必修4 unit4 同步基础知识练习
一.单词拼写
1. They reached a c__________(十字路口) marked by a signpost(路标).
2.He had to d_______ himself against their charges(指控).
3.I told him I’d meet him here but perhaps he __________(误解) and went straight
to the pub.
4.I’ll try to be a_______(成熟的)about the situation.
5.Our vacation is a____________(接近),but we still can’t decide where to go.
6.Soon afterwards he make his first public s__________(声明) about the affair.
7.The red lines on the map r______________(代表) railways.
8.If a boy is c___________(好奇的)，he is always asking questions.
9.In your new job you will be expected to perform many f________(功能).
10.There is a s__________(想象的)image of water in the desert.
11.There was a t______(true) beautiful view from the bedroom.
12.Jane threw her arms around him and h_____(hug) him tight(紧紧地)。
13. The students g______(greet ) us with a smile, which made us feel warm.
14.They formed an a____________(associate) for the poor people.
15.He complains that there is a ____________(understand)and his wife doesn’t
understand him.
16. Let’s set up an _________ (社团) to help people in trouble.
17. After listening to the long boring lecture, he stood up, stretched, ________ (打哈
欠) and left lazily.
18. Tom(伸) his hand out to support the old man.
19. The visitors(表达) their satisfaction.
20. To be ________ (主观) means not to look at problems objectively.
二.短语和翻译
_____________很有可能____________总的来说 _____________冷落某人_____________丢脸___________令…自由自在 ________保护…免受伤害
_______________ 代表某人 _____________做…的方法 _______________ 防卫____________确保____________亲吻某脸颊__________与……有相似之处
Stand close to_____________be wrong about sb.____________
facial expressions________Look sb. in the eye__________________
三.重点句型
1.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by
Julia Smith from Britain.
【精提取】 to arrive为不定式作后置定语。
【巧应用】 她是在29届奥运会获得金牌的第一位运动员。
She was________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ in the 29th Olympic Games.
2.Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the
same way with touching or distance between people.
【精提取】 not all为部分否定。拓展 every … not = not every并非每个
both … not = not both 并非两个都
【巧应用】 并不是所有昨天晚上在场的歌手都是学生。
________ ________ ________ ________ present last night were students.
3.However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries
approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.
【精提取】 be likely to do sth.有可能做某事。
【巧应用】 如不小心，你就可能出事故。
An accident________ ________ ________ ________ if you are not careful enough.
四.Grammar work 语法专练
①用分词改写下列句子
1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
______ ___________ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages.
The person _________ ___ ______can speak seven languages.
3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language.
The boy ____ __ ________ there is reading a book about body language.
4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.
_______ _____ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.
5. She sat at the desk and did her homework.
She sat at the desk ______ ____ __________.
6.Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way. ( 伴随动作)
Four people entered the roomaround in a curious way.
7.As he was poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. (原因)
poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
8.If you work hard, you’ll surely succeed(条件)
hard, you’ll surely succeed.
9.The boy sat in front of the farm-house and cut the branch. (伴随)
The boy sat in front of the farm-house, the branch.
10.When he heard the news, he got frightened.(时间)
the news, he got frightened.
②用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Not ________(know) his address, Icouldn’t go to see him yesterday.
2. Look out for cars when _______(cross) the street.
3. Not _________________ (invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.
4. He dived into the water, ______ (leave) only his face exposed.
5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _______ (read)
“Sorry to miss you; I will call later.”
6. _______ (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water.
7. ____________ (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.
③Grammar quiz 语法小测
1. When_____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the
differences without noticing many similarities.
A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared
2. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answercarelessly,
always ______the same thing.
A. sayingB. saidC. to sayD. having said
3. There are hundreds of visitors _____ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at
Van Gogh’s paintings.
A. waitedB. to waitC. waitingD. wait
4.______ , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speakingB. Speaking general
C. Generally speakingD. Speaking generally
5. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _______ away.
A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran
五.单项选择
1. — Look! Black clouds are gathering.— Yes. It’s ________ that a heavy rain is
coming.
A. possiblyB. probablyC. likelyD. really
2. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ___ to her mother.
A. closeB. closelyC. closedD. closing
3.--The last one __ pays the meal.--Agreed!
A. arrivedB. arrivesC. to arrive D. arriving
4. I quickly walked to the other side of the street to avoid __ him.A.to meet B.meeting
C.to meeting D.having met
5. The old couple are now quite ______ because their son finished the task _____ and has come home safe.
A. ease; at easeB. at ease; with easeC. at ease; at easeD. easy; with ease
6. As winter ______, weather became cold.
A. approachsB. approachingC. to approachD. approached
7. The boy said that he did such a silly thing out of _____.
A. curiosityB. curiouslyC. curious D. curiousing
8. If you are ______ about Brazil, you may read this book.
A. curiousB. upsetC. strangeD. interested
9. —What do you mean by saying that?—I think you ______ what I said. I meant no harm.
A. understoodB. misunderstoodC. heardD. followed
10. _______, a learned man makes fewer mistakes in life than a man without knowledge.
