2014年6月四级翻译真题汇总
【原文】1
为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。【参考译文】1.
In order to make education more equitable, China has invested 36 billion to improve educational facilities in rural areas and strengthen the rural compulsory education in the central and western regions of China. The fund has been used to improve teaching facilities and buying books. 160 thousands primary and secondary schools have benefited from it. The fund has also been used to purchase music and painting equipments. So nowadays, children in rural and mountainous areas can also have music and painting lessons as children in coastal cities. The children once transferred to city schools in order to receive better education now come back to the local rural school again.【参考译文】2.
In order to promote the equality of education, China has invested 36 billion yuan for the improvement of the educational facilities in rural areas and the enhancement of the rural compulsory education in the mid west. The fund is used to modify teaching facilities and to purchase books, benefiting more than 160 thousand primary schools and middle schools. Meanwhile, the fund is used to supplement musical instruments and painting supplies. Nowadays, like the children in coastal cities, those living in rural and mountain areas also have music and painting lessons. As a result, some students, once transferring to other cities for better education, come back to local schools now.
【参考译文】3.In order to promote the justice in education, China has already invested 36 billion RMB, which is used to enhance the teaching facilities of the countryside and compulsory education of rural area of mid-west. These funds can be used to improve the teaching aids and to purchase books, benefiting 16,000 middle schools and primary schools. Furthermore, these funds can also be used to purchase instrument for music and paintings. Nowadays, children from countryside and mountain areas can enjoy music class and painting class like the children in coastal areas do. Some students who were previously transferred to cities for better education now return to local areas to study。
【点评】
这篇英语四级翻译需要大家特别注意的是文中的两个数字，数字在汉译英的过程中是相当重要的，如果考生在英语四级翻译数字时出现错误，会很容易失分。
【原文】
2中国应该进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电数的2%。该比例在所有核电国家中居第30位，几乎是最低的。
2011年3月日本人核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核电安全检查。到2012年10月，审批才又谨慎的恢复。随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降到最低程度。换句话说，核能是可以安全开发和利用的。 【参考译文】1.
China should further develop nuclear energy because nuclear power accounts for only 2% of its total generating capacity currently. Such proportion ranks the thirtieth in all the countries possessing nuclear power, which is almost the last.After Japan’s nuclear power accident in March 2011, nuclear power development in China was suspended, so was the approval of new nuclear power plants. Also, the national safety check for the nuclear power was carried out. IT was not until October 2012 that the approval was prudently resumed.
With the improvement of technology and safety measures, there is little
possibility for nuclear accidents to happen. In other words, there won’t be any trouble to develop and exploit the nuclear power.
【参考译文】2.
China should furtherdevelop nuclear energy, because nuclear power currently accounts for only 2% ofthe total generating capacity. The proportion is in 30th among allnuclear-capable countries, which almost the lowest。
In March 2011,after the accident of Japanese nuclear power station, China stopped its nuclearenergy development, with approvals for new nuclear power plants suspended, andnational nuclear safety inspection carried out. Examine and Approval has beenrestored carefully by October, 2012.
With the improvement oftechnology and safety measures, the possibility of nuclear accidents can bedropped to a minimum extent. In other words, the nuclear energy can beexploited and utilized safely。
【四级翻译原文】
3中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全国读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学
[微博]生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。
2012年6月 《孙子兵法》(The Art of War)是中国古代最重要的一部军事著作之一，是我国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分。孙子(Sun Tzu)，即该书的作者，在书中揭示的一系列具有普遍意义的军事规律，不仅受到军事家门的推崇，还在经济领域、领导艺术、人生追求甚至家庭关系等诸多方面，具有广泛的指导作用。《孙子兵法》中的许多名言警句(epigram)，富有哲理，意义深远，在国内外广为流传。如今，《孙子兵法》已被翻译成多种语言，在世界军事史上也具有重要的地位。
The Art of War is one of the most important ancient Chinese military literary works, and serves as an important part of outstanding traditional culture in China. Sun Tzu, the author of the book, revealed a series of universal military laws which are not only valued by militarists but also play an extensive guiding role in several fields such as economy, art of leadership, the pursuit of life and even family relationship. There are a lot of famous saying and epigrams in The Art of War that are rich in wisdom and have profound meanings and are thus widely circulated both at home and abroad. Nowadays The Art of War has been translated into many languages and it also plays an important role in the military history of the world. 2012年12月 京剧
京剧(Peking Opera)已有200多年的历史，是中国的国剧。与其他地方戏相比，京剧享有更高的荣誉，但其实京剧融合了多种地方戏的元素。京剧演员的脸谱(facial make-up)和戏服都很精美，相比之下舞台布景则十分简单。表演者主要应用四种技能：唱、念、做、打。京剧较擅长于表现历史题材的政治、军事斗争，故事大多取自于历史演义和小说话本(historic and fictional stories)。在古代，京剧大多是在户外演出的，因此演员们形成了一种有穿透力的唱腔，以便每个人都能听到。
Peking Opera, as the national opera of China, has a history of more than 200 years. Compared with other Chinese local operas,Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation; but actually it absorbed many elements of other local operas. The facial make-up and costumers of the performs are very delicate; by contrast, the backdrops are quiet plain. During performance, the performers mainly utilize four skills: song, speech, dance, and combat. Peking Opera is better at performing political and military struggle with historic and the performed stories are mainly from historic and fictional stories. In ancient times, Peking Opera, was mostly performed in the open air, so the performers developed a piercing style of song that could be heard by everyone.
