finding satisfactory jobs. They often complain that graduation means joblessness. [2]What is the cause of this phenomenon?
[3]Firstly, with the enrollment extension of universities, [4]the supply of university graduates exceeds social demand. This results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. [3]Secondly, university students [5]tend to spend most of their time at school in studying academic subjects and lack relevant job experience. [3]Thirdly, some students don’t study hard during the college. After four years of university life, they haven’t gained the knowledge those fairly good jobs or positions require.
[6]Facing the increasingly fierce competition, we university students should try our bests to change this situation. [3]Above all, when in school, we should make the most of our time and [7]put our heart into our studies. [3]What’s more, we can take part-time jobs and attend social activities in our spare time to [8]accumulate relevant practical experience. [3]Besides, when we apply for jobs after graduation, we should [9]attach more importance to accumulating experience than to the starting salary.
【作文点评】
[1]过去和现在进行对比。
[2]设问句引出原因，容易引起注意。
[3]过渡衔接词语，使文章条理清晰、衔接紧密。
[4]“大学生供过于求”。
[5]“倾向，趋于”。
[6]“面对日趋激烈的竞争”，现在分词作状语。
[7]“用心学习”。
[8]“积累相关的实际经验”。
[9]“更加关注”。
佳句临摹
1.佳句：Facing the increasingly fierce competition, university students should try their best to change this situation.
临摹：经历过艰苦，我们就会更懂得如何应对危机。
2.佳句：They should attach more importance to accumulating experience than to their starting salary
临摹：很显然，我们应该更加关注一个人的能力，而不是他的学历。
【KEY】
1. Having experienced hardships, we will know better how to survive crisis.
2. Obviously, we should attach more importance to one’s abilities than to his degree.
四、Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Unhealthy Habits of College Students. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.部分大学生有不健康的生活习惯，例如：晚睡、过度消费、沉溺游戏。。。。
2.这种不健康生活习惯的危害
3.如何纠正
写作思路依然是上课反复强调的功能段落的写作思路：首段为负面现象描述(即提出问题)，二段为问题分析(危害)，尾段为建议措施。
It can be noticed that there are some unhealthy living habits among young people, especially college students. Typical examples include staying up late, being addicted to games, consuming in an inappropriate way. Thus, due attention should be paid to students’ daily habits.
Apparently, these bad habits may generate negative impacts. To begin with, they may impair students’ physical health and psychological fitness. In addition, what worries many teachers is that they may also exert negative influences on students’ academic performance. To conclude, never can we turn a blind eye to these phenomena.
In view of the seriousness of this issue, it is time that we took effective measure. Firstly, it is suggested that universities or colleges should cultivate students’ awareness of healthy living. Secondly, students themselves are well-advised to learn to regulate and control their own life appropriately. Only by doing so, can we hope to see the ideal scenes in which students enjoy their colorful and healthy life in Ivory Tower.
五、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How Should College Students Relieve Pressure? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1)当今的大学生要面临很多来自不同方面的压力
2)大学生缓解压力的方式有„
3)你一般都是如何排解压力的?
How Should College Students Relieve Pressure?
行文思路
本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出一个问题，提纲第2点要求说明如何解决该问题，提纲第3点要求阐述“我”的做法，由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。
根据所给提纲，本文应包含如下内容：指出当今的大学生主要面临哪些压力;列举大学生缓解压力的方式;谈谈“我”是采取哪种方式排解压力的。
高分范文
How Should College Students Relieve Pressure?
Today’s college students face many pressures, mainly from parents’ expectation, study, economy, employment and all kinds of competition. [1]Although pressure to some extent can provide motivation, overdue pressure has a serious negative effect. Pressure can destroy a student’s confidence. [2]More seriously, it might make some students lose control of their emotions and behaviors.
[3]Considering the great damage of overdue pressure, college students should learn to how to relieve pressure. [2]First, we should have a right evaluation of ourselves [4]so as to [5]make use of advantages and avoid disadvantages. [2]Second, we should [6]set a clear aim of a struggle. The aim can give us motivation, and make us become active. [2]Third, [7]attending collective activities is an effective way to relieve pressure. [2]Finally, if you find pressure is nearly [8]beyond your control, you’d better turn to professional psychological guidance.
