贸易公司简介 英文
Brochure of XXTrading Co.,Ltd. .
XXTrading Co.,Ltd.
BrandsAgentChannel Exploration
Exploration
------- BrandsAgent, Channel Exploration
Focuses on providing agent services of marketing, selling and purchasing on hardware, locks, water supply and drainage pipes, switches and sokets, paint and coatings, ceramic sanitary wares, stainless steel, and home appliances products
Company Profile
XXTrading Co.,Ltd., a company based in Guangxi and targeted in exploring markets of the ten ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries, is a channel-marketing-oriented type foreign trade company, which focuses on providing the agent services of marketing, selling and purchasing on hardware, locks, water supply and drainage pipes, switches and sokets, paint and coatings, ceramic sanitary wares, stainless steel, and home appliances products. Aiming at the markets of ASEAN countries, our company dedicates in providing professional marketing human resources and practical market channels for domestic famous manufactures, and building a trading information system of high efficiency and practices between China and ASEAN countries. Company registered and was founded on … with the registered capital of …..
Company holds a wide range commodity network and an excellent execution team. Cooperative partners of Company range in various industries. Founded within two months, Company was qualified as General Taxpayers Eligible, and authorized with Foreign Trade Qualification and Import and Export Trading Qualification.
XXinsists the business principles of „Customers Supreme, Services Prior, Practical and Innovative, Reciprocity and Mutual Benefit‟ and, standing with these principles, we strengthen the connection and cooperation with various industries, and in the way of closely cooperating with Chinese domestic brands and exploiting ASEAN trading markets, we provide customer and manufactures a platform for direct communicating and trading, which save costs for customers and bring larger profits for manufactures.
Closely CooperatingBuilding Trading ChannelsOriented Marketing
Business Scope
The business scope of Company covers retailing and wholesaling, importing and exporting commodities including construction materials, mineral products, hardware and metals, machinery products and equipments, light industrial products, agricultural and side products, electronic products and equipments, stationery and sporting products and equipments. The import and export trading mainly carried out in the ten ASEAN countries.
Main business goes in providing selling services on construction products, mineral products, mechanical and electrical products, and electronic and hardware products.
In addition, Company is dedicating in building up an electricity business platform of import-and-export trading for construction products, mineral products, mechanical and electrical products, and electronic and hardware products.
Hardware & Locks
Water Supply & Drainage Pipes
Switches & Sockets
Paint & Coatings
Ceramic tiles & Sanitary Wares
BrandsAgentChannel Exploration
Advantage of Cooperation
1. Geography Advantage
Guangxi locates in the border of southern China in geography location, and it stands the center of pan-Beibu Bay economic cooperation zone, Southwest economic circle and ASEAN economic circle in economy location, and it is the core zone of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, which connect domestic market and the ASEAN market thus has the location advantage of bi-direction connection between China and ASEAN and, Guangxi is the only province which owns the land connection and sea channel between China and ASEAN.
Policy Advantage
Since Free Trade Zone was founded, zero Customs duty was applied to more than 7000 commodities in China and ASEAN, and the service-trading market is substantially opened. The cancellation of tariff wall brings large business opportunities to China and ASEAN markets.
1. Resources: large amount of Real estate investment projects and construction and decoration projects are owned by affiliate companies of Group so the demands of construction material is huge; Group owns a sum of mining and refining affiliate companies, which enjoys the exceptional advantage of mining resources.
2. Social Advantage: government launched policies for supports and the agents which station in ASEAN countries are in good cooperative relationships with local governments.
3. Banks strongly support with credits
Future Development Strategy of Company
Master the development trend of modern service industry
Build a quintessential trade development mode
Optimize business and trading logistic services
Promote the interactive development between manufactures and customers Exploit ASEAN markets and even global markets
Surpass the competitions in modern trading circumstances
Human Resources Pool
Insist the human resources principle of employee oriented
Company apply the human resources management of employee oriented and build company culture actively, and as the result of which, “Team Work and Cooperation, Making Profits” has become the business performance principles of all employeesso that development of company can be healthily and sustainably moving forward.Comprehensive cultivation package for human resources
Company lays emphasis on improving management efficiency and backing up excellent human resources. Since founded, Company pay attention to recruiting, cultivating and positioning excellent human resources, and make efforts on cultivating employees with good working ethic, social activate, team-work spirits and long-term career perspective, which gradually forming a employing mechanism of qualified recruitment, right positioning, and long-term co-working.
CreditableInnovationCooperationWin-Win
公司商务贸易推荐信范本(中文/英文)
致：联合国采购司
敬启者：
得知公司拟申请成为联合国注册供应商，我们十分高兴。我们公司与公司自年以来一直有业务往来。我们对该公司的产品质量和售后服务均感到十分满意。多年来，该公司信守合同，保质保量，交货准时，我们之间的合作十分愉快。我们支持该公司积极参与联合国的采购业务。
为此，我们郑重地向贵司推荐该企业。希望贵司能审查公司的资质，早日接纳公司成为联合国注册供应商。如需进一步的资料，请随时与我们联系。我们的联系地址(公司地址和电话)。此致
敬礼!
签章：
职务：
公司名称：
年月日
——————————————————————————————————
英文：
Date
To: UN Procurement Service
Ref. Recommendation for Xxx Company to become an UN supplierTo Whom It May Concern:
It is our pleasure to learn that
company intends to apply for UN supplier.
We have been doing business with
company since
. We feel satisfied with their products and their after-sales services. We are particular happy with their quality of the products and timely delivery based on the agreements. Therefore, we strongly recommend this company to you without reservation and appreciate your help in accepting
as an UN supplier. If we can be of any further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us at
.