2013年6月
中国卫生监督部门决定在未来三到五年之内建立一个全国性的网络，用以监测空气污染对人类健康的影响。这一目标于国家卫生和计划生育委员会(National Health and Family Planning Commission )针对空气污染的一份工作文件中披露，根据这份文件，该网络将搜集不同地区空气中的PM2.5数据和主要空气污染物浓度变化的数据。这将为分析和评估空气污染对健康的影响提供数据支持。这一文件提到，缺乏长期而系统的监测使国家无法揭示空气污染和人类健康之间的联系。
China’s health watchdog has decided to set up a national network to monitor the impact air pollution on human’s health within the coming three to five years. The goal was revealed in a work document on air pollution released by National Health and Family Planning Commission. According to the document, the network will gather data on PM2.5 in the air in different regions and the density changes of main air pollutants. That will provide data support for the analysis and evaluation of the impact of air pollution on health. The document noted that lack of long-term and systematic monitoring prevented the country from uncovering the link between air pollution and human’s health. 2013年12月第一套
中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收。这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似。过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。中秋节在农历八月十五，是人门拜月的节日。这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节贝类为中国文化遗产，2008年又被定位公共假日。月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食。人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿(longevity)”、“福”或“和”等字样。
Since ancient times, Chinese people have celebrated their harvest during mid-autumn, which is quite similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving Day in North America. The custom of celebrating Mid-Autumn Festival started gaining its popularity in the early Tang Dynasty around China. The Mid-Autumn Festival ,celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, is a festival for Chinese people to worship the moon. During the night of the day when the bright moon is shining in the sky, there will be family reunions and family members will enjoy the bight moon together. In 2006, the Mid-Autumn Festival was listed as a Chinese cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was designated as a public holiday. The moon cake is seen as the indispensable fine food for the Mid-Autumn Festival. People send moon cakes as gifts to their relatives and friends or they eat moon cakes at family gatherings. Traditional moon cakes are imprinted with Chinese characters conveying such meanings as “longevity”, 3 2013年12月第三套
闻名于世界的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸6000多公里，得名于中国古代的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要的作用。正式通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术这四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器(porcelain)也传遍全球。物质文化的交流是双向的，欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需求。
The word-famous Silk Road refers to a series of routes that connect the East and the West. The Silk Road extends for over 6,000 kilometers and derived its name from ancient China’s silk trade. The trades that occurred on the Silk Road played an important role in the development process of the civilization of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It is by way of the Silk Road that China’s four great inventions, namely paper-making, powder, compass and printing technology, were introduced to all over the word. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain also spread to the whole word. Material and cultural exchanges are two-ways, for Europe also satisfied the demands of Chinese market by exporting various commodities and plants to China through the Silk Road.
2013年12月第二套 中国园林(the Chinese garden)是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观(landscape)。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山(rock-work)、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷(scroll)一般展现在面前。
The Chinese garden is a unique landscape in virtue of evolution of more than three thousand years. It includes not only the large gardens built by the royal family for enjoyment, but also the private ones built by scholars, businessmen and former government officials for getting rid of the hustle and bustle of the outside world. These gardens constitute a kind of miniaturized landscape which aims at displaying the due harmonious relationship between human and nature. Typical Chinese gardens are surrounded by walls. In the gardens there are ponds, rock-works, trees, flowers and plants, and various architectures that are connected by winding paths or corridors. When rambling in the gardens, people can enjoy a series of elaborately designed landscapes which are presented in front of them like a landscape painting scroll
2002年英译汉试题
(31) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.