[2]As to me, my pressure is mainly from future employment. [4]In order to reduce it, I asked my parents help me analyse my advantages and disadvantages, and produce a more practical job objection. [2]So my employment pressure was relieved greatly. Now I become confident in my future, and I [9]do believe I can get an ideal job after my graduation.
【亮点点评】
[1]although引导让步状语从句。
[2]过渡衔接词语，使文章条理清晰、衔接紧密。
[3]“考虑到，鉴于”，介词。
[4]表示目的。
[5]“扬长避短”。
[6]“设立一个明确的奋斗目标”。
[7]动名词短语作主语，用不同于前两点的句式提出缓解压力的第三种方式。
[8]“超出„范围或能力”。
[9]强调动词believe。
佳句临摹
1.佳句：Although pressure to some extent can provide motivation, overdue pressure has a serious negative effect.
临摹：尽管兼职工作能够带来很多好处，但我们不应该在它上面花费太多的时间。
2.佳句：Attending collective activities is an effective way to relieve
临摹：学会如何与人沟通是步入社会的第一步也是最重要的一步。
3.佳句：In order to reduce it, I asked my parents help me analyse my advantages and disadvantages
临摹： 为了在激烈的竞争中获得优势，大学生们必须全面发展自己的能力。
【KEY】
1. Although a part-time job does much good to us, we should not spend too much time on it.
2. Learning how to deal with people is the first and the most important step to enter into the society.
3. In order to get their priority in the fierce competition, college students have to develop their abilities in an all-around way.
在家办公
Working from Home
Certain companies, especially some small-scale businesses, start to encourage their staff to work from home or use home as their working base for at least part of the week nowadays. Some offer some forms of remote working support to their work-forces, such as equipping them with laptops and installing broadband, and others pay for the telephone bills for these workers. 一些公司，特别是一些小型企业，开始鼓励他们的员工在家工作，或使用家庭为他们的工作基础，至少部分的周现在。有些提供远程工作的支持某种形式的工作力量，如配备笔记本电脑和安装宽带，和其他人为这些工人付电话费。
This work pattern is popular because it’s clear that there are a number of benefits for these companies. First, it helps retain employees, especially highly- qualified working parents with childcare responsibilities. Second, it brings higher productivity because the employees have fewer interruptions and less commuting time. Last but not least it offers savings on premises and other facilities. 这种工作模式的流行是因为它很清楚，有许多这些公司的好处。首先，它有助于留住员工，特别是高度合格的工作的父母与孩子的责任。第二，它带来了更高的生产率，因为员工更少的中断和减少通勤时间。最后但并非最不重要的研究提供了前提和其他设施的储蓄。
However, there are some potential drawbacks. For one thing, there is difficulty of managing home workers and monitoring their performance and difficulty of maintaining staff development and upgrading skills. For another, it may create a sense of isolation among home workers and it can be harder to maintain team spirit. Therefore, enterprises should weigh the pros and cons before permitting their employees to work at home.