A. In generalB. As generalC. On generalD. At general
11. How _______ I was when I heard the _______ news!
A. disappointing; disappointedB. disappointed; disappointing
C. disappointing; disappointingD. disappointed; disappointed
12. --- What do you think of the book?-- Oh, excellent. It’s worth______ a second time.
A. readingB. being readC. to readD. to be read
13. You can get his help as he is a person who is willing ____ others.
A. helpsB. helpingC. helpD. to help
14. I don’t think ______possible to finish so much work within so short a time.
A. thisB. itC.itsD. that
15. “It’s raining too heavily at this moment,” said the old woman, ________ out of the window.
A. to lookB. lookingC. having lookedD. looked
16. —I don’t like this kind of music.—_______. It’s too noisy.
A. Nor do IB. Nor I doC. Neither am ID. Neither I am
17. Finding her car stolen, ______.
A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help
18. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To waitB. Have waitedC. Having waitedD. To have waited
19. People from France do not behave in the same way we Chinese people do.
A. whatB. whichC. at whichD. /
20. —Do you know the tall man ______ to Mr. King over there?—Sorry, I don’t know him.
A. to speakB. speakingC. is speakingD. has spoken
21. Three students ______ Dongshan Middle School took part in the Oral English Competition.
A. representB. are representingC. representingD. represented
22. ----Can you _c_ yourself to others in English, Mary? ----Sorry, I can not ___ myself in English.
A. express; introduceB. express; express
C. introduce; expressD. introduce; introduce
23. Mary____ politics in the university but now she is going into business.
A. majored inB. majorityC. majorD. major in
24. Immediate action should be____ to prevent people from being affected by the bird flu.
A. MadeB. broughtC. takenD. paid
25. Only after you finish your work ____TV.
A.you are allowed to watchB.are you allowed watching
C.are you allowed to watchD.can you be able to watch
六.句子
1.你准备好了吗?他可能随时就到 be likely to
2由于这个误解，她背弃了我们。turn one’s back to
3孩子们通常对外面的世界充满好奇。in general
4这次考试的失败使他颜面丢尽。lose face
七 语法填空
Body language is sometimes more important __1___ spoken language. You might frown and turn your back to someone to show you close your hand and shake it to someone, you are threatening that person. A smile is intended to put people at ease. It doesn’t always mean __3___ you are happy, however, a smile you don’t agree, or that you refuse to do something. There are differences in body language and(teach) that looking directly at an adult is not good behavior. However, some teachers in North America punish _ don’t look them in ___eye because they think they are not telling the truth. We can often be wrong about each do!
Book4 unit4参考答案
一 单词拼写与完填空
1—10crossroadsdefendmisunderstoodadultapproaching
statementrepresentcuriousfunctionssubjective
11--15trulyhuggedgreetedassociationmisunderstanding
16-20 associationyawnedreachedexpressedsubjective
二.短语翻译
be likely toin generalturn one’s back to sb.lose faceput sb. at ease/
feel at ease
Defend…againstrepresent sb.the/an approach to doing sth./the way to do sth.
Be in defense/be in one’s defensemake surekiss sb.on the cheek
Have some similarities in sth.站得近误会某人脸部表情直视某人
三.重点句型：1. the first athlete to win the gold medal 2. Not all the singers
3. is likely to happen
四.Grammar work 语法专练
①1. When approaching 2.translating the songs 3.who is standing 4.Coming
from5.doing her homework6.looking 7.being 8 working 9.cutting 10 (when)hearing
②1. knowing 2. crossing 3. having been invited 4. leaving 5. reading
6. Taking 7. Having closed
③1-5CACCB
五.1—5 C A D B B6-10 B A A B A11-15 B A D B B
16-20 A D C D B21-25 C C A C C
六.句子翻译
1.Are you ready? He is likely to come at any time.
2.She turned her back to us because of this misunderstanding.
3.In general, children are curious about the outside world.
4. Failing in the exam make him lose face.
七.语法填空
(2) 1 than2 If/When3 that 4 nodding5while6 be paid7 are taught8 who9 the10 amazing
Unit4 单元练习
1.right away= at once =immediately立刻，马上
We must leave right away. It’s eight already.
It’s not early so you’d better start right away.
2.burst v. 爆裂, 爆发
To my shock, the balloon burst suddenly.
That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more.
拓展：
burst into tears放声大哭
burst into laughter 放声大笑
burst out laughing/crying 突然大笑 ，突然大哭
Hearing the news , he burst into tears./out crying.
When the students heard the story, they burst into laughter.
3.as if好像，好似 = as though
She spoke to me as if she knew me.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
It seems as if our team is going to win.
She loves the boy as if she were his mother.
She acts as if he were a fool
4.at an end 结束，终结
Thank God! The work is at an end.(谢天谢地，这活终于干完了。) The war was finally at an end.
He had studied English for three years by the end of last term. The war came to an end in 1948.
The plan ended in failure.
He tried many times to pass the exam and in the end he succeed.
5.ruin
n. 废墟，毁灭
The castle(城堡) has fallen into ruins.
we visited the ruins of the temple.
in ruins 成为废墟
An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.
His career is in ruins.
Years of fighting left the city in ruins.