(32)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.
(33)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.
(34)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.
(35) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
2003年英译汉试题
(36)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
(37)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
(38)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
(39)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”
(40)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture," like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
2004年英译汉试题
(41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
(42) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
(43) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.1
(44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society.
(45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
2005年英译汉试题
(46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.
(47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.
(48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
(49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice
(50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”
2006年英译汉试题
(51) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
(52) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
(53) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
(54) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
(55) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
2007年英译汉试题
(56) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
(57) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
(58) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
(59) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
(60) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
2008年英译汉试题
(61) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.
(62) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
(63) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.
(64) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”
(65) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
2009年英译汉试题
(66) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.
(67) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
(68) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.
(69) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.
(70) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,
a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.
2010年英译汉试题
(71)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.
(72)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
(73)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species.
(74)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such ,within reason.
(75)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.
2011年英译汉试题
(76) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature
(77) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”
(78) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
(79)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .
(80) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.
46. yet, when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes onethat, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various otherfundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression。
【参考译文】然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求
47. A sacred placeof peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed toshelter, which is a distinctly animal need。
【参考译文】无论地方多么简陋不堪，寻求一片静谧圣土是人类特有的需求，而动物需要的仅是仅是避难栖息之地。
48. The gardens ofthe homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urbanenvironment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such。
【参考译文】无家可归者的乐园，实际上是一个毫无家气息的地方，给城市环境带来了一种新的形式。。
无家可归者描绘的花园实质上是无所依附的，这些花园把一种形式引入城市环境中，而这样的城市环境中，形式要么根本不存在， 要么就完全不是以这种明显的方式存在。
49. most of usgive in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychologicalconditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppressionvanish as if by magic。
【参考译文】我们大多数人会深陷于精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消
50. It is thisimplicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of theword garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these syntheticconstructions。
【参考译文】正是对自然的这种或隐晦含蓄或清晰直白的提及，充分证实了用“花园”一词来描述这些虚拟建筑是合乎情理的，即使是从毫无拘泥的意义来讲的。
http:///kaoyan/ 考研英语(二)真题翻译参考答案
来源：文都教育
2018考研英语(二)已经顺利结束，不知道大家考的怎么样，文都教育在这里给大家总结了考研英语(二)的翻译答案，希望对你们有帮助。
【题目】
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.