然而，也有一些潜在的缺陷。一方面，有管理家庭工人和监测其性能和维护困难员工的发展和技术升级的困难。另一方面，它可以创造一种在家工作者分离可能会很难保持团队精神。因此，企业应权衡利弊之前允许员工在家工作。
一、 训练目标：
1、要抓住景物的特点。只有把握住景物各自不同的特点，笔下的景才会有个性，才会活起来，文章才能写得深写得透，才会感染人。
2、记叙清楚，重点突出。可按时间先后顺序，或者按移步换景顺序，或者时空两才融合在一起，以游踪为线索，走一程，写一物，脉络清楚。再者，在所记的景物中，要分清主次详略，抓住重点，写具体，写生动。
3、要寓情于景，融理于景。游记中的写景，一般是为了抒情言志。写作中须把情、理渗透到景物的描绘刻画之中，做到景与情、景与理的统一和融合。
4、要有点艺术色彩。可以把游地的历史、名胜、人情、习俗、文物、特产以及民间传说、文人诗句等，加以融会贯通，穿插引用，多层次、多侧面地描绘景物，烘托景物，使画面显得充实饱满，富有情趣和艺术魅力。
二、 写作指导：
(一)导入：
古语云：读万卷书，行万理路。近年来，随着生活水平的提高，同学们外出旅游的机会多了，城市的繁华、乡村的秀美、名胜古迹魅力，无不给同学们留下深刻的印象。如果能把这些印象变成文字，写成游记，那是很有意义的事。游记是描写游览中所见所闻，表达自己思想感情的记叙文。
游记的题材非常广泛，凡是浏览中见到的社会生活、风土人情、山川景物、名胜古迹以及听到的神话传说等，都可能作为游记的材料。但怎样才能把游记写好呢?可以从以下几个方面去作些努力。
二)指导：
1、写出自己与别人的不同感受来
游记散文不能写成流水帐，关键是写出自己独到的感受，要写出游时的“味”来。比如同一座泰山，在不同时代，在不同季节，在不同人的笔下所具有的情韵是不一样的。如果我们也到泰山去，是在一个阳光灿烂的日子，那么我们的笔下一定会是另一番景象。就算是两个人在同一季节、同一天去同一个地方，两个人所获得的感受也是不一样的，因为两个人的生活阅历、知识水平、个人爱好都不一样的，我们的游记散文就是要把这不一样的体验写出来。
2、选自己感受最深的、心灵受触动最大的方面去写
我们在游记散文的写作中，一定要试着去捕捉那些撼动我们心灵的东西，捕捉那些刹那间产生的思想的火花，只有这样才能写出有特色的文章。
3、要有一个明确的主题，要巧妙地表达自己的思想
散文讲究借物寓意、托物言志、从而把人们的思想引向一个丰富而深邃的境界。游记散文也应如此。有些游记散文主要描写祖国的壮丽山河，以激发人们热爱祖国的热情;有些文章则通过一定的事物或游历传达作者的某种思想情感或某种人生哲理。我们在写游记时应该做到能表达一定的情感，寄寓一定的思想。
4、游记类散文要有一个合理的顺序
任何文章都要有一个合理的顺序，游记文章的顺序可以是时间的推移，可以是地点的转移，也可以是作者的某种思想感情的变化，还可以是多者合一，这样才能使行文自然、条理清晰。
、游记散文要展开丰富的联想去写景状物
在游记散文中，有时为了逼真地表现事物，也为了丰富文章的内容，我们可以展开丰富的联想，用比喻、拟人、通感等手法去写景。
6、游记散文可以插入一些有文化底蕴的东西
如神话传说、前人诗文、名人轶事等。写游记散文时总要涉及某一个地方，而任何一个地方都有一定的历史。游记散文不能纯粹是写这个地方有哪些事物，还可能牵涉到这个地方的历史掌故、神话传说、英雄人物、天文地理等方面的东西。这就需要了解这个地方的一些人文知识、风俗习惯等，然后巧妙地根据文章中心表达的需要选择插入的内容。总之，游记散文写法多种多样，但关键是要写出自己的特色，写出真正属于自己的真切感受。
三、训练题目：
把自己生活中的经历写下来，一方面留给自己可时时回忆起那有趣的、特殊的经历;一方面介绍给别人，让大家都知道世界上还有这么好玩、奇妙的地方。如果不写下来，时间长了，在自己的记忆里就只会留下一个大概的印象，很多细节就会遗忘了那多可惜。让我们把自己浏览过的地方写一写，一方面把生活中绚丽多彩的画面有声有色地记录下来，另一方面也可以提高自己的作文水平，这多有意思!现在，请大家写一篇游记，题目自拟，不少于600字。
四、学生写作：略
一、教学要求
1.编写作文提纲。
2.按一定的顺序把游览或参观访问中的所见所闻写下来，把印象深的部分写具体。注意各部分的衔接。
二、教例说明