The city is now in ruins.
v. 毁坏，毁灭
The heavy rain will ruin the crops
6.injure 损害，伤害
He fell off the bicycle and injured his arm.
She was serious injured in a road accident.
The injured were sent to hospital immediately.
The injured people in the accident were given first aid at once.
7.destroy 破坏，毁坏，(指完全彻底毁坏，含有不能或很难修复之意)
damage 破坏毁坏(一般毁坏或价值或效益会降低，这种损害是部分性的)
v. The building was completely destroyedby the fire.
The water destroyed my book. I will have to throw itaway.
Yesterday he had an accident and his car was _________.It needs repairing.
destroyer破坏者, 消灭者,
8.shock
n. 震惊;打击;休克
The news of his death was ashock to us.
It was a great shock for him when his wife died.
vt. 使…震惊
I was shocked when I heard about your accident.
I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.
(辞职)
9.rescue
1.(n.) 搭救，解救
A rescue team(营救队) is trying to reach the trapped mines(被困的矿井).
Rescue was at hand.(营救近在咫尺)The old lady rescued the three children from drowning.
He rescued a boy from the burning building.
10.trap
n. 陷阱;圈套;埋伏
The police set a trap for the thieves.
The hunter set traps to catch foxes.
vt.使陷入困境
trap—trapped—trappedbe trapped in 陷于
She was trapped in the burning house.
Many women are trapped in loveless marriage
11.dig outvt. 掘出; 挖掉
dig—dug—dug
He was buried under the snow and had to be dug out
12.bury
The boy buried the dead bird in the backyard.
男孩们把死鸟埋在后院。
They helped the child bury his father.
vt. 使沉浸(或专心于)
bury oneselfin埋头于
In the evening he burred himself in his books
13.shelter
n. 庇护所，避难所，遮蔽物
These are shelters for the homeless
In the storm(暴风雨) I took shelter under a tree.
v. 庇护，掩蔽，保护
The plants(植物) must be sheltered from
direct sunlight.
14.a (great) number of=many
=a great many= a good many
许多，大量(修饰可数名词)
同义词组a lot of = lots ofplenty of
A great number of people died in the fire.
=Many people died in the fire
=A great many people died in the fire
=A good many people died in the fire.
the number of...的数目
We are not sure about the number of the injured.
15.damage (部分毁坏)
损失;损害，损坏
The storm did a lot of damage to the
crops.
暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。
vt. 损害，损坏;使受损失
The earthquake damaged several
buildings.
地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。
16.fright n. 受惊;惊骇
frightenvt. 吓唬;使惊惧
frightenedadj. 受惊的, 受恐吓的 The frightening
Loud thunder(雷声) gave me a fright.
Don’t frighten me.
He was frightened of the fierce dog.
I was frightened of the dark.
The snake was frightening. I was frightened
adj. 令人恐惧的
17.judge
v. 审判, 审理(在竞赛中)评判，裁判
Who will judge the next case?
Don’t judge a man by his looks.
The blind can’t judge colours.
不要以貌取人。
n. His father is a judge.(裁判)
定语从句练习
Declan is a famous singer _________ sings the song tell me why
He is a little boy ________ is eating
This is a red new car ________ I bought last week.
Do you know the mancried just now?
The girl __________often helps me is Lucy.
Do you know the man ____________we saw at the Beijing Hotel
Miss Gu is our English teacher _____________ we often visit in our spare time.He is a popular singer __________ song is very popular among young people This is my neighbor _________ home was destroyed by the earthquake
This is a shop ____________ sells bicycles.
I have read the newspaper ___________ carries the important news
Jane has borrowed the bookwas written by Laoshe.
1. Have you seen the film ____ leading actor is world famous?
A. thatB. whoseC. whoD. whether
2.Anyone ____ failed to come to the meeting must give his reason?
A. whichB. whomC. whoD. what
3.The film _____ I saw yesterday is very interesting.
A. whatB.itC. whereD. /
4.This is the farm ______ we visited yesterday
A. whichB.thatC /D where
5.You will find the nearest market_____ door
faces south.
A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. that
6. He has a daughter _____ worked in a hospital.
A. thatB. whoC. whichD. he
7. Is that the house ____ you bought last year?A. whereB. which
8. Is that the picture ___ you are laughing at?A.whichB.where
9. It is the most interesting book ___ I’ll ever read.A. whichB. that
10.The street ___ is to the park is very
narrow.A. whereB. which
11. The person ___ finds my watch will get
a reward.A. whoB. when
12. This is the room __ we listened to the the lecture(讲座). A. whichB. where The famous basketball star, ____ triedto make a comeback(复出), attracted alot ofattention.
A. whereB. when C. which D. who
(2006 北京) Women ___ drink more thantwo cups of coffee a day have a greaterchance of having heart disease than those ___ don’t.
A. who;/B. /; whoC. who; whoD. /;/
(2006 福建) Look out! Don’t get too
close to the house ___ roof is under
repair.