Sincerely Yours
(Authorized Signature)
(Company Name)
(注：要用推荐公司的办公信纸)
商检 费 commodity inspection fee
海运 费 ocean freight
集卡运费、短驳费 Drayage
订舱费 booking charge
转运费 transportation charge
污箱费 container dirtyness change
坏箱费用 container damage charge
清洁箱费 container clearance charge
分拨费 dispatch charge
报关 费 customs clearance fee
操作劳务费 labour fee or handling charge
商检 换单费 exchange fee for CIP
换单费 D/O fee
拆箱费 De-vanning charge
港杂费 port sur-charge
电放费 B/L surrender fee
冲关费 emergent declearation change 海关 查验费 customs inspection fee 提箱费 container stuffing charge 滞期费 demurrage charge 滞箱费 container detention charge 卡车运费 cartage fee
车上交货 FOT ( free on track )
电汇手续费 T/T fee
转境费/过境费 I/E bonded charge
待时费 waiting charge
仓储费 storage fee
改单费 amendment charge
拼箱 服务费 LCL service charge
动、植检疫费 animal & plant quarantine fee
移动式其重机费 mobile crane charge
进出库费 warehouse in/out charge
PRICE 价格
FOB Liner Terms FOB 班轮条款
FOB under tackle FOB吊钩下交货
FOB stowed (FOBS) 船上交货并理舱
FOB trimmed (FOBT) 船上交货并平舱
FOB stowed and trimmed (FOBST) 船上交货并理舱和平舱
CFR Liner Terms 贸易术语款
CFR Landed CFR 卸到岸上
CFR EX Tackle CFR吊钩下交货
CFR EX Ship’s Hold CFR舱底交货
Documents against acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单
Documents against payment (D/P) 付款交单
Documents against payment after sight (date) 远期付款交单
PAYMENT 支付
Draft 汇票
Draft (bill of exchange) 汇票
Trade bill 商业汇票
Banker’s draft 银行汇票
Clean bill (of exchange) 光票
Documentary bill (of exchange) 跟单汇票
Draft with (without) recourse 有(无)追索权的汇票
Sight draft 即期汇票
Time draft (usance draft) 远期汇票
To order 空白抬头
Blank endorsement 空白背书
Discount 贴现
Remittance 汇付方式
M/T (Mail transfer) 信汇
T/T (telegraphic transfer) 电汇
D/D (demand draft， remittance by bank’s demand draft) 票汇
Check (cheque) 支票
Promissory note 本票
International postal money order 国际邮政汇票
Payment 支付方式
Cash payment (cash against documents) 现付
Cash on delivery (C.O.D.) 交货付现
Cash with order (C.W.O.) 随订单付现
Deferred (delayed) payment 延付
Dishonour 拒付，退票
Payment by installments 分期支付
Open account trade (O.A.T.) 记账交易
Collection 托收
Clean collection (collection on clean bill) 光票 托收
Documentary collection (collection on documents) 跟单 托收
Documents against payment (D/P) 付款交单
D/P at sight 即期付款交单
D/P after sight 远期付款交单
D/A (Documents against acceptance) 承兑交单
L/G (letter of guarantee) 银行保证书
Payment by banker’s letter of guarantee (payment by banker’s L/G) 凭银行保证书支付
L/C (letter of credit) Payment by letter of credit (payment by L/C) 凭 信用证 支付 信用证
L/C (letter of credit) 信用证 信用证
Irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证
Revocable credit 可撤销信用证
Confirmed credit 保兑信用证
Unconfirmed credit 未加保兑信用证
Documentary credit 跟单信用证
Clean credit 光票信用证
Acceptance credit 承兑信用证
Sight credit 即期信用证
Usance (time) credit 远期信用证
Transferable credit 可转让信用证
Non-transferable credit 不可转让信用证
Divisible credit 可分刈信用证
Anticipatory credit 预支信用证
Red clause credit 红条款，预支信用证
Back to back credit 背对背信用证
Revolving credit 循环信用证
Unrevolving credit 非循环信用证
Reciprocal credit 对开信用证
Stand-by credit (commercial paper credit， guarantee credit， performance credit) 备用信用证
CONTRACT 合同
Sales contract (confirmation) 销货合同(确认书) Purchase contract(confirmation) 购货合同(确认书) Confirmation of order 订单确认书
Distributorship contract (agreement) 经销合同(协议) Sole distributorship contract (agreement) 独家经销合同(协议)
Exclusive (sole) sales contract (agreement) 包销合同(协议)
Consignment contract (agreement) 寄售合同(协议)
Agency contract (agreement) 代理合同(协议)
Time to volume 及时大量生产
Time to money 及时大量交货
FOUR CONTROL YSTEM 四大管制系统
Engineering control system 工程管制系统
Quality control system质量管理系统
Manufacturing control system生产管制系统
Management control system经营管制系统
Classification整理(sorting, organization)-seiri
Regulation整顿(arrangement, tidiness)-seiton
Cleanliness清扫(sweeping, purity)-seiso
Conservation清洁(cleaning, cleanliness)-seiktsu
Culture教养(discipline)-shitsuke
Save 节约
Safety安全
质量人员名称类
QC quality control 品质管理人员
FQC final quality control 终点质量管理人员
IPQC in process quality control 制程中的质量管理人员
OQC output quality control 最终出货质量管理人员
IQC incoming quality control 进料质量管理人员
TQC total quality control 全面质量管理
POC passage quality control 段检人员
QA quality assurance 质量保证人员
OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员
QE quality engineering 质量工程人员
质量保证类
FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查
FAA first article assurance 首件确认
CP capability index 能力指数
CPK capability process index 模具制程能力参数
SSQA standardized supplier quality audit 合格供货商质量评估
FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析
FQC运作类
AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收质量水平
S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小
ACC Accept 允收
REE Reject 拒收
CR Critical 极严重的
MAJ Major 主要的
MIN Minor 轻微的
Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 质量/可靠度/服务
P/N Part Number 料号
L/N Lot Number 批号
AOD Accept On Deviation 特采
UAI Use As It 特采
FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 首件检查报告
PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一
制程统计品管专类
SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制
SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计质量管理
GRR Gauge Reproductiveness & Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否
DIM Dimension 尺寸
DIA Diameter 直径
N Number 样品数
其它质量 术语 类
QIT Quality Improvement Team 质量改善小组
ZD Zero Defect 零缺点
QI Quality Improvement 质量改善
QP Quality Policy 目标方针
TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理
RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可
7QCTools 7 Quality Control Tools 品管七大手法
通用之件类
ECN Engineering Change Notice 工程变更通知(供货商)
ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户)
PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知
PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划
SIP Standard Inspection Procedure 制程检验标准程序
SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范
IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范
BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单
PS Package Specification 包装规范
SPEC Specification 规格
DWG Drawing 图面
系统文件类
ES Engineering Standard 工程标准
CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件
IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准
ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织
GS General Specification 一般规格
部门类
PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制
PCC Product control center 生产管制中心
PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制
MC Material Control 物料控制
DC Document Center 资料中心
QE Quality Engineering 质量工程(部)
QA Quality Assurance 质量保证(处)
QC Quality Control 质量管理(课)
PD Product Department 生产部
LAB Laboratory 实验室
IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程
R&D Research & Design 设计开发部
Test One are already represented by Messrs. Freemen & Brothers Co. Ltd. For the sale of this commodity in your district.
很遗憾，我们不能直接供应给你搪瓷器皿，因为我们成为Messrs. Freemen & Brothers有限公司在该地区的销售代理商商品。
2. Through the courtesy of our Commercial Counselors’ Office in London, we notice that you are interested in doing business with us.
承蒙我们在伦敦的的商业委员办公室的介绍，我们得知贵公司有兴趣与我们合作。请贵公司把同他们交往合作的经验告诉我们。
4. If we can be of any further help, please feel ’ inquiries always meet with our careful attention.
如果我们还可以提供更多的帮助，请务必告诉我们。客户的需求一向是我们关注的焦点。我方的BC510号销售确认书正本一式两份已航邮贵方，请收到后签退一份以便我方存档。
6. It is mutually agreed that the Certificate of Quality and Weight Export Commodity Inspection Bureau at the port of shipment shall be taken as the basis of delivery.
经双方同意，由中国进出口商品检验局核发的品质和重量检验证书应当作为在装运港交货的依据。
7. The sellers shall not be held liable for failure or delay in delivery of the entire lot or portion of 本确认书所述全部或部分商品，若因人力不可抗拒的原因，以致不能履约或延迟交货，售方概不负责。
8. All disputes in connection with this Contract or arising in the execution thereof shall be settled amicably by negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached, the case under dispute may then be submitted for arbitration. The arbitration shall take place in the plaintiff’s or defendant’s country. The fees for arbitration shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded.
凡因执行本合同或与本合同有关事项所发生的一切争执，应通过友好的方式协商解决。如果协商不能解决争执，可提交仲裁。仲裁应在原告或被告的国家进行。如果没有另行规定仲裁费应由败诉方负担。
9. As we are now only at the get-acquainted stage, we deem it rather to take into consideration the matter of sole agency. In our opinion, it would be better for both of us to try out a period of cooperation to see how things prove. Also, it would be necessary for you to test the
由于我们尚处初识阶段，我方认为让贵方作为我方独家代理的建议为时过早。在我们看来，我们最好先试行合作一段时间看看。同时，也有必要让贵公司就我公司产品作市场调查，并继续努力扩大现有的营业额，来证明贵方担任独家代理的能力。
Test Two 1. We avail ourselves of this opportunity to approach you for the establishment of trade relations with you.
我们(希望)借此机会与贵公司建立贸易往来关系。
2. (同Test One 题目1) already represented by Messrs. Freemen & Brothers Co. Ltd. For the sale of this commodity in your district.
很遗憾，我们不能直接供应给你搪瓷器皿，因为我们成为Messrs. Freemen & Brothers有限公司在该地区的销售代理商商品。
3. We have your letter of 23rd April and take in making you the following offer subject to your reply reaching us by the end of this month.
我们已经收到您4月23日发出的信件，并特意作出如下报价，贵方可在本月内进行还盘。
4. It is understood that a letter of credit in our immediately. We wish to point out that stipulations in the relative L/C must strictly conform to the we will effect shipment without delay on receipt of your letter of credit.
相信贵方会立即开出以我方为受益人有关上述鞋子的信用证。我们想要指出的是，为了避免随后的修改，有关信用证上的规定必须严格遵从我们的销售确认书。贵方可以放心，收到贵方的信用证后，我方将立即装运货物。
5. We have duly received your Sales Contract No.5630 50 tons walnutmeat we have booked with you. Enclosed please find(随函附上) the duplicate with our counter-signature. 我们如期收到了贵方关于我方向贵方订购的50吨核桃仁的第5630号销售合同。随函附上我方连署签名的复件。
6. These 5000 pieces of Cowhides are to be packed in two lots, 2000 and 3000 and shipped on separate Bills of Lading as they are intended for two defferent customers.