小学生初学作文旨在练习。为使学生受到扎实的基本功训练，促进听、说、读、写能力的形成。在这次作文教学活动中，教师准备采用综合训练、整体发展的方案，强调教学过程 的整体性，完成教学任务注重全面性，教学手段的多样性。在指导作文的过程中，按观察、思考、借鉴、实践的程序安排训练。首先，指导学生运用阅读课上学到的观察事物的方法去观察生活;第二运用从习作例文、读写例话中学到的写作知识去写自己的生活，去表达自己的情感，以达到发展儿童语言的目的。
三、教学步骤
(一)作前准备
1.本单元教学开始时，就向学生揭示习作题目，使学生作好心理准备。
说明：这样做是运用心理学观点，使学生在学习过程中由无意注意变为有意注意，由被动接受变为主动探求，以加强学习的目的性，激发兴趣，提高效率。
2.复习课文《天然动物园漫游记》、《游善卷洞》，了解作者是怎样一层一层叙述游览过程的。
3.准备写作素材。
说明：习作前可组织一次集体参观、游览活动，这样便于指导观察和写作;也可以让学生回顾自己去过的地方，努力搜集写作素材，用习作笔记的形式把这些素材记下来。
训练：观察记录
(二)课堂指导
1.作前谈话，引发动机。
你们谁去过天然动物园?当然谁也没去过。
作者把自己生活中的经历写下来，一方面留给自己，可时时回忆起那有趣的、特殊的经历，一方面介绍给别人，让大家都知道世界上还有这么好玩、奇妙的地方。如果作者不写下来，时间长了，在自己的记忆当中就只会留下一个大概的印象，好多细节就会遗忘了，那多可惜。我们这次练习，把自己游览过的地方写一写，一方面把生活中绚丽多彩的画面有声有色地记叙下来，一方面可以提高自己的作文水平，这多么有意思!
说明：这样安排引起学生共鸣，产生写作欲望，启发作文兴趣，变“要我写”为“我要写。”
2.确定写作材料和中心。
认真思考并回答：你游览或参观了哪些地方?哪个地方给你留下的印象最深刻?你有哪些感受告诉别人?
小结：写游记或参观记要有明确的中心思想。你为什么要选这个地方写，要表达什么思想，想说明什么问题?动笔之前，确定好中心思想，才能更好地选择材料。
3.联系课文，学习写法。
现在，节假日多了，人们外出旅游观光的机会也多了，不少同学在父母的带领下，曾游览过一处或几处令人难忘的地方。有些同学很想记下自己游览时的所见所感，让大家分享自己美好的感受。那么，怎样写游记呢?
一、按游览的顺序写。我们在参观或游览一个地方时，是随着时间的推移、空间的转移而进行的，因此，我们必须以游览为线索，由先而后依次记述游览过程中所见到的景物，这样，读者才会对你游览的地方有一个清晰的、全面的印象。
二、写出景物的特点。大自然的景物各不相同，都有自身的特点，我们要认真回味游览时的所见所感，选取自己印象最深刻的或最有特色的景物，作具体地描写，并对重点部分进行生动细致地刻画，运用联想，采用比喻、拟人等方法，将景物的特点写出来，使景物形象逼真，让读者宛如亲眼所见一般。
三、分清主次详略。我们在写游记时，面对繁多而又千姿百态的景点，美丽而又令人回味的山水，写什么好呢?这都必须根据文章的中心确定主次详略，把最具代表性的、最使自己激动、最令自己难忘的景物，当作主要内容，进行详细描述，如景物怎样美、怎样奇，你和游人怎样感叹，你凝望着什么，展开怎样的想象等;次要景物可略写或不写，这样重点就突出，游记也就生动了。
四、融入真情实感。在描写景物的过程中，要把自己的思想感情融进文章的字里行间，做到既有所见所闻，又有所思所感，这样可以丰富文章内涵，深化习作主题，使文章更具感染力。
如果你注意了以上几点，那么，你一定会写出成功的游记。
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总结前三期。分别是1.逻辑表达错误 2.介词使用错误 3.代词使用错误3种错误类型 共30个错误。希望对大家对改错的提高有帮助。 1.逻辑表达错误
1 This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn’t think so if you could hear what average man thinks of the average woman. Women won their independence years ago. Before a long, bitter
1.__________ struggle, they now enjoy the different educational
2.__________ opportunities as men in most parts of the world.