A. whose B. which C. ofwhichD. that
高一(2)(4)(10)班第二单元词汇练习
姓名：班级：学号：第一题：把下列汉语翻译为英语。
1. 每一年，很多来自世界著名大学的参赛选手来到泰晤士河比赛划船。(compete)
2. 全体团员参加了会议，在会上有十个学生入了团。(take part in)
3. 符号X代表一个未知数。(stand for)
4. 他过着有规律的生活。(regular)
5. 他被接纳为乒乓球队的一名队员。(admit)
6. 我将去伦敦，我的妹妹也将去。(as well)
7. 课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。(replace)
8. 他的话让我想起来了以前一位女士告诉我的事情。(what)
9. 我从未出过国，他也没出过国。(neither)
10. 谁也不像他那样如此需要我们的帮助。(so much as)
11. 一位有经验的工程师负责该工程。(in charge of)
12. 我们在当地报纸上为我们的车登广告。(advertise)
13. 他们就咖啡的价格进行商谈。(bargain)
14. 参加宴会的客人们陆续来了。(one after another)
15. 完成了如此出色的工作，你应该获得一枚奖章。(deserve)
第二题：把下面的一篇短文翻译成英语。
古代奥运会开始于公元前776年。从那时起，为了替祖国争得奖牌和荣誉，成千上万来自世界各地的运动员参加四年一次的运动会。奥运旗帜上的五环代表了世界的五大洲。奥运会得口号是：更高、更快、更强。
众所周知，对于被选为举办奥运会城市而言，那不仅仅是一份责任而且也是一份荣誉。在举办城市，一个特殊的村庄以及体育馆还有一个主体育场将为运动员和观众建立起来。而且，在奥运会期间也会有很多的自愿者。
为了保持健康，现在越来越多的人喜欢体育锻炼。并且越来越多的运动员竭尽全力提高自己的水平，以便他们能够达到参加这一项大赛的标准。
必修一必修二默写练习答案
1、漫江碧透，百舸争流。
2、鹰击长空，……万类霜天竞自由。
3、携来百侣曾游，忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠。
4、挥斥方遒。……粪土当年万户侯。
5、到中流击水，浪遏飞舟!
6、怅寥廓，问苍茫大地，
7、此地有崇山峻岭，……又有清流激湍，……
8、一觞一咏，亦足以畅叙幽情。
9、俯察品类之盛，所以游目骋怀，
10、悟言一室之内，……放浪形骸之外。
11、向之所欣，俯仰之间，
12、固知一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇为妄作。
13、纵一苇之所如，凌万顷之茫然。
14、浩浩乎如冯虚御风，飘飘乎如遗世独立
15、舞幽壑之潜蛟，泣孤舟之嫠妇。
16、舳舻千里，酾酒临江，横槊赋诗，
17、侣鱼虾而友麋鹿，举匏樽以相属。
18、寄蜉蝣于天地，渺沧海之一粟，
19、挟飞仙以遨游，抱明月而长终。
20、则天地曾不能以一瞬;则物与我皆无尽也。
21、苟非吾之所有，虽一毫而莫取
22、耳得之而为声，目遇之而成色
23、夫夷以近，则游者众;
24、世之奇伟、瑰怪、非常之观，常在于险远，
25、而又不随以怠，至于幽暗昏惑而无物以相之
26、于人为可讥，而在已为有悔;
27、尽吾志也而不能至者，其孰能讥之乎?
28、氓之蚩蚩，抱布贸丝。
29、乘彼垝垣， 泣涕涟涟。
30、尔卜尔筮，体无咎言。
31、桑之未落，其叶沃若。
32、桑之落矣，其黄而陨。
33、女也不爽，士贰其行。
34、夙兴夜寐，靡有朝矣。
35、总角之宴，言笑晏晏。
36、譬如朝露，去日苦多。
37、青青子衿，悠悠我心。
38、月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。
39、山不厌高，海不厌深。
40、羁鸟恋旧林，池鱼思故渊。
41、榆柳荫后檐，桃李罗堂前。
42、暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。
43、久在樊笼里，复得返自然。
语文必修
1、2名著导读检测题
一、填空：
1、《论语》成书于__________之际，是一部_______体散文集，是孔子的_______和______________所辑录的孔子及其弟子的言行录。宋儒把《论语》和《_______》《_______》《_______》合称为“四书”。
2、孔子，名____，字_____，_____家学派创始人，思想核心是_______，政治上主张_______，鼓励人们_______，即“出来做事”。开_______讲学的风气，传说有弟子_______人，身通六艺者_______人。孔子本人也被历代统治者尊奉为至圣先师。
★答案：
1、春秋战国
语录 门人 再传弟子 中庸 孟子 大学
2、丘 仲尼 儒 仁 礼治 入仕 私人 三千 七十二。
二、翻译、背诵与理解：(课本中出现的例句)
1、三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。(《论语述而》) ★译文：几个人一起走路，其中便一定有值得我学习的人。我选取那些优点而效法，把好的言行记在心里;对于他们身上的缺点，我进行反省，如果自己身上也有，就立即改去。