这5000张牛皮将分两批装运，一批2000张另一批3000张装上单独的订单并分开装运给两位不同的客户。
7. Insurance: To be covered by the Sellers for 110% of invoice value against All Risks and War Risk as per the relevant Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China. If other coverage or an additional insurance amount is required, the Buyers shall have the
保险：由卖方依海洋运输货物保险条款，按发票金额的110%向中国人民保险公司投保全险和战争险。买方如要求增加保额或保险范围，买方须于货物装船前经卖家同意，并自行承担因此增加的费用。
8. Any claim by the Buyers on the goods shipped shall be filed within 30 days after arrival of the goods at port of destination and by a survey report(货物检验报告) issued by a surveyor approved by the Sellers. Claim in respect of matters within the responsibility of the insurance company or of the shipping company will not be considered or entertained by the Sellers.
买方对装运的货物提出的任何索赔，必须是在货物到达目的港30日内，并有经由卖方认可的检验员提供的货物检验报告作为依据。在保险公司或船运公司责任内的索赔方面的问题，将不被卖家考虑或接受。
made of paperboard includes special attention in handling and storage. Thus shirts packed in such cartons are not so susceptible damage by moisture as those packed in wooden cases.
这些纸箱内衬塑料布，防潮效果很好。由于它们是纸板制成的，需要在搬运装卸和贮藏保管时特别注意。因此，用这种纸箱包装的衬衫不会像木箱容易受潮而导致货物破损。
10. The Agency Agreement has been drawn up for a of one year, automatically renewable on expiration for a similar period unless a written notice is given to the contary.
此代理协议有效期为一年，除非一方给予另一方书面通知，期满后将自动续签相似时间(一年)。
Test Three
1. To give you a general of the various kinds of textiles now available for export, we are enclosing herewith a catalogue and a price list for your examination.
为了给你提供可出口的不同种类纺织品的产品信息，我们随函附上了一份产品目录和价格清单供你们参考。
2. Your communication of the 28th May passed on to us for attention and reply as the export of enamelware falls within the scope of our business activities.
由于瓷器的出口属于我公司业务范畴，贵方和我们上海姊妹公司在5月28日的通讯已经转交于我方处理和答复。
3. Messrs Smith & Co. have given us your name as a reference. We should be obliged if you would advise us whether they are of good repute.
Messrs Smith & Co把贵公司作为证明人提供给了我们。如果贵方能告知我方他们名声(信誉)的好坏，我方会非常感激。
关于电线jb-1589，我很遗憾这些产品已经库存不足。一旦供应环节得到改善我们会立即回
复您。
5. Such being the case, we have to ask you to consider if you can make reduction in your price, concession.
事实既然如此我们不得不请您考虑能否降低价格，比如10%。你会认为这是值得做出让步的，因为我们的订单将价值stg50000。
at your end
如果贵方发现了更好的选择，请联系我们。由于目前供货紧张，我方希望贵方能够尽快回复。在此期间，请贵方与我方保持联系，告知我们此事的进展。
7. The buyers shall establish the covering letter of credit before June 1,2009, which the sellers reserve the right to rescind this confirmation without further notice ,or to accept whole or 买方应在2009年6月1日前开立信用证，否则，卖方将保留在不经通知的情况下撤销该确认的权利。或是接受买家未完成的部分中的局部或全部，或者对存在的任何持续亏损提出索赔要求。
8. Should the content of Tribasic Phosphate of Lime fall below the guaranteed 72%, an allowance on the basis of 2% of the sales price for each unit shall be calculated and deducted from the purchase price fraations pro rata.Should the content of Tribasic Phosphate of Lime fall below 70%,the buyers have the right to refuse the cargo.In such case ,all the losses and expenses arising 若磷酸三钙的含量不足保证的72%，补贴将按单位售价的2%的比例从实付款中扣除。若磷酸三钙的含量低于70%，买方有权拒收货物。此种情况下造成的一切损失和费用由卖方承担，或双方就此批货物重新议价。
9. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us,the about 4 months.Under the present circumstances,this question is particularly taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interest.
在目前情况下，受紧缩的货币政策和空前高的银行利率影响，从开立信用证到买家付清款项，我方资金短缺的问题尤其严重。
10. The shipping containers we provide are of two sizes, namely 19ft.and 20ft. long and built to water they have the great advantage of being both watertight and airtight. Containers can be loaded and locked at the factory, if necessary. Pilfering is therefore impossible.
