英语中考话题作文教学效果的分析与思考
摘 要：英语话题作文写作是初中学生必须掌握并能灵活运用的能力之一。然而，由于话题作文难以下手，学生在写作时往往思维混乱，前言不搭后语，导致难以达到理想的写作目标。鉴于此，本文着重探讨教师如何引导学生去解读话题作文，把握话题作文的写作框架和写作思路，从而提高话题作文的教学效果。
关键词：初中英语;话题作文;教学效果;分析与思考
英语写作是初中学生必须掌握的语言技能之一，是初中英语教学强调的一个核心技能，是听、说、读语言技能的重要组成部分，而话题作文又是中考作文中常考的一种题材。在实际教学中，学生的话题写作状况并不乐观，许多学生由于词汇贫乏和语法障碍，因而只能写出“中式英语”的文章，得分很低，从而使学生对写作产生了恐惧心理。面对这种现象，教师必须给予足够的重视。笔者认为，在短期内迅速提升初三学生英语话题作文的写作水平是完全可行的，但必须做到以下几点。
一、多样化话题导入要挖掘学生内驱力
话题的选择直接关系到学生的喜好程度。其中，新颖多样的话题更能吸引学生的目光，更能集中学生的注意力。由此可见，教师在选择话题时，需要考虑到初中学生的身心发展，选择能抓住学生眼球的典型话题，促进学生主动去阅读话题、揣摩话题和领悟话题，从而挖掘学生的学习潜能，激发学生的学习兴趣，调动学生的学习积极性和主动性，充分发挥学生的主体作用，更便于满足学生所表现出来的浓厚的学习欲望。比如：在话题“Teenage problems”中，有“Different problems”和“What should I do”两个子话题，为了让学生主动开口“Talk about problems and their causes”。我首先用中文对学生说：“我最近遇到了一些问题，你们根据我的描述猜猜看我有哪些烦恼”？学生一听兴奋地两眼发光，纷纷催促快点开始。于是我继续说：“I have had a lot of food lately”，学生立马说：“Worry about getting fat”。“It takes a long night to get to sleep”我继续说道。学生抢先答：“Sleepless”。然后我对学生说：“为了公平起见，你们也应该告诉老师你们的烦恼的原因吧”！话音刚落，就有学生回答：“I dont have enough time to do homework”。在他的带动下，其他学生也开始用英语表达困恼自己的问题。通过本节课的教学，学生参与话题作文的讨论积极性得到了很大的提高，学生全部参与在研讨之中，学会并掌握了本节课的英语知识，而且提高了他们听说能力。
二、写作技巧要以提升学生的写作水平为主
在英语话题写作指导过程中，教师不仅需要给学生灌输写作理论知识，而且还要懂得适时地传授一些写作技巧。这样可以将不同时空、不同角度的材料组合成为绚丽多彩的文章大厦。同时学生可以将所获得的话题写作技巧迁移到其他题材的作文中去，培养他们的写作灵感以及举一反三的能力。换言之，丰富多彩、灵活多变的写作技巧更能培养学生的创新思维，激励他们进行自主创作，从而可以提高学生的写作水平。比如：在话题“Know yourself”中，我给学生设计了一系列问题：1.What is you personality？ 2.What is you appearance？ 3.What sport do you like？ 4.What food do you like？ 5.What is you dreams？ 6.What food do you like？然后讓学生围绕这几个问题设计英语对话，在对话过程中，学生可以加入自己的创意，这给学生提供了很大的创作空间，他们准备对话的热情很高。其中有的学生把对话情境设置在餐厅中，根据双方对菜肴的喜好去展开对话;还有的学生则把对话情境设置在旅游途中，表演得很是生动。在完成对话之后，学生很清楚地知道如何去创设情境以及书写这一话题。在本节课的教学中，学生在表演对话中，身临其境，情不自禁地根据当时情景，进行交流研讨，不仅熟练地掌握了句型和语法，而且还增强了写作信心，从而提高了写作水平。
三、现场写作运用促进科学合理评价的建构
教师科学、合理的评价是激发学生学习内驱力的重要“催化剂”。对于初中学生而言，由于他们正在逐步形成强烈的成人意识，希望得到成人的赞赏和认可，尤其希望得到教师的客观评价。因此，初中英语教师在进行话题写作教学时，应该重视学生的这一心理，以便在课堂写作评价中让学生意识到自身的不足，并乐于去弥补这种不足，从而让学生的写作水平得到良好的发展。比如：话题“Films”中的子话题“Using so... that and such... that...”，我在课堂上仔细讲解了这一语法知识，并且还区分了这两种句型的区别，同时例举了大量的句子来让学生体验两种句型，在讲完语法理论知识之后，为了让学生在写作时可以熟练运用该句型，我给学生当堂布置了写作任务“介绍三种水果”，并要求运用上述句型，十五分钟完成并上交，然后我迅速浏览了一下，挑选出学生所犯的相似的句法和语法错误，并对文章结构进行一一点评，让学生及时了解自己的写作缺点。本节课的学习，不仅培养了学生灵活运用所学知识的能力，而且通过这样的评价还能快速地帮助学生解决话题作文写作中存在的问题，建立正确的概念，从而形成科学的学习评价观。
总之，教师在教学时，首先要采用有效的教学方法帮助学生克服畏难心理，使学生对话题产生兴趣和爱好;然后让学生熟悉并掌握话题作文的写作逻辑;最后鼓励学生积极练习话题写作，并不断地总结相应的话题写作经验和心得，从而让学生的话题写作水平得到质的提升，为其在英语中考中获得理想的英语成绩奠定良好的基础。
[参考文献]
[1]李莹霞.初中英语单元话题作文的有效教学策略探析[J].英语广场，2018（06）.