2、己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。(《论语雍也》)
★译文：自己想要立身，从而使别人立身，自己想要通达从而使别人通达。
3、学而不厌，诲人不倦。(《论语述而》)
★译文：努力学习，坚持不懈，教导别人从来不知道疲倦。
4、敏而好学，不耻下问。(《论语公冶长》)
★译文：天资聪明而又好学的人，不以向地位比自己低、学识比自己差的人请教为耻。
5、子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”(《论语为政》)
★译文：孔子说：“时时温习已经学过的知识，由此就能获取新的更深的知识，这样就可以为人师表了。”
6、子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。”(《论语为政》) ★译文：孔子说：“学习了而不深入思考，就会迷惑;[但]只是去空想而不去学习，那就危险了。”
7、不愤不启，不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也。
★译文：不到他努力想弄明白而不得的程度不要去开导他;不到他心里明白却不能完善表达出来的程度不要去启发他。如果他不能举一反三,就不要再反复地给他举例。
8、君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。(《论语述而》) ★译文：君子心地平坦宽广，小人经常局促忧愁。
9、见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。(《论语里仁》)
★译文：看见贤德的人想向他看齐，看见不贤的人而内心自我省察。
10、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。(《论语子罕》)
★译文：一个国家的军队，可以使他丧失主帅;一个小小的男子汉，却不能强迫他改变自己的志向。
11、工欲善其事，必先利其器。(《论语卫灵公》)★译文：工匠要想做好他的工作，首先一定要把工具磨锋利。
三、模拟题：
1、阅读下面《论语》选段，回答问题。
孔子曰：“益者三友，损者三友。友直，友谅，友多闻，益矣。友便辟，友善柔，友便侫，损矣。”(《论语季氏》)★译文：孔子说：“有益的交友有三种，有害的交友有三种。同正直的人交友，同诚信的人交友，同见闻广博的人交友，这是有益的。同惯于走邪道的人交朋友，同善于阿谀奉承的人交朋友，同惯于花言巧语的人交朋友，这是有害的。” ⑴ 孔子所说的择友的标准是什么?请用自己的话加以概括。
⑵
⑵从交友有益的角度来说，你认为孔子弟子中哪些人比较适合做自己的朋友?请举一例并说明理由。
★答案：
1、⑴孔子所说的择友的标准是正直、诚实、博学多闻。⑵示例：颜回颜回虽然家境贫寒，缺衣少食，生活艰苦，却能忍受困苦，不为物质所累，自得其乐，始终保持心境的恬淡和安宁。以颜回为友，能够让自己也拥有一颗淡然的心，保持良好乐观的心态，快乐地生活。
名著导读《大卫科波菲尔》检测题
一、填空题：
1、狄更斯(1812-1870)是享有世界声的誉_____小说家，也是唯一可以与__________比肩的英语作家。代表作有《_______________》《老古玩店》《艰难时世》《双城记》《远大前程》等。
2、《大卫科波菲尔》是“_________体”长篇小说，以大卫的成长史为小说的_____。小说中的房东密考伯夫妇是狄更斯以他的父母为原型塑造的，密考伯夫妇那种“债多不用愁、乐天知命”的性格成为文学中的典型，称做“________主义”。
★答案：
1、英国 莎士比亚 大卫科波菲尔。
2、半自传 主线 密考伯
二、选择题：
1、下列是关于名著《大卫科波菲尔》人物说明，不正确的一项是( )
a、大卫善良，诚挚，聪明，勤奋好学，有自强不息的勇气、百折不回的毅力和积极进取的精神，终于获得了事业上的成功和家庭的幸福
b、大卫的后父默德斯东凶狠贪婪，他把大卫看作累赘，常常责打他。母亲去世后，即把不足10岁的大卫送去当洗刷酒瓶的童工，让他过着基本能解决温饱的生活。 c、大卫贝西小姐生性怪僻，但心地善良。她收留了大卫，让他上学深造。
d、阿格妮丝既有外在的美貌，又有内心的美德，她最后与大卫的结合，这种完美的婚姻使小说的结尾洋溢一派幸福和希望的气氛。
2、下列对《大卫科波菲尔》作者、思想内容和艺术成就的说明，错误的一项是( )
a、这部小说是是19世纪法国批判现实主义大师狄更斯的一部具有强烈的自传色彩的小说。 b、文章通过主人公大卫一生的悲欢离合，多层次地揭示了当时社会的真实面貌，突出地表现了金钱对婚姻、家庭和社会的腐蚀作用。
c、小说在艺术上的魅力，不在于它有曲折生动的结构，或者跌宕起伏的情节，而在于它有一种现实的生活气息和抒情的叙事风格。
d、小细节刻划十分生动传神，环境描写也很有功力，尤其是亚摩斯那场海上风暴，写得气势磅礴，生动逼真，令人有身临其境之感。
★答案：
1、b。应为“让他过着不能温饱的生活。”
2、a。应为“英国批判现实主义作家。”
三、简答题：
1、请简述《大卫科波菲尔》中一个善最终战胜恶的故事。
2、请简述大卫科波菲尔在半年学校生活中留下深刻印象的一件事。
3、大卫科波菲尔的吉神和凶神是谁?怎样认识他们对大卫人生的影响?