我们提供的海运集装箱有两种规格，19和20英尺长。内置负载分别为二万吨和四万吨。水密和真空密封的巨大的优势可确保货物不会因为受潮或进水而发生变质。如有必要，货物可以在工厂装载和密封，以保证不会发生失窃。
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Amanda
Gender: Female
Race: Han
Date of Birth:November7, 1991
Political Affiliation: LeagueMember
Address:Yantai in ShanDong province
Telephone: 18686678293
Hobbies: watching movies
Education:
2003—2007HaoBin middle school
2007---2010No.1 Senior School, Shandong Province
2010---2014Changchun University of Technology
Major: international economics and trade
Language:
Chinese and English (both fluent in Listening, speaking, reading and writing)
Main Courses:
Extensive Reading, Spoken English,, English Writing, Translation, advanced mathematics, international trade, basic accountancy
Awards and Scholarships:
2007The national physical orsay third prize
2010Four scholarship
Other Training:To participate in volunteer activities
Qualifications:The university English four levels of tests qualification certificate
Professional Experience:
2012working for The 8th Northeast Asia investment and trade expo
Incoterms 2010
RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF TRANSPORT
EX WORKS EXW (insert named place of delivery) Incoterms 2010 GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. It is suitable for domestic trade, while FCA is usually more appropriate for international trade. “Ex Works” means that the seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller‟s premises or at another named place (i.e., works, factory, warehouse, etc.). The seller does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle, nor does it need to clear the goods for export, where such clearance is applicable. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the agreed point, if any, at the named place of delivery. EXW represents the minimum obligation for the seller. The rule should be used with care as: a) The seller has no obligation to the buyer to load the goods, even though in practice the seller may be in a better position to do so. If the seller does load the goods, it does so at the buyer‟s risk and expense. In cases where the seller is in a better position to load the goods, FCA, which obliges the seller to do so at its own risk and expense, is usually more appropriate. b) A buyer who buys from a seller on an EXW basis for export needs to be aware that the seller has an obligation to provide only such assistance as the buyer may require to effect that export: the seller is not bound to organize the export clearance. Buyers are therefore well advised not to use EXW if they cannot directly or indirectly obtain export clearance. c) The buyer has limited obligations to provide to the seller any information regarding the export of the goods. However, the seller may need this information for, e.g., taxation or reporting purposes. A THE SELLER‟ OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, assistance in obtaining any export licence, or other official authorization necessary for the export of the goods. Where applicable, the seller must provide, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, any information in the possession of the seller that is required for the security clearance of the goods. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods by placing them at the disposal of the buyer at the agreed point, if any, at the named place of delivery, not loaded on any collecting vehicle. If no specific point has been agreed within the named place of delivery, and if there are several points available, the seller may select the point that best suits its purpose. The seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period. B THE BUYER‟ OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export and import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the export of the goods. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when A4 and A7 have been complied with. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must give the buyer any notice needed to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods. A8 Delivery document The seller has no obligation to the buyer. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must: a) pay all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4; b)pay any additional costs incurred by failing either to take delivery of the goods when they have been placed at its disposal or to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; c)pay, where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon export; and d) reimburse all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing assistance as envisaged in A2. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery within the named place, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must provide the seller with appropriate evidence of having taken delivery. A9 Checking –packaging –marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, and counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the export and/or import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, including inspection mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. Free Carrier FCA (insert named place of delivery) Incoterms 2010 GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the seller‟s premises or another named place. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the risk passes to the buyer at that point. If the parties intend to deliver the goods at the seller‟s premises, they should identify the address of those premises as the named place of delivery. If, on the other hand, the parties intend the goods to be delivered at another place, they must identify a different specific place of delivery. FCA requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. A THE SELLER‟ OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. However, if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual terms at the buyer‟s risk and expense. In either case, the seller may decline to make the contract of carriage and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the agreed point, if any, at the named place on the agreed date or within the agreed period. Delivery is completed: a) If the named place is the seller‟s premises, when the goods have been loaded on the means of transport provided by the buyer. b) In any other case, when the goods are placed at the disposal of the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer on the seller‟s means of transport ready for unloading.
If no specific point has been notified by the buyer under B7 d) within the named place of delivery, and if there are several points available, the seller may select the point that best suits its purpose. B THE BUYER‟ OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named place of delivery, except when the contract of carriage is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a). b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. Unless the buyer notifies the seller otherwise, the seller may deliver the goods for carriage in such a manner as the quantity and/or nature of the goods may require. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If a) the buyer fails in accordance with B7 to notify the nomination of a carrier or another person as envisaged in A4 or to give notice; or b) the carrier or person nominated by the buyer as envisaged in A4 fails to take the goods into its charge, then, the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods: (i) from the agreed date, or in the absence of an agreed date, (ii) from the date notified by the seller under A7 within the agreed period; or, if no such date has been notified, (iii) from the expiry date of any agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 b); b) any additional costs incurred, either because: (i) the buyer fails to nominate a carrier or another person as envisaged in A4, or (ii) the carrier or person nominated by the buyer as envisaged in A4 fails to take the goods into its charge, or (iii) the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and c) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must, at the buyer‟s risk and expense, give the buyer sufficient notice either that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4 or that the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer has failed to take the goods within the time agreed. A8 Delivery document The seller must provide the buyer, at the seller‟s expense, with the usual proof that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4. The seller must provide assistance to the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, in obtaining a transport document. A9 Checking –packaging –marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer‟s request,
risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must notify the seller of a) the name of the carrier or another person nominated as envisaged in A4 within sufficient time as to enable the seller to deliver the goods in accordance with that article; b) where necessary, the selected time within the period agreed for delivery when the carrier or person nominated will take the goods; c) the mode of transport to be used by the person nominated; and d) the point of taking delivery within the named place. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided as envisaged in A8. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. CARRIAGE PAID TO CPT (insert named place of destination) Incoterms 2010 GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Carriage Paid To” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties) and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination. When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination. This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible in the contract both the place of delivery, where the risk passes to the buyer, and the named place of destination to which the seller must contract for the carriage. If several carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination and the parties do not agree on a specific point of delivery, the default position is that risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier at a point entirely of the seller‟s choosing and over which the buyer has no control. Should the parties wish the risk to pass at a later stage (e.g., at an ocean port or airport), they need to specify this in their contract of sale. The parties are also well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the named place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties. CPT requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. A THE SELLER‟ OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods, and for their transport through any country prior to delivery. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named place of destination or, if agreed, any point at that place. The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the seller‟s expense and provide for carriage by the usual route and in a customary manner. If a specific point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point of delivery and the point at the named place of destination that best suit its purpose. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods by handing them over to the carrier contracted in accordance with A3 on the agreed date or within the agreed period. B THE BUYER‟ OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named place of destination. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods and any charges for unloading at the place of destination that were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; and c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any country that were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must notify the buyer that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4. The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, it must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 c); b) all costs and charges relating to the goods while in transit until their arrival at the agreed place of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; c) unloading costs, unless such costs were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; d) any additional costs incurred if the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for dispatch, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country, unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for dispatching the goods and/or the named place of destination or the point of receiving the goods within that place, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. If customary or at the buyer‟s request, the seller must provide the buyer, at the seller‟s expense, with the usual transport document[s] for the transport contracted in accordance with A3. This transport document must cover the contract goods and be dated within the period agreed for shipment. If agreed or customary, the document must also enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the named place of destination and enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer or by notification to the carrier. When such a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer. A9 Checking –packaging –marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information,