That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.
【译文】
http:///kaoyan/ 一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。他在“宇航员”那里画了线，但是又很快加上了“科学家”。他相信，如果他读的书够多，就可以任意选择他所喜欢的职业。所以他读了从百科全书到科幻小说非常多的书。他对于读书太过于痴迷以至于他的父母不得不制定了在餐桌上“禁止读书政策”。
这个男孩就是比尔盖茨，他至今都没有停止过阅读，即使已经成为世上最成功的人士之一。如今，他不仅阅读科幻作品和百科丛书：他最近透漏自己一年至少阅读50本非小说书籍，因为这些书揭秘了世界的运转方式。比尔盖茨说：“每一本书都开辟了探索知识的新路径”。
以上就是文都教育给大家总结的2018考研英语(二)的翻译答案，相对来说还是不难的，所以希望大家都能取得好成绩。
2013考研英语
(一)翻译真题及解析--中域教育网
46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.解析
考察重点：非谓语动词做后置定语，状语从句，插入语
这个句子结构非常清晰：it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles,
these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.是主句，其中for all their diversity of styles是插入语。 时间壮语从句yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless,提前至主句之前，其中created by the homeless 是过去分词短语充当后置定语，用来修饰 the gardens。 词汇的识别：句子中的动词looks at，对应的宾语是 the photographs of the gardens,因此翻译成“观看”。句子中created by the homeless对应的宾语是 the gardens,因此翻译成“创建、建立”。句子中的动词speak of对应的宾语是 various other fundamental urges，因此翻译成“透露、显示、表明”。
参考翻译：然而当我们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的家园的照片时，它们的那些各种各样的风格，会给人以深深的震撼。这些家园在它的装饰和创造性表示之上，透露出了其他基本的需求。
评分标准：三个动词 “look at, created by the homeless和speak of”的翻译各占0.5分，目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。
47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need. 解析
考察重点：让步壮语从句，插入语，比较状语从句
这个句子结构简洁：A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need,是主句，其中, however crude it may be,是让步壮语从句充当插入语; as opposed to shelter which is a distinctly animal need.是比较状语从句。
词汇的识别：句子中的三个系词在表与信息的提示之下分别翻译成为“是人类的基本需求”;“无论多么粗糙(贫瘠)”;“是动物的基本需求”。
参考翻译：一块神圣的和平之地，不管它有多么粗糙，它都是一种人类基本的需求，和庇护所相反，那只是动物的基本需求。
评分标准：三个系词的翻译各占0.5分，目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。
48. The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such
解析：
考察重点：定语从句
这个句子结构简洁： The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from it to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such是主句，其中 which are in effect homeless garden 是定语从句修饰 The gardens of the homeless; 定语从句where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such修饰先行词 an urban environment。
参考翻译： 无家可归的人的家园，事实上是无所谓家的家园，给要么是不存在的，要么是无法分辨得清的城市环境引入了一种形式。评分标准：动词短语“introduce from it to”、系词“are”、“didn’t exist, was not discernible”的翻译各占0.5分，目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。
49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic
解析
考察重点：时间壮语从句，定语从句
这个句子结构稍显复杂：Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions 是主句，其中, which we usually blame on some psychological conditions 是定语从句 until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.是时间状语从句。
词汇的识别：动词短语“give in”在宾语 demoralization of spirit的指导下，翻译为“屈服于”;“blame which on some psychological conditions”中的blame翻译成为“推卸到”;find发现，feel感受到。参考翻译： 我们当中大多数人都屈服于精神的道德败坏，我们经常把这种精神上的败坏推卸到心理环境上，直到有一天我们发现自己处于一个家园当中，并感受到这种压迫好像魔法一样消失.
评分标准：三组动词的翻译各占0.5分，目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。
50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
解析：
考察重点：强调句型，插入语
这个句子结构稍显复杂： It is this „„that „„是强调句型，还原成正常语序后句子表达为“this implicit or explicit reference to nature fully justifies the use of the word garden”;though in a“liberated”sense是插入语。
词汇的识别：动词“justify”在宾语 the use of word garden的指导下，翻译为“证实„是合理的”;动词“describe”在宾语“these synthetic constructions”的指导之下翻译成“描述”。
参考翻译： 正是这种隐晦或明显的涉及自然，尽管是从一种解放的意义上来说, 充分地证实了用来描述这些人造建筑的花园这个单词很贴切。
评分标准：两个动词的翻译各占0.5分，强调句型的翻译占0.5分，目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。
2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题文章翻译
Section I
Use of English 尽管没有血缘关系，但朋友之间的遗传关系与第四代表亲相同，有1%的相同基因。这是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学出版在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究所得出的结论。
这项研究是比较了多组无血缘关系的朋友和无血缘关系的陌生人，在1932个实验对象身上所做的基因组分析。同一批人用在了两组样本里。
尽管这1%的相同基因可能毫无意义，但对基因学家来说却并非如此。正如加州大学圣地亚哥分校的医学基因学教授James Fowler说的：“大多数人根本不认识他们的第四代表亲，却在冥冥之中成功选择与我们血缘相近的人作朋友。”〖HJ〗
研究还发现朋友之间还有部分相同的嗅觉基因但免疫基因是不同的。目前为止，嗅觉基因为何存在相似性很难解释。或许，正如研究团队说的那样，相似之处把我们吸引到一个相似的环境中，而在相似的环境中有更多相似点。有很多机制共同作用促使我们选择有着相同基因的人做朋友，而不是以“功能性亲属关系”选择能带来利益的人做朋友。
研究值得一提的一项发现是相似基因似乎比其他基因进化的要快。研究这项发现有助于理解为何人类在过去的30000年进化速度在加快，社会环境是主要的促进因素。
研究者说这些发现不仅仅解释了人类与具有相似种族背景的人做朋友的趋势。尽管所有研究对象都是从有欧洲血统的人中挑选，但还是要保证所有实验对象，包括朋友和陌生人都是从相同的人群中选出。
Section II
Reading Comprehension Part A
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1 西班牙国王胡安·卡洛斯曾说“国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中”。但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安·卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路?是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改?