4、简要分析大卫科波菲尔这一人物形象。
★答案：
1、大卫科波菲尔中一个善最终战胜恶的故事：阴险小人希普企图占有维克菲律师的产业，还企图占有律师的女儿阿格妮丝，大卫的姨婆破产也是他捣的鬼。但最后他的阴谋并未得逞，密考伯揭穿了他的罪恶行径。随后密考伯一家移民海外，并在那里大有作为。
2、一次，大卫最喜欢的同学史蒂尔福斯在课堂吵闹，麦尔老师批评他几句，他非但不服管，还污蔑老师是“叫花子”，吵闹声找来了校长，史蒂尔福斯振振有词地揭发麦尔老师的母亲是靠施舍过日子的，校长是势利眼，于是解雇了麦尔老师。大卫为此深深内疚，因为麦尔老师对他很好，而且关于他母亲受施舍的事还是大卫无意间透露的。
3、大卫生命中的吉神是他的第二任妻子，也就是维克菲律师的女儿阿格妮丝。阿格妮丝是一个聪慧、善良的女子，她代替死去的母亲照顾父亲，而且对待大卫也很友善，帮助了大卫确立健全的人格。直到大卫最终意识到：阿格妮丝才是他最理想的伴侣。所以阿格妮丝是大卫的吉神。 凶神就是上面提到的，仪表堂堂却内心险恶的史蒂尔福斯。他是大卫童年时的好友，但是随着大卫人格的健全和阿格妮丝的提醒，他渐渐意识到史蒂尔福斯是个伪君子。而且史蒂尔福斯诱骗大卫的童年好友--大卫的保姆佩葛蒂的侄女艾米莉在结婚前夕与他私奔。史蒂尔福斯给大卫的亲人以及朋友的生活带来了极大的不幸，所以他是大卫的凶神。
4、大卫科波菲尔是《大卫科波菲尔》中的主人公，曾经是个孤儿。作家描写了他从孤儿成长为一个具有人道主义精神的资产阶级民主主义作家的过程。他善良，诚挚，聪明，勤奋好学，有自强不息的勇气、百折不回的毅力和积极进取的精神，在逆境中满怀信心，在顺境中加倍努力，终于获得了事业上的成功和家庭的幸福。在这个人物身上寄托着狄更斯的道德理想。
(必修二) 《家》
艺术成就：《家》是巴金30年代创作的“激流三部曲”中的第一部，它从1931年问世至今，一直以其特有的反封建的思想光辉和动人的艺术魅力吸引着广大读者，在中国现代文学史上占有着重要的地位。 长篇小说《家》以20年代初期中国内地城市四川成都为背景，真实地写出了高家这个很有代表性的封建大家庭腐烂、溃败的历史。
作品中的高家是中国封建社会和家族制度的缩影。作品在揭露这个封建家庭罪恶的同时，还侧重表现了封建制度、封建礼教对青年一代的摧残和迫害。同时还表现了以觉慧为代表的一代觉醒了的青年同这个罪恶家族的斗争。这些青年受“五四”反封建巨浪的影响，一方面在社会上积极参加宣传革命思想的学生运动，一方面在家庭内部和封建势力、封建礼教展开勇猛的战斗，最后，他们真正敲响了这个封建大家庭的丧钟。
《家》是一部思想相当深刻的现实主义力作，作品通过以觉慧为代表的青年一代与以高老太爷为代表的封建腐朽势力的激烈斗争，反映了当时的社会面貌，深刻地揭露了封建社会和家族制度的腐败与黑暗，控诉和揭示了大家族和旧礼教、旧道德的罪恶以及吃人本质，并且揭示了其必然灭亡的历史命运。同时，作品还以极大的激情歌颂了青年知识分子的觉醒、抗争以及他们与罪恶的封建家庭的决裂。
人物鉴赏：
1.觉新 。觉新是以巴金刚刚辞世的大哥为生活原型的一个人物，他的身上凝聚着作者对自己最亲爱的人的深切痛惜，对他的刻画涓滴无遗地流露出作者对这个人物的情感，因而从艺术角度而言，这个人物堪称是全书中最成功的人物--最真实的往往也是最动人的。
觉新是一个新旧掺半的人物，他接受了封建主义的正统思想，但也对封建家庭的腐败不满，性格上具有较突出的两重性：在旧家庭中是个暮气沉沉的大少爷;在与觉慧、觉民等年轻人在一起时，又是一个渴望新生活的青年。由于他承受着太重的旧文化的因袭重担，在封建意识的压迫和自我思想矛盾的痛苦中，无力自拔。他在梅林里的憧憬，他在洞房外月下的独叹，他在面对梅前来避难时借酒抒怀，点点滴滴为我们呈现的是一个有血有肉，懂风情，有学养，会思考，有灵气的觉新形象。而正是这样一个人物做出了许多令人难以理解的选择。这选择恰恰也是深思熟虑的结果。这种悲剧的意味更加耐人寻味。
2.觉慧。 觉慧，大胆而幼稚的叛逆者的形象。“五四”新思潮掀起了青年一代的热情和理想，给了他们民主主义、人道主义的思想武器。觉慧便是被五四新思潮唤醒的新生的民主主义力量的代表。他讨厌别人说自己坐轿子，是因为他不想让别人把他当作有钱人的纨绔子弟。他大胆地跟鸣凤示爱，希望可以选择自己爱的人;他积极参加“五四”爱国学生运动，渴望推翻这腐朽的封建制度;他公开支持觉民抗婚，主张青年人主宰自己的命运;他积极投身学生运动，热心办刊物(《黎明周报》)，宣传进步思想。在家中，他有正义感，同情下层人物，勇于反对封建束缚。他敢于怒斥长辈们装神弄鬼等迷信行为，反对把瑞珏搬到城外分娩。他坚决反对大哥觉新的“作揖哲学”和“无抵抗主义”，他的信念很单纯，对旧势力“不顾忌，不害怕，不妥协”。最后，他义无返顾地走出了家庭。