2 People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads to the changes in the way of life. As income goes down, people may not want more food to eat or
3.__________ more clothes to wear. But may want more and better care from doctors, dentists and hospitals. They are likely to travel more and want more education. Nevertheless, many more jobs are available
4.__________ in these services.
3 A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors’ study because without them one can
5.__________ read books only in translation.
4 If he was present because of sickness, there was
6.__________ often no job for him when he returned.
5 Under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed.
7.__________
6 Science in itself is harmless, more or less. But as soon as it can provide technology, it is not necessarily harmful.
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8.__________
7 Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this
9.__________ immensely long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers.
8 Can we be so bold as to suggest that we may be able to colonize other planet within the not-too-
10.__________ distant future?
2.介词使用错误
1 The year 1728 saw friction among the coffee-house
1.__________ keepers and the publishers of newspapers.
2 The traditional nuclear family came into being a couple of hundred years ago with the result of social
2.__________ pressure during the shift from feudalism to industrialism.
3 Most part-time workers are women, and most part-time women choose this work because that their domestic
3.__________ responsibility.
4 Quality defines the difference in tone color between a note played by different instruments or sung by
4.__________ different voices.
5 English, which when the Anglo-Saxons first conquered England at the fifth and sixth centuries was almost a
5.__________ “pure” or “unmixed” language.
6 Gram soon wrote to Watson and Crick, introducing him and presenting the first fruits of his thoughts about
6.__________ the coding problem.
7 Man a million years ago was a little more than an
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animal; but early man had several advantages to the
7.__________ animals in that he had a large brain and an upright body.
8 Despite of the great difficulties they had, they
8.__________ continued the work without any complaint.
9 We are fully aware of that something must be
9.__________ done to put an end to this situation.
10 We are the same opinion that he is fit for this position.
10.__________
3.代词使用错误
1 We must find out the customs of other races, so that it will not think us ill-mannered.
1.__________
2 But the people all over the world agree that being well-mannered really means being kind. Please remember this, and then he will not go very far.
2.__________
3 Scientist are discovering that sea water can be very valuable. It has been suggested that their
3.__________ currents can be used to make electricity.
4 While technology makes this possible for four
4.__________ even six billion of us to exist, it also eliminates our job opportunities.
5 Traditionally, work determines our way of life. But if 98 percent of us don’t need to work, what are we going to do with oneself?
5.__________
6 A break in their employment, or a decision to work part-time, will slow its raises and promotions
6.__________
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as it would for men.
7 The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff their way
7.__________ to smoke, cancerous death.
8 There are many such differences and we shall take up only that involving language, omitting those that do not.
8.__________
9 A wise and experienced administrator will assign a job to whomever is best qualified.
9.__________
10 unconsciously, we copy these we are close to or
10.__________ love or admire.