[2]叶译.初中英语单元话题作文的有效教学策略研究[J].中小学教材教学，2015（06）.
[3]李湛荣，张琳琳.“生本三位一体”英语话题作文有效教学模式的建构[J].课程·教材·教法，2014，34（07）.
[4]郭胡汝芳.输出假设理论下初中英语课堂写作训练案例分析[D].闽南师范大学，2016.
（作者单位：苏州市相城区北桥中学，江苏 苏州215000）
作者：严红英
1、请根据提示以“The Spring Festival”为题，写一篇不少于80词的英语短文。 提示：1.春节是中国最重要的节日;
2.人们大多回家过年，家庭成员团聚;
3.家人一起吃团年饭、看电视、拜访亲朋好友(friends and relatives); 4.孩子们喜欢春节。
The Spring Festival The Spring Festival comes in winter. It is the most important traditional festival in China. People usually go home to spend the festival with their family. They have a big family get-together. The Chinese people have big meals and watch TV during the Spring Festival. They also visit their friends and relatives. Children like the Spring Festival very much because they needn’t go to school and they have a lot of time to play.
2、最近，康敏的加拿大朋友Michael给他发来电子邮件，想了解康敏家乡的变化。假如你是康敏，请根据以下提示，给Michael回一封电子邮件。 过去：生活条件差，道路狭窄，车辆少，住不好，吃不饱，联系不便...... 现在：生活条件优越，道路宽，车辆多，住得舒适，手机普及...... 要求：1.围绕以上内容进行合理表述;
2.所表述的内容必须包含表中的所有方面;
3.词数80词左右，开头语已给出(不计入词数)。
参考词汇：living conditions, narrow, be crowded into, communications(通讯)，telegram, thanks to, rapidly, mobile phone, policy Dear Michael, You want to know the changes about my hometown. You know, great changes have taken place for many years. In the past, the living conditions were very poor. There were not many buses or cars, and the roads were narrow. Usually, a big family was crowed into a small, dark house. Most families couldn’t get enough food. The communications were simple and slow. People kept in touch with their friends and relatives far away mainly by letter or telegram. Thanks to the government, our hometown has developed rapidly in recent years. The living conditions are much better and more comfortable. The roads are wide. Some people have their own cars. Most of the people have lived in big new houses. Quite a few adults have mobile phones. Because of many good policies, I think our lives will become better and better. Sincerely Kang Min
3、随着网络的发展，人们消费观念转变，购物方式也在悄然地发生变化。“网购”成为一种时尚，越来越多的学生也正加入到网购群体中。请你根据以下表格的提示，写一篇网上购物的文章。
优点 1.足不出户;节约时间;避免拥挤、劳累。
2.价格通常比较便宜。
3.可供选择的范围广，品种多。 缺点 1.只能看到图片，看不到商品本身。
2.容易购买大量不太需要的东西，造成浪费。 注意：1.所表述的内容必须包含表格中的所有方面; 2.80词左右，开头文章已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：网购 shopping online; 避免做某事 avoid doing sth; 商品 goods; 导致 cause
Shopping Online With the development of the Internet, many people are used to shopping online. It has become a fashion in our daily life. Some of us students also join the group. Shopping online has many advantages. Just sitting in front of the computer, you can buy what you’re interested in without going outdoors. You can avoid getting tired and being trapped in the crowded people and save time. When shopping online, you can choose from more kinds of goods, whose prices are generally lower. Every coin has two sides. There are also some disadvantages about shopping online, too. On the one hand, it’s very easy for you to buy goods different from the pictures you see on the Internet. On the other hand, shopping online may cause people to buy goods that are not badly needed. That’s a waste of money. All in all, I love shopping online.
4、某英文报社正就青少年与父母关系这一话题开展题为“How to keep a good relationship with parents”的征文活动。请你根据以下要点，写一篇英语短文参加此次活动。
要点：1.父母规矩太多，过于强调学习成绩，不理解自己等问题;
2.你对这些问题的看法;
3.你与父母保持良好关系的做法。
How to keep a good relationship with parents In my opinion, I have too many rules at home. My parents never allow me to go out with my friends at night. They don’t allow me to choose my own clothes, either. And they pay too much attention to my exam results. I think my parents don’t quite understand me. However, I try my best to understand them. Although they don’t allow me to make my own decisions and give me too much pressure, I know that it is because they really love me and want me to have a bright future. In order to keep a good relationship with my parents, I study hard and listen to them. I talk with them as friends, and always tell them my troubles. I also help them do some housework.