西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。这时公众意见呈现出两极分化，弗朗哥政权结束后，君主可能超越单纯的政治，成为国家统一的精神象征。
正是这次明显的超越对君主作为国家元首继续流行做出了解释。正因如此，除中东外，欧洲是世界上君主制最盛行的地区，有10位国王(梵蒂冈和安道尔不算在内)。但是，与海湾地区和亚洲的专制国家不同，欧洲皇室能够留存下来，是因为他们让选民免于苦心孤诣地寻找一个没有争议且受尊崇的公众人物。
即使如此，毋庸置疑君主还是在衰落。即使他们声称自己是国家
统一的象征，但他们的历史和今日的行为方式都代表着他们享有的特权和他们身上体现出的不公平已经过时，且站不住脚。Thomas Piketty和另外几位经济学家曾指出，皇室享有的特殊待遇和财富继承权在增强，富裕贵族仍然是现代民主国家象征意义上的核心，真是荒唐。
最成功的君主都努力放弃或掩饰其老旧而奢华的生活方式。王子公主白天上班，他们骑自行车出行，而不是骑马(或乘直升机)。即便如此，他们还是世界上只占1%的富裕家族，媒体介入也使维持良好形象愈加困难。
尽管欧洲君主们够识时务可以再留存一段时间，但英国皇室还是因为西班牙的事例而倍感忧心。
只有女王还保留着君主的名分，过着普通而守旧的生活。Charles奢侈的生活品味和他所奉行的等级森严的世界观将让他陷入危险的境地。他不明白君主之所以保存下来是因为他们是没有争议的非政治性的国家元首。Charles应该知道，英国历史也证明了这一点，君主制最大的敌人是国王自己，而非共和党人。
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2 宪法能在多大程度保护个人的电子数据?最高法院正在考虑在实施逮捕时在手机就在旁边的情况下，若无搜查令，警察是否有权查看手机内容。
加利福尼亚州要求法官克制笼统的裁决，尤其是会推翻由来已久的一项假设的裁决，该假设是：当局在实施逮捕时可以搜查嫌疑犯的
财物。加利福尼亚州称，法官很难评估快速发展的新科技可能带来的影响。
法院若采纳了加州的建议就谦逊过头了。可能带来的影响都在预料之中甚至显而易见，法官可以也应该为警察、律师和被告提供最新的指导方针。
他们首先应该摒弃加州那蹩脚的说辞：查看智能手机(智能手机是一个巨大的电子信息数据库)的内容就像搜查疑犯的钱包。法院已经做出裁决，警察在无搜查令的情况下搜查被捕者的钱包或皮夹不违反宪法第四修正案。但是搜查人的手机更像是闯进一个人的家里。一部智能手机里可能有被捕者的阅读历史、财政状况、医疗信息以及详细的最近通信记录。另一方面，云计算的发展使得搜查轻而易举。
美国人应该应该采取措施保护自己的数据隐私。但是在这些电子设备上保存敏感信息日益成为日常生活的需要。公民仍然有权对宪法禁止不合理搜查以保护隐私文件寄予期望。
原则并未缓和职权划定所带来的挑战的例子比比皆是。在诸多案件中，执法人员手持搜查令查看手机内容没有太大负担。当面临紧急情况时，宪法第四修正案仍然会失去效力，在等待搜查令期间执法人员可以采取合理措施保证手机内容不被删除或修改。尽管法院想赋予警察更大的空间以利于他们便宜行事。
但是法官不应该对加利福尼亚的观点偏听偏信。新的突破性技术有时需要宪法保护的灵活运用。法律教授Orin Kerr将21世纪的数码信息爆炸和易得性与20世纪作为生活必需品的移动应用的建立做了
对比：法官为车厢的个人空间制定明确的新条例;法官必须弄清该如何将第四修正案应用于当今的数码信息保护。
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3 《科学》杂志的总编今天宣布《科学》杂志在同行评阅之外又增加了一轮数据检查。数据分析中出现的基本错误导致已出版的研究发现不可用得到广泛关注后，其他杂志也做出了与《科学》同样的努力。