3.高老太爷 。高老太爷，是封建家长制和封建礼教的代表。作为这个封建大家庭至高无上的统治者，作品突出表现了他专横、冷酷的性格特征。为了维护封建礼教和封建制度，他坚决反对孙子们进学堂和参加一切社会活动。他逼觉新和瑞珏结婚，制造了觉新和瑞珏、梅三个人的爱情悲剧。他对家中男女仆人视同牲畜，硬是把只有17岁的鸣凤送给60多岁的冯乐山做小老婆。鸣凤死后，他又把婉儿抬到冯家受煎熬。在高老太爷的生命中，维护大家庭的秩序、兴盛，是他意志的全部。也正因此，当他临终前，意识到这个家似乎已经无可挽回地走向衰败时，又极力挣扎，企图用慈祥、温和、自我忏悔将已走上新路的觉慧等拉回到老路上来。当然，高老太爷的挣扎是徒劳的，高家最终没有免于崩溃的命运。作品通过塑造高老太爷这样一位腐朽反动的人物，表现出了封建制度以及旧礼教、旧思想、旧道德必然灭亡的趋势。
《家》还重点描写了几个有着不幸遭遇的女子形象——梅、鸣凤和瑞珏。这三个女子虽然性格不同——梅悒郁，瑞珏贤慧，鸣凤善良却柔中有刚;她们的社会地位也不同，但她们的悲剧结局却是相同的。作品通过对这几位女子悲剧遭际的描写，进一步控诉了封建礼教以及封建道德对弱小、无辜、善良的人们的迫害，强化了全书主旨。
《巴黎圣母院》
1、填空
《巴黎圣母院》是雨果第一部大型
小说。它以离奇和对比手法写了一个发生在15世纪法国的故事：巴黎圣母院副主教弗罗洛道貌岸然、蛇蝎心肠，先爱后恨，迫害吉卜赛女郎
(人名)。面目丑陋、心地善良的敲钟人
(人名)为救女郎舍身。书中人物和事件，即使源于现实生活，也被大大夸张和强化，在作家笔下构成一幅绚丽而奇异的画面，形成尖锐的
的对比。小说揭露了
的虚伪，宣告禁欲主义的破产，歌颂了下层劳动人民的善良、友爱、舍己为人，反映了雨果的人道主义思想。 (浪漫主义 爱斯梅拉达 卡西莫多 善与恶、美与丑 宗教)
2、《巴黎圣母院》中，当爱斯梅拉达跪在圣母院门前执行忏悔仪式之后，故事情节是如何发展的?请作简要介绍。 答：卡西莫多把爱斯梅拉达救了出来，藏在巴黎圣母院内，弗罗洛趁机威胁爱斯梅拉达姑娘，遭到拒绝后，把她交给了国王的军队，无辜的姑娘被绞死了。卡西莫多愤怒地把弗罗洛推下教堂摔死，他拥抱着爱斯梅拉达的尸体也死去了。
3、简述《巴黎圣母院》中一个令你震撼的场面。
答：弗罗洛站在圣母院的顶楼上，看到爱斯梅拉达被吊上绞架，发出了得意的狂笑。卡西莫多终于认清了弗罗洛的狰狞面目，猛扑过去，把他从顶楼上推下来摔死，自己则来到刑场上，抱着爱斯梅拉达的尸体遁入了墓地。几年后，人们发现了他们拥抱在一起的遗骸。
二、作品评析 《巴黎圣母院》最集中最典型地反映了雨果的浪漫主义文艺观。其鲜明的浪漫主义特色表现在：
1.离奇的情节
这部小说情节曲折离奇，富有戏剧性，充满了现实生活中不可能有的巧合，夸张和怪诞。如：“奇迹王朝”对诗人奇特的审判;卡西莫多的劫法场，抵御千军万马的进攻;母女重逢;卡西莫多的尸骨一被分开就化为灰尘等。这些曲折多变，但在本质上又是真实的情节，大大加强了小说的戏剧性，从而增强了小说的感染力。 2.非凡的人物
小说的人物是浪漫主义的典型人物：爱斯梅拉达的美貌和人格力量是非凡的：卡西莫多的非凡则表现在他可怕的外貌，奇特的举动，巨人般的体力，以及对爱斯梅拉达高尚而充满自我牺牲的爱情及表达方式;弗罗洛的禁欲和纵欲的矛盾等。这些人物的特点，表现了雨果独具的浪漫主义特征，即追求夸张，想象而不求细节的真实，不求酷似现实。 3.强烈的对比
作为一种美学理想，对比原则是雨果浪漫主义最重要的特征，贯穿着小说的始终。
首先是巴黎城市和圣母院和谐美丽的自然环境与人民阴暗不幸的生活构成鲜明对比，这样更突出暴露了封建暴政的黑暗。
其次是草菅人命，任意诬陷的封建王朝与尊重人权，公正廉明的“奇迹王朝”的对比;
最主要的是人物形象的对比：正面与反面人物的对比--爱斯梅拉达和卡西莫多是善良，真诚和美好的人性的代表，弗罗洛、弗比斯则是自私、冷酷和丑恶的人性的代表、善与恶十分鲜明地分别体现在这两组人物身上，产生强烈的对照。还有正面与正面，反面与反面人物之间的对比以及人物自身对比，如卡西莫多外貌与心灵的对比等。对比原则的运用使得小说的情节和人物显得更奇特，主题更鲜明，突出。
此外，作者以浓烈的色彩描绘了中世纪特征鲜明而绚丽的城市图景，给读者展现了一个充满绚烂和奇特声响的世界。
这些描写都极强地增加了小说的浪漫主义色彩。
必修
一、必修二名句默写 题组练习
姓名：自测分：(满分2×50=100)
题组