including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the transport document provided as envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity with the contract. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information,
including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO CIP (insert named place of destination) Incoterms 2010 GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Carriage and Insurance Paid to” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties) and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination. The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer‟s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The buyer should note that under CIP the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum cover. Should the buyer wish to have more insurance protection, it will need either to agree as much expressly with the seller or to make its own extra insurance arrangements. When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination. This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible in the contract both the place of delivery, where the risk passes to the buyer, and the named place of destination to which the seller must contract for carriage. If several carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination and the parties do not agree on a specific point of delivery, the default position is that risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier at a point entirely of the seller‟s choosing and over which the buyer has no control. Should the parties wish the risk to pass at a later stage (e.g., at an ocean port or an airport), they need to specify this in their contract of sale. The parties are also well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the named place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties. CIP requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. A THE SELLER‟ OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods and for their transport through any country prior to delivery. B THE BUYER‟ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other Formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named place of destination or, if agreed, any point at that place. The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the seller‟s expense and provide for carriage by the usual route and in a customary manner. If a specific point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point of delivery and the point at the named place of destination that best suit its purpose. b) Contract of insurance The seller must obtain at its own expense cargo insurance complying at least with the minimum cover as provided by Clauses (C) of the Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses. The insurance shall be contracted with underwriters or an insurance company of good repute and entitle the buyer, or any other person having an insurable interest in the goods, to claim directly from the insurer. When required by the buyer, the seller shall, subject to the buyer providing any necessary information requested by the seller, provide at the buyer‟s expense any additional cover, if procurable, such as cover as provided by Clauses (A) or (B) of the Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses, and/or cover complying with the Institute War Clauses and/or Institute Strikes Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses. The insurance shall cover, at a minimum, the price provided in the contract plus 10% (i.e., 110%) and shall be in the currency of the contract. The insurance shall cover the goods from the point of delivery set out in A and A5 to at least the named place of destination. The seller must provide the buyer with the insurance policy or other evidence of insurance cover. Moreover, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs to procure any additional insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods by handing them over to the carrier contracted in accordance with A3 on the agreed date or within the agreed period. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with any information necessary for the seller to procure any additional insurance requested by the buyer as envisaged in A3 b). B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named place of destination. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods and any charges for unloading at the place of destination that were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; c) the costs of insurance resulting from A3 b); and d) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any country that were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must notify the buyer that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4. The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, it must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 d); b) all costs and charges relating to the goods while in transit until their arrival at the agreed place of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; c) unloading costs, unless such costs were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; d) any additional costs incurred if it fails to give notice in accordance with B7, from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for dispatch, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country, unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage; and f) the costs of any additional insurance procured at the buyer‟s request under A3 and B3. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for dispatching the goods and/or the named place of destination or the point of receiving the goods within that place, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. A8 Delivery document If customary or at the buyer‟s request, the seller must provide the buyer, at the seller‟s expense, with the usual transport document[s] for the transport contracted in accordance with A3. This transport document must cover the contract goods and be dated within the period agreed for shipment. If agreed or customary, the document must also enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the named place of destination and enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer or by notification to the carrier. When such a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer. A9 Checking –packaging –marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4 as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the transport document provided as envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity with the contract. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. DAT DELIVERED AT TERMINAL DAT (insert named terminal at port or place of destination) Incoterms 2010 GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Delivered at Terminal” means that the seller delivers when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal at the named port or place of destination. “Terminal” includes any place, whether covered or not, such as a quay, warehouse, container yard or road, rail or air cargo terminal. The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to and unloading them at the terminal at the named port or place of destination. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the terminal and, if possible, a specific point within the terminal at the agreed port or place of destination, as the risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure a contract of carriage that matches this choice precisely. Moreover, if the parties intend the seller to bear the risks and costs involved in transporting and handling the goods from the terminal to another place, then the DAP or DDP rules should be used. DAT requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. A THE SELLER‟ OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence and other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods and for their transport through any country prior to delivery. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named terminal at the agreed port or place of destination. If a specific terminal is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the terminal at the agreed port or place of destination that best suits its purpose. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must unload the goods from the arriving means of transport and must then deliver them by placing them at the disposal of the buyer at the named terminal referred to in A3 a) at the port or place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period. B THE BUYER‟ OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the buyer must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) in addition to costs resulting from A3 a), all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export and the costs for their transport through any country, prior to delivery in accordance with A4. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods. A8 Delivery document The seller must provide the buyer, at the seller‟s expense, with a document enabling the buyer to take delivery of the goods as envisaged in A4/B4. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If a) the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, then it bears all resulting risks of loss of or damage to the goods; or b) the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4; b) any additional costs incurred by the seller if the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, or to give notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import of the goods. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery at the named terminal, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the delivery document provided as envisaged in A8. A9 Checking –packaging –marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information,