“读者必须对我们杂志出版的研究结论抱有信心，”McNutt在一篇社论中写道。杂志与美国统计协会合作，任命七位专家成立了一个数据校对编辑委员会。手稿先由杂志内部的编辑、或已经成立的数据校对编辑委员会或杂志社外的同行校对员标注以供进一步审查。数据校对编辑委员会将找杂志社外的统计学家审查这些手稿。
在被问及是否某一篇特殊的论文促成了这一改变时，McNutt说：“对科研领域的统计学应用和数据分析的广泛关注推动了‘数据校对编辑委员会的设立’，而且数据校对编辑委员会的设立也是全面提高所出版的论文可再生性努力的一部分。”
Giovanni Parmigiani，公共卫生哈佛研究院的生物统计学家，也是数据校对编辑委员会的成员，指出他希望委员会“能起到最基本的咨询作用”。Giovanni Parmigiani同意加入是因为他看到了委员会成立背后的前瞻性：将杂志变得与众不同、将带来持久的影响。影响到的不仅是《科学》杂志自己，而且可能影响到更多想要在《科学》杂志之后成为行业标杆的出版社。
John Ioannidis，一位主攻研究方法论的物理学家，说这一政策是“最受欢迎的进步”，“早该出台”。大多数杂志在数据审查上都很薄弱，这损害了出版物的质量。我认为，对今天的大多数杂志来说，数据审查比专家审查更重要。John Ioannidis曾指出，生物医学杂志，像《内科学年鉴》、《美国医学会杂志》和《柳叶刀》，都对数据审查给予了高度关注。
细胞生物学家David Vaux说，人们认为专家知道如何分析数据，但是数据错误在已出版研究中比比皆是。他在2012年的一篇文章中写到，研究者应该提高专业水准，但杂志也应该采取严格的标准，“相关校对人员要学过统计学、编辑也要能作数据核实”。David Vaux指出，《科学》将论文交付统计学家审查的想法有其可取之处，但是弊端是它依靠委员会的审查编辑先找出需要检查的稿件。
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4 两年前，Rupert Murdoch之女Elisabeth曾说“很多机构有令人不安的正直缺失”。她认为由于大众一致认为唯一的分类机制是利益和市场，所以正直早已崩溃。但是“正是我们人类自己创造了我们想要的社会，而非利益”。
为了论证其观点，她还说：“日益明显的一件事是，政府、媒体和企业内部使命感和道德诉求的缺失对于资本主义和自由来说或许已成为最危险的目标。”她认为，道德使命感的缺失也在伤害新闻国际集团这样的公司，新闻国际集团更可能在遭遇大规模的非法电话窃
听时迷失。
窃听审判案结束了——发现《世界新闻报》的前任编辑Andy Coulson犯有合谋窃听电话罪，Andy Coulson的上一任编辑则是清白的——更为广泛的正直缺失问题却仍然存在。据悉，已有5500多人的手机遭记者窃听。Glenn Mulcaire是2001年《世界新闻报》雇佣的员工，是手机窃听的焦点人物。他指出，窃听已经成为一种行业。事态将继续恶化。
很多方面，道德使命感的缺失导致了这样大规模的手机入侵，而且还导致了对审判的讨论。令人震惊的是Rebekah Brooks对发生在她新闻工作室里的事几乎一无所知，她以为几乎不用过问，她也从未询问过新闻来源。辩护成功的核心在于她一无所知。
当今社会，高薪总监不该对发生在他经营的公司的事情负责已是正常现象。或许我们不该太惊讶。这一代人普遍接受的信条是社会的分类机制应该是利益。效率、灵活性、股东价值、友好交易、富二代、销售量、影响和报纸发行量这些东西才是有价值的。而公平、公正、宽容、合理和责任这些词语已经退到一边。
编写《世界新闻报》的目的不是促进读者理解、不是在采写的新闻里体现公平、也不是揭示人性。而是摧毁对发行量和影响力的追求。Brooks女士对记者获得新闻的手段可能有也可能没有怀疑，但是她从未过问、没有给出过指示——也没有收到有迹可循的回答。
Part
B
你如何进行阅读?很明显，你试着理解，理解每个单词的意思，利用自己已有的英语语法知识找出单词之间的关系。(41)【C】如果对单词或俗语不熟，你可以利用上下文提供的线索猜测它们的意思。先假设它们之间有相关性，再在心里记录语篇实体和单词俗语之间可能的联系。你开始推测文章的语境，例如，确定文章是什么演讲稿：谁发表的演讲、对谁发表演讲、发表演讲的时间、地点。