5、刚到中国来学习不久的John应汉语老师的邀请去他家里做客，因此John 向Bob请教相关礼仪。假设你是Bob,请你给John回一封电子邮件，告诉他一些注意事项。80词左右，开头已给出(不计入总词数)。 Dear John, I know that you will visit your Chinese teacher’s home. If you do the following, I don’t think you will feel uncomfortable. First, you should arrive a little earlier. Being late is impolite. Second, it’s also good to bring a gift such as some flowers or fruit. Third, you will probably use chopsticks to have dinner. Remember not to stick your chopsticks into your food. You’d better say that the food is delicious while you are eating. Finally, after dinner, showing thanks is also necessary. And you are not supposed to stay long after dinner. Good luck! Yours, Bob
6、近20年来，各方面的调查表明：青少年的体质不断下降。请你以“How to keep healthy”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文，说说你的看法和建议。开头已给出，不计入总词数。 主要内容包括：
1.体质下降的原因。如：eat too much junk food, have too much homework... 2.合理的健康建议。如：should do more exercise, eat a balanced diet(饮食平衡), enough sleep...
How to keep healthy Nowadays students’ physical fitness is getting worse and worse year by year. I think there are some reasons. Students have too much homework to do, so they have little time to have sports. Some students eat too much junk food. That’s also bad for their health. Then, how to keep healthy? Here is some useful advice. First, students should do more exercise. Second, students should eat a balanced diet. It’s better to eat more vegetables and fruits every day, and try to eat less junk food. Finally, enough sleep is also very important.
7、节约资源，保护环境，从身边的小事做起。作为一名学生，我们应该怎样看待“低碳”生活?请以“My low-carbon life”为题写一篇短文，简述自己对“低碳”生活的理解及看法。80词左右。 提示：1.步行或骑自行车上学;
2.节约用水; 3.不用塑料袋; 4.节约用电; 5.充分使用纸张。
参考词汇：on foot, turn off, recycle, make full use of, plastic bag, tap
My low-carbon life Now the human living environment is becoming worse and worse. So a new lifestyle called low-carbon life is spreading to every part of our country. As middle school students, how can we have a low-carbon life? Firstly, we can go to school on foot or by bike. Secondly, we shouldn’t waste water or electricity. Remember to turn off the lights when we leave the room and turn off the tap in time after using it. Thirdly, we should use cloth bags in our daily life instead of plastic ones. Fourthly, we should also make full use of paper. We’d better recycle some of our textbooks. It’s important for us to live a low-carbon life to protect the environment.
8、我的理想职业
最近，你班就“你的理想职业”展开了一次调查。请根据你们小组的情况写一篇英语短文，向英语校刊投稿。
组员
理想职业
原因
Mary
时装设计师(fashion designer)
喜欢漂亮衣服，擅长绘画 Kate
园艺工(gardener)
喜爱植物，想让城市更美
Mike
作家
愿意与别人分享精彩故事 Tom
厨师
为别人煮健康美味的食物
你 ? ?
注意：1。词数80左右(短文的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数);
2。不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。
Recently we did a survey in our class in order to learn about students’ ideal jobs。 Here’s a report about my group members’ ideas。
„„
Hopefully everyone can realize their dreams in the future。
★ 范文
Recently we did a survey in our class in order to learn about students’ ideal jobs. Here’s a report about my group members’ ideas.
Mary wants to be a fashion designer because she likes beautiful clothes and she is good at drawing. Kate wants to be a gardener，she loves plants, and she wants to make the cities better. Mike would like to be a writer. He’d like to share his wonderful stories with others. Tom would like to be a cook. He’d like to cook delicious food for others. As for me, I want to be a policeman. I want to protect the people’s safety。
Hope everyone can realize their dreams in the future。
9、校园安全
建设平安校园是我们每个人的责任与义务。作为一名学生，我们更应该珍惜自己的生命，更应该注意自己的人身安全。假如你是Li Hua，并担任校学生会主席，请你就安全问题，向全校学生发出倡议，写一封安全倡议书。
内容提示：(1)不带管制刀具到学校;(2)不私自下河洗澡;(3)不打架;(4)上学放学的途中应该注意安全;(5)遇紧急情况，立即报告警察或老师。
参考词汇：管制刀具：restricted knives or things;洗澡：have a bath;打架：fight;紧急情况：emergency;交通安全：pay attention to the traffic。
2011中考英语话题作文专题-环保问题：保护环境
2011-10-05 13:20 来源：互联网作者：佚名 [打印] [评论
环境问题今天环境变得越来越糟糕,环境问题影响着人们的工作,学习,生活等,而我们的工作,生活,生产等又使环境污染越来越严重„„,如何保护我们的环境?请以“ How to protect our environment? ”为题写一篇短文。提示:存在问题:1.水污染越来越严重;2.砍伐森林严重;3.大气污染严重;4.白色垃圾等。要求：如何改善/保护环境?至少：3至4个方面。
How to protect/save our environment/world?