答案解析：
1.Before→After。根据前文含义，可知妇女是在经过了长期而艰苦的斗争之后方才获得了和男性同样的教育机会。因此此处应该改为After。
2.different→same。理由同上。
3.down→up。前文已说人们赚钱越来越多，因此此处应该是收入增加而不是减少。
4.Nevertheless→Therefore/Consequently。由上下文可至此处应该为因果关系而不是转折关系，即正因为人们的薪水增长了，对于食物与衣物的需求减少，而对医疗服务、旅游以及教育的需要增加了，所以在这些服务行业可以找到更多的工作机会。
5.them→it。本句中without them指的是没有几门语言的知识，此处them错指a knowledge of several languages，然而knowledge是主语的中心词，所以要把them改为it。
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6.present→absent。根据常识可知，该句应该是“如果他因为生病而缺席，当他回来时通常就会失去工作”，present不符合逻辑。
7.删去if。该句中的if是误用，even if后面接从句，而该句后面只有their bodies，是半句话，意思为“即使他们的身体”，不符合语法逻辑规则，故应该把if删除，即even their bodies，意为“就连他们的身体”这样才可以与前边的短语构成符合主语表示他们的生活方式和身体状态都得以发生巨变。
8.harmful→harmless。从上文的承接和语义关系看，该段所表达的意思是：科学是无害的，但是一但它能提供技术的时候，那就不一定无害了。因此应该使用harmless。
9.when→after。when表示“当„„时”，after表示“„„之后”。本句中ten thousand years ago指距今一万多年前，是在长期的原始狩猎时期之后，故应把when改为介词after。
10.planet→planets。从逻辑上来讲，人类探索其他星体，不止一个两个，除了移民约球外，兴许还有水星木星等，故应将other后的可数名词变成复数形式，而the other后的可数名词则不为复数形式。
1.among→between。among指两个以上的人或物体之间的关系，between则专指两个人或者物体之间的关系，而文中指两者关系的摩擦，故应该使用between。
2.with→as。“as the result of „ ”意为“作为„„的结果”，在剧中表明“传统小家庭是社会压力从封建社会向工业社会过渡的过程中形成的”。“with the result of „ ”无此用法。
3.that→of。“because that”后面必须接从句，而文中后面所接为名词短语，因此应该使用“because of”，它同样表示原因，但时候却直接接名词短语。
4.by→on。“played by”表示“由„„表演或演奏”，文中所表达意思是在乐器上演奏，故此时应该使用介词on。
5.at→in。当表示在某个世纪时，century前的介词应该为in而不是at。
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6.him→himself。这里误将人称代词宾格代替了反身代词使用，从而引起句子歧义或者意义含糊不清，改为himself之后则和主语Gram正好对应。
7.to→over。表示“对„„优势”使用短语“advantage over sth.”的形式。
8.删去of。“despite”有两种用法：一种是后面直接接名词作为宾语，另外一种是接从句，结构为“despite that„”。根据文中情况，应该为第一种，故将of删掉。
9.删去of。“aware”与“despite”相似，也有两种用法，既可以在后面加介词of，然后接名词作宾语，也可以直接接从句。文中情况为第二种，故将of删去。
10.are后面加of。介词of后面接名词或者名词短语是一种特定用法，表示前面事物的性质特点和意义。原文意为：我们都认为他很适合这个职位。若不加介词，则原文语句不通。
1.it→they。句中“it”所指代的是前面的“other races”，故必须对应用复数形式they。
2.he→you。这里必须特别注意，在这种祈使句中，一般使用第二人称代词you。
3.their→its。由于“their”所指代的是前面的“sea water”，因此必须使用单数形式its，并且根据文意此处应该为所有格，相当于“sea water’s”。
4.this→it。根据句意可知该处“this”作为形式宾语指代“for four or even six billion of us to exist”，然而this不能作为形式宾语。
5.oneself→ourselves。为保持和前面人称“98 percent of us”以及“we”在数方面的一致性，必须将oneself改为ourselves。
6.its→their。根据前文中“their”以及后文中“men”可知此处的“raises and promotions”是指“women’s raises and promotions”，故必须使用复数形式的所有格their。