这里提到的阅读方式毫无疑问就是理解。但是他们表示理解不仅包括被动吸收还包括积极的推测和问题解决。作者通过提供的特殊证据和线索引导你理解和推测信息。(42)【E】你做出进一步的推测，例如推测文章对你的重要性，或推测文章的可信性。这些推测是个人反应，作者不会对这些反应负责。
这样看来，理解因人而异。我们讨论的不是确凿、固定或真空的，可以被我们读完之后可以检查其准确性的或者与世界有着永恒联系的文章意义的解读。(43)【G】而在于，我们以称之为文本和语境的材料为基础，基于文章理解意义，这些文本和语境材料包括：我们看作是文章基本结构(尤其是其语言结构)的各种组织和模式，以及我们带进文本的各种背景、社会知识、信仰和态度。
这些背景材料折射的就是我们自己。(44)【B】像地点、阅读的时间长度、性别、种族、年龄和社会阶级这些因素都会引导我们进行特定的解读，同时也可能是晦涩甚至是偏题的其他理解。然而，这不
会使解读单纯具有相关性或空洞无物。确切的说，因为来自不同历史背景、不同地方、有着不同社会经验的人会对同一页上同样的单词(包括涉及到人类基本关注点的文章)产生截然不同却也有所重合的阅读见解，关于文章的争论在信念和价值观的讨论中发挥着重要作用。
我们如何阅读一篇既定的文章一定程度上取决于我们特定的阅读兴趣。(45)【A】你学习那篇文章是否是为了达到既定课程的要求?阅读只为愉悦吗?浏览只为获取信息吗?火车上或躺在床上的阅读方式可能与在研讨室的阅读大相径庭。这种多维度的阅读表明——正如其他人后来在书中介绍的那样——我们将日常习惯潜移默化地带进了阅读中。没有哪种阅读更充实、更高明、比他人的更有价值。理论上，不同的阅读方式会启发彼此，成为彼此有用的参考和补充。总之，他们是你整个学习生涯的一部分，也构建了你与周围文本环境的关系。
其他选项翻译：
【D】事实上，你试着重新构建任何既定的句子、图片或参考可能含有的意义或效果：这些可能正是作者意欲表达的。
【F】在戏剧、小说或叙述诗中，人物是作者创造出来的，而不一定是作者自己思想的代言人。
Part
C 从十七世纪到十八世纪初这一百年的时间里，移民浪潮(史上最大规模的人类迁徙之一)席卷了欧美两州。(46)在各种强大动机的推动下,这场迁移从荒野中造就了一个民族,并循其本质塑造了一片全新大陆的特点,决定了它的命运。
(47)合众国是两股主要力量作用的产物,一是具有不同思想、风俗和民族特点的欧洲各民族的迁入,二是一个新国家因改变了这些特征而产生的影响。美洲殖民地不可避免地成为欧洲的目标。英国人、法国人、德国人、苏格兰人、爱尔兰人、荷兰人、瑞士人还有其他试图将其习惯和传统移植到新大陆的外国人跨越大西洋。(48)但美洲特有地理条件的作用,不同族群间的相互影响,加上在一片蛮荒新大陆上维持旧大陆方式的巨大困难,所有这一切引起了意义深远的变化。这些改变是循序渐进的，并且刚开始时并不明显。尽管在很多方面与欧洲类似，但却是全新的社会模式，具有明显的美洲特点。
(49)在十
五、十六世纪的北美大陆探险过去一百多年后,首批满载移民驶向今天合众国这片疆土的船只横穿过了大西洋。与此同时，繁荣的西班牙殖民地在墨西哥、西印度和南美洲建立起来。这些旅行家乘坐小而极度拥挤的船来到北美洲。在这六到十二周的航程中，他们依靠勉强够维持生命的食物存活下来。很多船只在风暴中迷失，很多乘客死于疾病，新生儿不可能在旅途中存活下来。有时风暴将船吹离航线，休整导致令人难以忍受的停航。
对于焦虑的的移民来说，出现在视野中的美洲海岸线所带来的轻
松感真是难以言喻。一个移民事件的记录者说，“距离海岸线12里格远的空气像繁花盛开的花园一样香甜。”殖民者最先看到的是新大陆茂密的森林。(50)郁郁葱葱、树种繁多的原始森林是一座从缅因一直向南绵延到佐治亚的天然宝库。这儿有丰富的化石燃料和木材。这是房屋、家具、船只和肥料、染料和海洋资源的宝库。
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