As we all know, the environment around us is getting worse and worse /more and more seriously today. Water is polluted, we have no clean water to drink. Many trees are cutting down, some animals are getting less and less. Somefactories are pouring dirty air into the sky. The population is increasing faster and faster, resources are getting less and less„etc. Not only does it affect our lives and health, it also has a greataffectionin thefuture. People’s health has been greatly affected by air, noise and water pollution. Many people died of diseases. In order to live a better life, something must be done to stop the pollution. It’s our duty to protect our environment. We shouldn’t throw away rubbish everywhere. Trees are very helpful and important for us. We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthy in the future.
If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. In a word, if everyone pays more attention to our environment, there will be less pollution and our life will be better. “There is only one earth”, I hope everyone will protect our environment well.
中考英语作文范文：环境保护.txt52每个人都一条抛物线，天赋决定其开口，而最高点则需后天的努力。没有秋日落叶的飘零，何来新春绿芽的饿明丽?只有懂得失去，才会重新拥有。典型句子：
1. It’s our duty to save wate
2. As we know , water is very important to man,
3. we can’t live without water.
4. The amount of water which is suitable to drink is less and less.
5. But some people don’t care about it .
6. Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted.
Something must be done to stop the pollution.
7. It"s our duty to protect our environment。
8. It is very important to take care of our environment
9. We should not throw litter onto the ground
10. We should not spit in a public place/ cut down the trees
11. We should plant more flowers and trees。
12. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin
13. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
14.Trees are very helpful and important for us.
15.We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthy in the future.
It’s everyone’s duty to love and protect the environment.例文：
1、假如你是新华中学的学生，名叫MIKE。去年6月1日我国已经禁止使用塑料袋，你对此有何看法和什么好的建议?
参考答案:
I’m Mike. I am a student in Huaxing Middle School. Do you know the plastic bags? Do you often use the plastic bags? I don’t like them. I think they use the wasting valuable oil their production. And they can’t decompose(分解) in a short time.The plastic bags will make our world worse. I agree with the rule, which people can’t get the free plastic bags in the shops, supermarkets. It encourages people to use their cloth bags and baskets. It’s good for our environment.
So I hope all the students in our class stop to use the plastic bags, and use our own cloth bags. I hope we can take care of our environment. Let’s make our world more and more beautiful.2 、6月5日( June 5)是世界环境保护日， 我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重„„。假如你是学生Jone.，你校要进行“如何保护我们的环境?”专题演讲比赛。要求：
1、举例说明环境存在的问题1—3方面;
2、如何保护好我们的环境，采取怎样的措施，举例1—3方面进行说明，字数80左右。
参考答案:
Dear headmasters,teachers,classmates and friends:
I’m very proud that I have chosen to speak to you all today, I’m a bit(=a little) nervous as I’ve never made a speech before to so many people ,so please forgive me if it shows.
As we all know, the environmemt around us is getting worse and worse . In some places we can’t see fish swimming in the river or trees on the hills. Some people even have no clean water to drink. So I think we must do something to protect the environment. .But what can we do? How to protect our environmemt? For example ,we can go to school on foot or by bike . we can use shopping basskets not plastic bags when we go shopping and we can use both sides of the paper when we write . In a word ,if everyone pays more attention to our environment , there will be less pollution and our lives will be better.
“There is only one earth”,I hope everyone will protect our environment well.Thanks!
3、目前南通市正在积极创建全国文明城市，中学生也在为之努力。假如你是你是某中学的一名学生张通，请根据下列图表所示内容，给笔友John写一封电子邮件，介绍有关情况。注意：1.邮件内容应包含所有要点，不要简单翻译，可适当发挥;
2.文中不得使用真实姓名、校名等信息;
3.词数90左右(邮件中已经写好了的部分，不计入总词数)。
4.参考词汇：civilized 文明的 respect 尊敬
Dear John,
I’m glad to hear from you. Now let me tell you something about our city. Nantong is trying to set up a national civilized city. We middle school students are also doing something for it.
_______________________________________________________________
Zhang Tong
参考答案:
Dear John,
I’m glad to hear from you. Now let me tell you something about our city. Nantong is trying to set up a national civilized city. We middle school students are also doing some things for it. We are all polite to our teachers. (In class, we listen carefully to them./ When we meet them, we always say hello to them./„) We also respect the old. For example, we help them cross the streets.
We are always ready to help each other. (When one has difficulty with his studies, others will help him at once./...)We often show our love to those in trouble. Last month, the students of my class donated money to the earthquake-hit areas.
Besides, we plant trees to protect the environment and make our city more beautiful.
Nantong is my hometown. I will do my best to turn Nantong into a civilized city.Zhang Tong
4、保护环境
从2008年6月1日起，国家将禁止商家免费提供塑料袋，掀起全国“拒塑”的环保运动。假如你是李华，准备以“What Can We Do for the Environment” 为题，写一篇保护环境的英语演讲稿。
内容包含：
1.在购物时用布袋子替代塑料袋;
2.尽可能地再利用使用过的课本;
3.离开教室应关灯;
4.最好走路或骑自行车上学;
5.简述理由：保护环境，减少污染，节约能源等
注意：
1.词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已经为你写好，不计入总词数;
2.可根据要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯;
3.文章中不能出现真实姓名和校名，否则以零分处理。
4.参考词汇：布袋子cloth bag塑料袋plastic bag保护protect能源energy污染pollution课本textbook
What Can We Do for the Environment
Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. It’s nice to speak about what we can do for the environment,and I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem.___________________________________________________
In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.Thank you for your listening!