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7.their→its。由于此处指代对象为population，而population是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故将their改为its。
8.that→those。根据句意此处“that”指代对象为“differences”，所以必须使用复数形式的所有格those，以保持数上的一致性。
9.whomever→whoever。因为whomever为宾格形式，不能作为“is best qualified”的主语，所以必须使用主格形式的whoever。
10.these→those。these和this均可表示确指，that和those均可表示不定指。
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基础训练4(第一课时)
教学重点：复习拼音，注意前后鼻音 教学难点：正确读前后鼻音 课前准备：小黑板、拼音卡片
教学目的：A、B类：复习拼音，正确读前、后鼻音;能读准多音字，会用多音字组词;指导学生正确朗读、应用;
C类：能跟读前后鼻音，会跟读多音字及组词。 教学过程：
一、读读下面的字，注意区别前后鼻音 an
斑
沾
砍
案 ang 裳
桑
坊
挡
en
喷
枕
镇
份 eng 登
风
棚
胜
in
亲
林
您
近 ing 星
岭
景
兴
1、 学生自由朗读，注意区别前后鼻音
2、 指名读
3、 齐读
4、 教师把前后鼻音的字混合在一起，让学生说说是前鼻音还是后鼻音。
5、 用以上的字各组一个词
6、 组好后再齐读
二、读下面的多音字，再组词。
cháng (
)
lěi
(
) 长
累
zhǎng
(
)
lâi
(
)
zhǒng (
)
mò
(
) 种
磨
zhòng (
)
mó
(
)
1、 读多音字
2、 指名板演(其他同学在下面完成)
3、 读多音字，并组成词语
三、作业
A、B：抄写P53
一、二 C：读词语
基础训练4(第二课时)
教学重点：复习学过的词，并学会应用 教学难点：学习冒号、引号的用法
教学目的：A类：教学基础训练4的第
三、
四、五题，能正确使用冒号、引号;
B类：学习基础训练4的第
三、
四、五题，能正确搭配词语;
C类：能跟做基础训练4的部分练习 教学过程：
一、划出下面句子中用得不恰当的词语，再把正确的填在括号里。 (1)战斗的岁月经常艰苦。 (2)我们去农村参加养鸡场。 (3)我班的张明学习很勤劳。
1、分析并找出不恰当的词语。
第一句中的“经常”用得不恰当，应改成“非常”; 第二句中的“参加”应改成“参观”; 第三句中“勤劳”应改成“勤奋”。
2、说说为什么要这样改?
“经常”指常常、时常。
非常：异乎寻常的，特殊的。 参加：加入某种组织或某种活动。
参观：实地观察。
勤劳：努力劳动，不怕辛苦。
勤奋：不懈地努力(工作或学习)。
3、再次读句子，加以复习巩固。
二、用线把下面的词语正确搭配起来。
悠扬的
面容
熟练地 观察 艰苦的
笛声
仔细地
望着 慈祥的
岁月
出神地
骑车
1、 审题
2、 学生自己连线后读读，看看是否正确。
3、 齐读正确搭配好的词语。
三、读句子，加标点。
(1)我说
张伯伯
进屋歇会儿吧 (2)松鼠大叫
小马
别过河
1、指名读句子，试着加标点，找出文中哪些地方要用冒号和引号。
2、老师讲解标点的用法
3、指导朗读，注意读好说话者的语调
四、作业
基础训练4(第三课时)
教学重点：读短文，理解短文内容，提高分析能力
教学难点：理解短文内容，知道记叙的顺序，不能任意颠倒。 教学目的：A类：在学习标点符号用法的基础上，学习短文，理解短文内容，正确回答问题;
B类：在老师的指导下，知道标点的正确使用。读短文，回答问题。
C类：能跟读短文，懂得大概意思。 教学过程： 接上节课
1、 读句子
2、 讨论冒号、引号的用法
3、 练习正确使用标点：
①我向着对面山上喊了一声
太阳出来了
②雷锋同志说
我要做一个有利于人民
有利于国家的人 ③小伙伴们低着头
老半天才说出一句话来
秦淮河上出事了
4、评讲、小结
二、读短文，然后回答问题
1、出示短文(小黑板)
2、跟老师读两遍
3、分析每一节写的主要内容
4、思考：
①短文讲了一件什么事?
②短文的两段话能交换次序吗?为什么?
5、小结、归纳
6、集体齐声有感情地朗读课文
三、综合练习
1、读拼音写词语。
jì
jìng
yōu
yáng
wēi
yī
jiān
kǔ (
)
(
)
(
)
(
) zhān
mǎn
hãǎi
yóu dì
yuán
shú
liàn (
)
(
)
(
)
(
2、区别前后鼻音的字
斑
风
亲
胜
近
景
兴
林
3、多音字组词。
lěi
(
)
zhǒng (
) 累
种
lèi
(
)
zhòng (
)
zhǎng (
)
mó ( )长
磨
cháng (
)
mò ( )
4、 找出词语搭配不当的地方，并改正。 (1) 战斗的岁月非常艰巨。 (2) 同学们学习非常勤劳。
)
您
棚
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