(一)补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。
1、反是不思，__________ 。(《诗经·氓》)
2、，何枝可依?(《短歌行》)
3、，池鱼思故渊。(《归园田居》)
4、或取诸怀抱，;或因寄所托，__________。(《兰亭集序》)
5、，，，，固一世之雄也。(《赤壁赋》)
6、尽吾志也而不能至者，可以无悔矣，?(《游褒禅山记》)
7、对酒当歌，_______________?譬如朝露，_______________。(曹操《短歌行》)
8、，子无良媒，，秋以为期。(《诗经·氓》)
9、，长路漫浩浩。(《古诗十九首·涉江采芙蓉》)
10、月明星稀，。(曹操《短歌行》)
题组
(二)补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。
1、三岁为妇，靡室劳矣。，。(《诗经·氓》)
2、白露横江，水光接天。，凌万顷之茫然 。(《赤壁赋》)
3、惟江上之清风，与山间之明月，，目遇之而成色 ，取之无禁，用之不竭，，而吾与子所共适。(《赤壁赋》)
4、看万山红遍，，漫江碧透，，鹰击长空，，。(《沁园春·长沙》)
5、盖将自其变者而观之，则天地曾不能一瞬;，，?(《赤壁赋》)
6、此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹，，，引以为流觞曲水，列坐其次。(王羲之《兰亭集序》)
7、虽无丝竹管弦之盛，，。(王羲之《兰亭集序》)
8、固知一死生为虚诞，。(王羲之《兰亭集序》)
9、寄蜉蝣于天地，。(《赤壁赋》)
10、，悠悠我心。(曹操《短歌行》)
题组
(三)补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。
1、逝者如斯，而未尝往也; ______________，而卒莫消长也。(《赤壁赋》)
2、昔我往矣，，今我来思，雨雪霏霏。(《诗经·采薇》)
3、在雨的哀曲里，，，消散了，甚至她的太息般的眼光，丁香般的惆怅。(《雨巷》)
4、暧暧远人村，___________。(《归园田居》)
5、山不厌高，。 _____________ ，天下归心。(曹操《短歌行》)
6、有志与力，而又不随以怠，，亦不能至也。(《游褒禅山记》)
7、桑之未落，其叶沃若。______________，____________。(《诗经·氓》)
8、长太息以掩涕兮，_______________。(《离骚》)
9、方宅十余亩，草屋八九间。，。(陶渊明《归园田居》
10、，体无咎言。，。(《诗经•卫风•氓》)题组
(四)补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。
1、狗吠深巷中，。户庭无尘杂，。 (《归园田居》)
2、况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上，，，举匏樽以相属。(《赤壁赋》)
3、夫夷以近，;，。(《游褒禅山记》)
4、浩浩乎如冯虚御风，;，。(《赤壁赋》)
5、《氓》中“，”两句，用桑叶的枯黄衰败来比喻女子人老色衰的情状。
6、携来百侣曾游，。(《沁园春·长沙》)
7、，。误落尘网中，一去三十年。(《归园田居(其一)》)
8、桂棹兮兰桨，。，。(《赤壁赋》)
9、古人之观于天地、山川、草木、虫鱼、鸟兽，往往有得，。(《游褒禅山记》)
10、“，壮士一去兮不复还!”， 士皆瞋目，发尽上指冠。(《荆轲刺秦王》) 题组
(五)补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。
1、自我徂尔，三岁食贫。，。，。 (《诗经·氓》)
2、淇则有岸，隰则有泮。，。，。 (《诗经·氓》)
3、呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。，。(曹操《短歌行》)
4、高渐离击筑，，，。(《荆轲刺秦王》)
5、犹不能不以之兴怀，，。(王羲之《兰亭集序》)
6、其声呜呜然，，，，不绝如缕。(《赤壁赋》)
7、举酒属客，，。(《赤壁赋》)
8、然力足以至焉，，;(《游褒禅山记》)
9、明明如月，，，不可断绝。(曹操《短歌行》)
10、，依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中，。(《归园田居(其一)》)
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