参考作文：
What Can We Do for the Environment
Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. It’s nice to speak about what we can do for the environment, and I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem.The first thing we can do is to use cloth bags in stead of plastic bags when we go shopping. It helps to protect the environment. The second thing we can do is to reuse(再利用) the old textbooks as possible as we can. We should also never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms in order to save energy.What’s more, it would be better if we walk or ride a bike to school. We should try our best to reduce pollution and waste.
In fact, even the simplest everyday activities(日常活动) can make a real difference to(对„有影响) the environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.
Thank you for your listening!
中考英语作文范文：关于环境保护的话题
Our environment is very important for our lives .(我们的环境对我们的生活是很重要的) We need the fresh air, the clean water and so on . (我们需要清新的空气，清洁的水等等)In the past, there were many trees around us ,the air was fresh and the river was clean.(在过去，我们的周围有许多树木，空气是清新的，河流是干净的)But now,people cut down many trees and air pollution,water polloution is very serious .(但是现在，人们砍伐了很多树木，空气污染和水污染也是很严重的。) The environment around us becomes very terrible .(我们四周的空气变得很糟糕) We should protect our environment.(我们应该保护我们的环境) First, we should plant many trees to keep water. (第一，为了保持水份我们应该多种树)Second , we can ride a bike or walk to the school and work. (第二。我们要骑自行车或步行去上学或上班)Third , we shouldn’t throw the dirty water into the river .(第三，我样不应该把垃圾扔进河里) Fourth, we shouldn’t use the plastic bags.(第四，我们不应该使用塑料袋) Finally, we can ask more people to join us.(最后，我们要让更多的人加入我们的行列)
Let’s protect our environment!(让我们来保护环境吧)
初三英语中考专题复习
第一节 冠词名词
() 1. It takes us _________ hour or more to go to my home town by _________ train.
A. an; aB. a; anC. an; /D. a; /
() 2. –In which class is _________ boy in white?--He’s in Class 4.
A. theB. anC. anD. /
() 3. –By the way, have you got _________ E-mail address?
--Oh yes, it’s rggren@ hotmail. com.
A. theB. anC. aD. /
() 4. Have you seen such big ________?
A. a tomatoB. tomatoC. tomatoesD. tomatos
() 5. Several _________ are talking under the tree. And their ________ are swimming in
the lake.
A. woman; childrenB. woman; childC. women; children D. women; child
() 6. –What would you like,Madam?
–I’d like ________, please.
A. two bottles of orangeB. two bottles of oranges
C. two bottle of orangesD. two bottle of orange
() 7. The little baby has two ________ already.
A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths
() 8. –Which _________ of Shanghai do you come from?
--Let me show you on the map.
A. cityB. villageC. countryD. part
() 9. ―What _________ do you like best?‖―Football.‖
A. foodB. subjectC. sportD. music
() 10. About _________ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film
Festival.
A. two hundred ofB. two hundreds of C. two hundredD. two hundreds
() 11. This is an old photo of mine when I ________.
A. have short hairsB. had short hairsC. have short hair D. had short hair
() 12. More college graduates would like to work in ________ west part of our country
________ next year.
A. the; theB. /; /C. /; theD. the; /
() 13. Can you see _________ sun in the day-time?
A. aB. theC. anD. /
() 14. The singer usually sings while playing ________ guitar.
A. aB. anC. theD. /
() 15. I’ve got information for all the computers now.
A. aB. anC. theD. /
() 16. It would be ________ waste of money to buy such a small dictionary.
A. aB. anC. theD. /
() 17. ________ good news we’re got!
A. What aB. How aC. WhatD. How
() 18. Because of the unhealthy diet, many people in Africa die at _______ early age from
terrible illnesses.
A. theB. /C. aD. an
() 19. –How soon shall we start the bicycle trip?-- _________.
A. In five day’s timeB. In five days’ time
C. In five days timeD. For five days
() 20. I don’t think men and women are equal in _________ countryside at present.
A. theB. /C. aD. an
() 21. There’s _________ umbrella behind the door.
A. theB. /C. aD. an
() 22. ________ went to Japan yesterday.
A. The White’sB. The WhitesC. The WhiteD. The White family
() 23. John Smith works in ________ big hospital in Hangzhou.
A. theB. /C. aD. an
() 24. Look, five _________ are feeding on the hill.
A. sheepsB. sheepC. sheepsD. the sheep
() 25. Several years later, John’s aunt made ________ second trip to China.
A. theB. oneC. aD. an
() 26. –You needn’t wait for Tom any longer. He must be having supper at ________.
A. the Tell’sB. the Tells’C. the TellsD. Tells
() 27. This tree has green ________ throughout the year.