including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. DELIVERED AT PLACE DAP (insert named place of destination) Incoterms 2010 GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Delivered at Place” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties. DAP requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. If the parties wish the seller to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty and carry out any import customs formalities, the DDP term should be used. A THE SELLER‟ OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence and other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods and for their transport through any country prior to delivery. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named place of destination or to the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination. If a specific point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point at the named place of destination that best suits its purpose. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods by placing them at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period. B THE BUYER‟ OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the buyer must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) in addition to costs resulting from A3 a), all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; b) any charges for unloading at the place of destination that were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; and c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export and the costs for their transport through any country, prior to delivery in accordance with A4. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods. A8 Delivery document The seller must provide the buyer, at the seller‟s expense, with a document enabling the buyer to take delivery of the goods as envisaged in A4/B4. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If a) the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, then it bears all resulting risks of loss of or damage to the goods; or b) the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4; b) all costs of unloading necessary to take delivery of the goods from the arriving means of transport at the named place of destination, unless such costs were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; c) any additional costs incurred by the seller if the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2 or to give notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and d) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import of the goods. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery within the named place of destination, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the delivery document provided as envisaged in A8. A9 Checking –packaging –marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. DELIVERED DUTY PAID DDP (insert named place of destination) Incoterms 2010 GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Delivered Duty Paid” means that the seller delivers the goods when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer, cleared for import on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the place of destination and has an obligation to clear the goods not only for export but also for import, to pay any duty for both export and import and to carry out all customs formalities. DDP represents the maximum obligation for the seller. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties. The parties are well advised not to use DDP if the seller is unable directly or indirectly to obtain import clearance. If the parties wish the buyer to bear all risks and costs of import clearance, the DAP rule should be used. Any VAT or other taxes payable upon import are for the seller‟s account unless expressly agreed otherwise in the sales contract. A THE SELLER‟ OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export and import licence and other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods, for their transport through any country and for their import. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named place of destination or to the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination. If a specific point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point at the named place of destination that best suits its purpose. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods by placing them at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period. B THE BUYER‟ OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the buyer must provide assistance to the seller, at the seller‟s request, risk and expense, in obtaining any import licence or other official authorization for the import of the goods. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) in addition to costs resulting from A3 a), all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; b) any charges for unloading at the place of destination that were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; and c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export and import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export and import of the goods, and the costs for their transport through any country prior to delivery in accordance with A4. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods. A8 Delivery document The seller must provide the buyer, at the seller‟s expense, with a document enabling the buyer to take delivery of the goods as envisaged in A4/B4. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If a) the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, then it bears all resulting risks of loss of or damage to the goods; or b) the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4; b) all costs of unloading necessary to take delivery of the goods from the arriving means of transport at the named place of destination, unless such costs were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; and c) any additional costs incurred if it fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2 or to give notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery within the named place of destination, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided as envisaged in A8. A9 Checking –packaging –marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export or of import. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the transport of the goods to the final destination, where applicable, from the named place of destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer has no obligation to the seller to pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export or of import. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport, export and import of the goods and for their transport through any country. RULES FOR SEA AND IINLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP FAS (insert named port of shipment) Incoterms 2010 GUIDANCE NOTE This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Free Alongside Ship” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel (e.g., on a quay or a barge) nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are alongside the ship, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the loading point at the named port of shipment, as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller and these costs and associated handling charges may vary according to the practice of the port. The seller is required either to deliver the goods alongside the ship or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain („string sales‟), particularly common in the commodity trades. Where the goods are in containers, it is typical for the seller to hand the goods over to the carrier at a terminal and not alongside the vessel. In such situations, the FAS rule would be inappropriate, and the FCA rule should be used. FAS requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. A THE SELLER‟ OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. However, if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual terms at the buyer‟s risk and expense. In either case, the seller may decline to make the contract of carriage and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them alongside the ship nominated by the buyer at the loading point, if any, indicated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port. If no specific loading point has been indicated by the buyer, the seller may select the point within the named port of shipment that best suits its purpose. If the parties have agreed that delivery should take place within a period, the buyer has the option to choose the date within that period. B THE BUYER‟ OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. . B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer must contract, at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment, except where the contract of carriage is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a). b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must, at the buyer‟s risk and expense, give the buyer sufficient notice either that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4 or that the vessel has failed to take the goods within the time agreed. the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If a) the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7; or b) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time, or fails to take the goods or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7; then the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 b); b) any additional costs incurred, either because: (i) the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, or (ii) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time, is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and c) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the vessel name, loading point and, where necessary, the selected delivery time within the agreed period. A8 Delivery document The seller must provide the buyer, at the seller‟s expense, with the usual proof that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4. Unless such proof is a transport document, the seller must provide assistance to the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, in obtaining a transport document. A9 Checking –packaging –marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided as envisaged in A8. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. FOB FREE ON BOARD FOB (insert named port of shipment) Incoterms 2010 GUIDANCE NOTE This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Free on Board” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards. The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain („string sales‟), particularly common in the commodity trades. FOB may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such situations, the FCA rule should be used. FOB requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. A THE SELLER‟ OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. However, if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual terms at the buyer‟s risk and expense. In either case, the seller may decline to make the contract of carriage and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the loading point, if any, indicated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port. If no specific loading point has been indicated by the buyer, the seller may select the point within the named port of shipment that best suits its purpose. B THE BUYER‟ OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer must contract, at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment, except where the contract of carriage is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a). b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If a) the buyer fails to notify the nomination of a vessel in accordance with B7; or b) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time to enable the seller to comply with A4, is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7; then, the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods: (i) from the agreed date, or in the absence of an agreed date, (ii) from the date notified by the seller under A7 within the agreed period, or, if no such date has been notified, (iii) from the expiry date of any agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 b); b) any additional costs incurred, either because: (i) the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, or (ii) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time, is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and c) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must, at the buyer‟s risk and expense, give the buyer sufficient notice either that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4 or that the vessel has failed to take the goods within the time agreed. A8 Delivery document The seller must provide the buyer, at the seller‟s expense, with the usual proof that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4. Unless such proof is a transport document, the seller must provide assistance to the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, in obtaining a transport document. A9 Checking –packaging –marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the vessel name, loading point and, where necessary, the selected delivery time within the agreed period. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided as envisaged in A8. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. COST AND FREIGHT CFR (insert named port of destination) Incoterms 2010 GUIDANCE NOTE This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier in the manner specified in the chosen rule and not when the goods reach the place of destination. This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. While the contract will always specify a destination port, it might not specify the port of shipment, which is where risk passes to the buyer. If the shipment port is of particular interest to the buyer, the parties are well advised to identify it as precisely as possible in the contract. The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point at the agreed port of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the specified point at the port of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties. The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment to the destination. In addition, the seller is required either to make a contract of carriage or to procure such a contract. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain („string sales‟), particularly common in the commodity trades. CFR may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such circumstances, the CPT rule should be used. CFR requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. A THE SELLER‟ OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port. The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the seller‟s expense and provide for carriage by the usual route in a vessel of the type normally used for the transport of the type of goods sold. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port. B THE BUYER‟ OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named port of destination. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods on board and any charges for unloading at the agreed port of discharge that were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; and c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any country that were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for shipment, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 c); b) all costs and charges relating to the goods while in transit until their arrival at the port of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; c) unloading costs including lighterage and wharfage charges, unless such costs and charges were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage;
d) any additional costs incurred if it fails to give notice in accordance with B7, from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for shipment, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for shipping the goods and/or the point of receiving the goods within the named port of destination, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. A8 Delivery document The seller must, at its own expense, provide the buyer without delay with the usual transport document for the agreed port of destination. This transport document must cover the contract goods, be dated within the period agreed for shipment, enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the port of destination and, unless otherwise agreed, enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer or by notification to the carrier. When such a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer. A9 Checking –packaging –marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the transport document provided as envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity with the contract. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT CIF (insert named port of destination) Incoterms 2010 GUIDANCE NOTE This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Cost, Insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer‟s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The buyer should note that under CIF the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum cover. Should the buyer wish to have more insurance protection, it will need either to agree as much expressly with the seller or to make its own extra insurance arrangements. When CPT, CIP, CFR, or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier in the manner specified in the chosen rule and not when the goods reach the place of destination. This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. While the contract will always specify a destination port, it might not specify the port of shipment, which is where risk passes to the buyer. If the shipment port is of particular interest to the buyer, the parties are well advised to identify it as precisely as possible in the contract. The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point at the agreed port of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the specified point at the port of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties. The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment to the destination. In addition the seller is required either to make a contract of carriage or to procure such a contract. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain („string sales‟), particularly common in the commodity trades.
CIF may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such circumstances, the CIP rule should be used. CIF requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. A THE SELLER‟ OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. B THE BUYER‟ OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port. The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the seller‟s expense and provide for carriage by the usual route in a vessel of the type normally used for the transport of the type of goods sold. b) Contract of insurance The seller must obtain, at its own expense, cargo insurance complying at least with the minimum cover provided by Clauses (C) of the Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses. The insurance shall be contracted with underwriters or an insurance company of good repute and entitle the buyer, or any other person having an insurable interest in the goods, to claim directly from the insurer. When required by the buyer, the seller shall, subject to the buyer providing any necessary information requested by the seller, provide at the buyer‟s expense any additional cover, if procurable, such as cover as provided by Clauses (A) or (B) of the Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses and/or cover complying with the Institute War Clauses and/or Institute Strikes Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses. The insurance shall cover, at a minimum, the price provided in the contract plus 10% (i.e., 110%) and shall be in the currency of the contract. The insurance shall cover the goods from the point of delivery set out in A4 and A5 to at least the named port of destination. The seller must provide the buyer with the insurance policy or other evidence of insurance cover. Moreover, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs to procure any additional insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with any information necessary for the seller to procure any additional insurance requested by the buyer as envisaged in A3 b). B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named port of destination. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods on board and any charges for unloading at the agreed port of discharge that were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; c) the costs of insurance resulting from A3 b); and d) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any country that were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for shipment, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 d); b) all costs and charges relating to the goods while in transit until their arrival at the port of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; c) unloading costs including lighterage and wharfage charges, unless such costs and charges were for the seller‟s account under the contract of carriage; d) any additional costs incurred if it fails to give notice in accordance with B7, from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for shipment, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country, unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage; and f) the costs of any additional insurance procured at the buyer‟s request under A3 b) and B3 b). A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods. A8 Delivery document The seller must, at its own expense provide the buyer without delay with the usual transport document for the agreed port of destination. This transport document must cover the contract goods, be dated within the period agreed for shipment, enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the port of destination and, unless otherwise agreed, enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer or by notification to the carrier. When such a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer. A9 Checking –packaging –marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for shipping the goods and/or the point of receiving the goods within the named port of destination, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the transport document provided as envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity with the contract. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyer‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the seller‟s request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country.
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