A. leafB. leafsC. leaveD. leaves
() 28. At the age of eight, Mary joined a group of ________.
A. children dancersB. child dancersC. child dancerD. children’s dancers
() 29. –Mary, it’s going to rain. Better take ________ raincoat with you.
--Well, but I can’t find ________ raincoat I put yesterday.
A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the
() 30. In western countries, ________ are thrown away each day.
A. mountains of rubbishB. mountains of rubbishes
C. a lot of rubbishD. a lot of rubbishes
() 31. He is trying to explain how ________ began on the earth.
A. lifeB. livesC. the lifeD. a life
() 32. Look, the police ________ coming.
A. isB. wereC. areD. was
() 33. Writing compositions in English is not ________.
A. easy jobB. an easy workC. an easy jobD. the easy work
() 34. China was the earliest ________ center for ________.
A. research’s; agricultureB. research; agriculture
C. research’s; agriculturesD. researches; agricultures
第一节：冠词名词
1—5 CABCC6—10 ACDCC11—15 DDBCD16—20 ACDBA21—25 DBCBC26—30 BDBBA31—34 ACCB
肥城市实验中学孙丽
一、课标要求，考点分析 所谓“话题”，就是谈话的中心，引发谈话的由头。“话题作文”就是先提出一个话题，用话题的内容指定作文的写作范围，给考生一个较为广泛的写作空间，具有“活”“宽”“广”的特点。既看考生对大自然的观察、鉴赏力，又考察考生对人生、对社会的观察和思考，还考察考生是否具有敏捷的思维和活跃的联想、想象力;还从写作技巧上检测考生的辨析、选取材料、文章的开头结尾、布局谋篇及综合运用各种表达方式的能力。
二、备考策略 话题作文写作点拨:
1、美化标题——绚丽彩虹亮人眼：切忌无标题或以话题为标题。题目要出新： A.揭示主题;B.反映内容;C. 巧用修辞; D.化用名句;E.借用歌曲;F.妙用符号;G.呼告抒情
2、巧妙开头——入目即感满眼春：切忌抄原材料。入题要快。要展示自己的文采，让改卷老师先入为主。
3、注重形式——巧持彩练当空舞： 写好每一段的首句,每一段的首句犹如人的眉目，把首句写好，“眉清目秀”，整个段落都显着精神。
4、扮靓语言——语不惊人死不休：多使用比喻、排比、对偶、拟人等修辞手法,遣词造句要用情感。
5、扣住话题——任你东南西北风：话题出现频率要高。话题在正文中要经常出现,尤其是开头结尾，以免有套题、偏题、脱题的嫌疑。不要擅自将话题改变为其近义词,,如将”纪念”改为”怀念”.将”感动”变为”激动”或感激”,将”困扰乱”变为”困难”或”困境”。在写作的过程中,至始
至终要回视话题,以免走题 。如果.写了一半甚至写完了,发现自己走题了一般不要重来(时间不够,又影响卷面),加一些含有话题中词语的句子即可,特别是在结尾一段。记住:
中考作文得分高，审准文题最重要。立意前后加词语，开篇点题是诀窍。
走进历史及名人，文化积淀露一招。借鉴当年新材料，移花接木扣得巧。
排比比喻及对比，句式灵活一类招。文体明显结构好，频频扣题积分高。
三、例文赏析：
例1 阅读下面材料,按要求作文。
逗号、句号、问号、感叹号不仅仅是标点符号，它们各自蕴含着丰富的意义。请你以“标
点符号”为话题，展开联想和想象，就所感悟到的意思，结合生活经历，或叙事，或议论，写一篇不少于600字的文章。
〔 例文及点评〕
我拒绝你，句号
有人说，句号，不仅仅意味着终结，也意味着圆满。它像田径场上的奖牌，是对长途跋涉者抵达终点时的奖赏;它像中秋夜团圆时之明月，洒向你心头的是一片美丽的清辉。这样的句号我也喜欢。但是，朋友，你只说对了一半，因为人生还有另一个句号。
这个句号是什么?你在做一道习题，咬着笔头思考着，忽然有一种“尽头感”时，这句号就隐隐出现，如果你停下来，你眼前就清晰地现出一个句号。本来，你是可以做出来的，但因为你的逃避，画上了休止符。这样的句号值得向往吗?一条路原本无止无休，你在任何一处都可以起步，踏上征程;你也可以在任何一处画一个句号，退了出来，是可悲的。这种精疲力竭的放弃、自寻清闲的逃逸、江郎才尽的低头而带来的句号，是一种可恶的、死去的符号，是停止，我拒绝。
这种句号，是一种网络病毒，总是不知不觉地出来。你呢，也因此不知不觉地终止程序，甚至死机。想想看，你曾经做过的那些有益的事，究竟是什么时候并怎样弃你而去的?这种句号往往又是和人的自足、人的彻悟、人的惰性连在一起的。所以我不心甘情愿给自己画上这样的句号!
因而，我害怕句号。我对句号保持着高度的警惕。在与句号的斗争中，我认识到这原是生命存在所必须进行的奋争，也是与自身惰性和保守的对抗。尽管，它何其艰难!跨过每一个句号，都需要付出双倍的力量。然而，只要在人生的道路上，消灭了一个这种可恶的句号，便开始了一段崭新的充满诱惑的路。这时，我们会惊喜，咦?被我们拒绝和消灭的句号，怎么竟然会变成逗号。你是不是也会从中得到启示：最积极的和充实的人生，是不断努力地把句号变为逗号。
〔点评〕这篇文章构思巧妙，结构完整，全文浑然一体;语言生动精练，自然流畅。特别是文章首尾两段值得一说：文章开头一段，很自然引出论题，起到提纲挈领的作用，用得很精巧。而文章结尾一段最后的一句话“最积极的和充实的人生，是不断努力地把句号变为逗号”，体现了作者独到理解和体会，提升了中心。
例2 阅读下面材料，按要求作文。
“问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来”，这句名诗，借水的清澈，是因为有源头活水不断注入，暗喻人要心灵澄明，就得认真读书，时时补充新知，从而形象地表达了一种微妙难言的
读书感受。
这句诗唤起了你成长的日子里怎样的故事?请选择一个合适的角度，自拟题目，叙说一个“读书——成长”的故事。
要求：
①内容具体，有真情实感;
②文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名;
③不少于600字。
〔 例文及点评〕
书香作伴
曾几何时，我爸爸对我说：“书是人类进步的阶梯，你要好好读书!”
曾几何时，我妈妈对我说：“书是人类的营养品，你要仔细的品味它，吸收书中的精华。”曾几何时，我似乎渐渐明白了——“书读百遍，其义自见”，“读书破万卷，下笔如有神” 的道理。
——题记
从小到大，在我爸爸妈妈的的谆谆教导下，我渐渐爱上了读书。
一年级
贪玩的我，在爸爸妈妈的教育下，我爱上了《安徒生童话》，从中体会到丑小鸭变成白天鹅的艰难险阻，明白了许许多多的道理。
二年级
我渐渐爱上了《格林童话》，在童话的世界，我快乐的成长„„
四年级
我渐渐爱上了《爱的教育》，在爱的世界里，我明白了许多，我坚信：只要人人都献出一点爱，世界将会变成美好的人间!
五年级
我渐渐爱上了《三国演义》，在三国的故事中，我认识了许许多多的英雄任务，例如：神机妙算的诸葛亮，英勇无比的关羽，沉着冷静的刘备„„，我还了解到世界上著名的以少胜多的战役——赤壁之战等。
六年级
我渐渐爱上了《钢铁是怎样炼成的》，主人公：保尔，对理想的执着，对革命事业的大无畏精神，至今仍被后人所称赞。
七年级
我渐渐爱上了《西游记》，在《西游记》中，我认识了：敢于斗争的孙悟空，贪吃爱占便宜的猪八戒，心地善良的唐僧和做事一丝不苟，忠心耿耿的沙僧。师徒四人在西天取经的艰难险阻，仍历历在目，他们这种坚持不懈，敢于挑战的精神仍然值得21世纪中小学生学习的榜样。
八年级
我渐渐爱上了《鲁宾孙漂流记》，主人翁鲁宾孙在荒岛上独立的生活着，战胜了常人难以战胜的困难，他的不怕困难，敢于向命运挑战的精神仍值得我们学习!
九年级
我渐渐爱上了《格列佛游记》，了解到格列佛游历了四个王国，分别是：小人国，大人国，飞岛国和慧骃国，那动人的画面仍在我的脑海中呈现。
后记 ：
有人会问我“为什么没写三年级”，会回答：“那是因为三年级中的‘三’与大山的‘山’是谐音，我不想让大山阻挡书的芬香，我想让书的芬香永远传播到我们每个学生的心灵，让我们在书的世界里遨游!”
〔点评〕本文是一篇富有创新意识的考场作文。首先是小作者运用的行文视角独特新颖，按时间顺序把自已的读书经历“流水账”式记录下来，但读起来不觉得乏味，反而意味无穷，特别文章的“后记”，可以说是有意而为之，不写三年级，就是因为“不想让大山阻挡书的芬香”，作者的聪明让人拍案叫绝。
例3 阅读下面材料，按要求作文。
鲁迅先生告别“百草园”时，是那样动情：“总而言之，我将不能到百草园了。Ade，我的蟋蟀们! Ade，我的覆盆子们和木莲们!„„”在你的生活中，也一定感受过这样的时刻;那段日子，一定盛满了„„
请以“告别”为话题，写一篇文章。
提示和要求：
(1)可以大胆选择你最能驾驭的文体，写你最熟悉的内容，表达你的真情实感。
(2)不要忘了拟一个题目。
(3)文中不要出现真实的地名、校名、人名、否则会扣分。
(4)不得抄袭。
(5)考虑到内容的充实，文章最好不要少于500字。
〔 例文及点评〕
心海里的那朵浪花
心海里的那朵浪花，满满地储存着关于你的记忆，在我的生命里留下清晰的痕迹。
—题记
心海里，有段被珍藏的记忆，像一朵浪花，每当它翻滚一次，就会看到你那温暖的笑，回到那段带给我们许多感动与温馨的日子。
还记得我们初见的那天吗?胆小的我躲在妈妈身后，却忍不住探出头来看你，只见你那明媚的笑容像阳光一般泻入我的心海，明亮的双眸闪着温暖的光芒，从那一刻起，我就决定和你做永远的朋友，是你的笑容打动了我，让我的心海泛起层层的波澜，翻滚着朵朵浪花，贮满了你那明媚的笑，直至今日，我还会在阳光灿烂的午后，回忆那些美好的往事，你的笑容在我的心海，清晰可见。
日后，我们的故事变得生动而温馨，我们形影不离，一起玩耍，一起嬉戏，还闯下了许多祸，还记得那年夏天吗?因忍受不住炎热，我们钻进我家的仓库，在享受凉爽之余看见地上的大米和面粉，相视一笑，玩起“天女散花”的游戏;一会儿互相往对方身上撒面粉，一会儿手舞足蹈，又唱又跳，还乐此不疲。当大人们发现我们时，我们全身都撒满了面粉，只剩下黑漆漆的眼睛乌溜溜地转，简直成了阳光下的小雪人!我们的生活总是十分精彩，心海里的那朵浪花，满是熙熙攘攘的故事。
我们在阳光下一起玩耍了九年，都长大了，然而你的离开却太过突然，因为父母的工作而要搬家去外地，当时我们彼此没有不舍，没有难过，没有流泪，不声不响，不悲不喜。我至今还惊讶于你我当时的淡定从容，其实，不曾给对方留下一句言语，不是友谊淡了，是友谊在以另一种方式延续，心海里的那朵浪花缓缓落下，打湿了记忆，美好的结局。
三年过去了，依旧忘不掉你，那九年的光阴，真的刻骨铭心，心海里的那朵浪花，装满了关于你的记忆，给生命留下痕迹，无比清晰。
〔点评〕作者的叙述很干净，少了华丽铺陈，但有张力。文中的声、色、形、气，与人物的心情水乳交融，浑然一体。文中的每一个字，都渗透了情感。文中的联想也仿佛天成，这样的美丽，源作者深切的人生感悟。
四、直击中考
1、古希腊大哲学家苏格拉底临终前有一个不小的遗憾——他多年的得力助手居然在半年的时间里没能找到一个优秀的关门弟子。助手非常惭愧，泪流满面地坐在病床边沉 重地说：“我真对不起您，让您失望了。”苏格拉底说：“失望的是我，对不起的却是你自己„„本
来最优秀的就是你自己，只是你不敢相信，才把自己给忽略、给 耽误、给丢失了„„其实，每个人都是最优秀的，差别就在于如何认识自己，如何发掘和重用自己„„”话没说完，一代哲人就永远离开了他曾经深切关注着的这个 世界。
请以“相信自己”为话题，写一篇600字左右的文章，自拟标题，文体不限。
要求：(1)书写工整，卷面整洁;(2)文中不得出现所在学校的名称和人物的真实姓名。
2、观赏优美的景色，是感受生活，聆听悦耳的音乐，是感受生活;享受浓浓的亲情，是感受生活;拥有纯洁的友谊，是感受生活;追求远大的目标，是感受生活;体验奋斗的苦乐，是感受生活;遭遇痛苦的挫折，是感受生活„„
请围绕“感受生活”这个话题，写一篇文章，无论是记叙、描写，还是抒情、议论，均不受限制。
要求：(1)围绕话题，立意自定。(2)题目自拟。(3)文体自选。(4)文章不少于600字，诗歌不少于16行。(5)文章中不得出现真实的地名、校名、人名。
3、在生活、学习和工作中，当遇到的新的矛盾需要去解决、面临新的困难需要去克服的时候，我们往往会听到两种不同的声音：有人总说“我能行”，也有人总是说“我不行” 请以“我能行”或“我不行”为话题，自拟题目，自选文体(诗歌除外)，写一篇文章。
要求：①选取其中一个话题;②不得出现真实的人名、校名;③不少于600字
4、“和”字，字祥义丰，意味深远，寄托着中华民族的美好愿望。对人和善、和蔼，对已平和、气和;家和万事兴，邻和胜亲人;商场上和气生财，困难时和衷共济; 人类向往和乐，世界需要和平„„请以“和”为话题，选择你最擅长的一种文体，自拟题目，写一篇600字左右的文章。
5、二十一世纪是一个多元化的世纪，是一个信息化的时代，要生存，要发展，人与人之间就需要交往。在交往中获得信息，在交往中寻求发展的机会，在交往中寻求理 解，在交往中得到认同„„交往是一种本领，交往是一个过程，交往是一种体验。同学，在你的生活中，你要和你的父母交往，和同学交往，和朋友交往„„交往中 你有过许多的感受和体验，有欢乐，也有烦恼;有痛苦，也有幸福，请以“交往”为话题写一篇文章。
要求：(1)题目自拟。(2)除诗歌外，文体不限。(3)可以写自己，也可以写别人，但必须围绕“交往”这一话题作文。(4)文章要有真情实感。(5)不得少于500字。
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