运筹学第三章
第 4 次课 2学时
本次课教学重点：
会用运筹学软件、能分析运筹学软件的输出结果 本次课教学难点：
分析输出结果 ，百分百法则 本次课教学内容：
第三章 线性规划问题的计算机求解
随书软件为“管理运筹学”2.0版(Window版)，是1.0版(DOS版)的升级版。它包括：线性规划、运输问题、整数规划(0-1整数规划、纯整数规划和混合整数规划)、目标规划、对策论、最短路径、最小生成树、最大流量、最小费用最大流、关键路径、存储论、排队论、决策分析、预测问题和层次分析法，共15个子模块。
第一节 “管理运筹学”软件的操作方法
软件使用演示：(演示例1) 例1. 目标函数：MaxZ50x1100x2
约束条件：s.t
x1x2300
2x1x2400
x2250
x10,x20
第一步：点击“开始” “程序” “管理运筹学2.0”，弹出主窗口。
第二步：选择所需子模块，点击主窗口中的相应按钮。本题中选用“线性规划”方法。点击按钮
弹出如下界面：
第三步：点击“新建”按钮，输入数据。本题中共有2个变量，3个约束条件，目标函数取MAX。点击“确定”后，在表中输入ci,aij,bj等值，并确定变量的正负约束。输入数值后的界面如下。
第四步：点击“解决”按钮，得出计算结果。本题的运行结果界面如下。
第二节 “管理运筹学”软件的输出信息分析
一、分析运行结果
本题中目标函数的最优目标值 z27500，最优解x150,x2250
1、相差值表示相应的决策变量的目标系数需要改进的数量，使得决策变量为正值，当决策变量已为正数时，相差数为零。
2、 松弛/剩余变量的数值表示还有多少资源没有被使用。如果为零，则表示与之相对应的资源已经全部用上。
3、对偶价格表示其对应的资源每增加一个单位，将增加多少个单位的最优值。
4、目标函数系数范围表示最优解不变的情况下，目标函数的决策变量系数的变化范围。当前值是指当前的最优解中的系数取值。
5、常数项范围是指约束条件的右端常量。上限值和下限值是指当约束条件的右端常量在此范围内变化时，与其对应的约束条件的对偶价格不变。当前值是指现在的取值。
以上计算机输出的目标函数系数和约束条件右边值的灵敏度分析都是在其他系数值不变，只有一个系数变化的基础上得出的!
二、当有多个系数变化时，需要进一步讨论。
百分之一百法则：对于所有变化的目标函数决策系数(约束条件右边常数值)，当其所有允许增加的百分比与允许减少的百分比之和不超过100%时，最优解不变(对偶价格不变，最优解仍是原来几个线性方程的解)。
* 允许增加量 = 上限 —现在值
c1 的允许增加量为 100 —50 = 50
b1 的允许增加量为 325下限
c2 的允许减少量为 100200 = 50
* 允许增加的百分比 = 增加量 / 允许增加量
* 允许减少的百分比 = 减少量 / 允许减少量
例： c1 变为 74 , c2 变为 78, 则
(7478 ) / 50 = 92%，故最优解不 变。
b1 变为 315 , b3 变为 240, 则
(315240 ) / 50 = 80%，故对偶价 格不变(最优解仍是原来几个线性方程的解)。
[注意]: 在使用百分之一百法则进行灵敏度分析时，
1)当允许增加量(允许减少量)为无穷大时，则对任意增加量(减少量)，其允许增加(减少)百分比均看作0;
2)百分之一百法则是充分条件，但非必要条件;也就是说超过100%并不一定变化;
3)百分之一百法则不能用于目标函数决策变量系数和约束条件右边常数值同时变化的情况。这种情况下，只有重新求解。
例2：
f2x13x
2约束条件：s.t
x1x2350
2x1x2600
x112
5 x10,x20
标函数：Min
从上图可知，当购进原材料A 250t，原料B 100t时，购进成本最低，为800万元。
•在松弛/剩余变量栏中，约束条件2的值为125，它表示对原料A的最低需求，即对A的剩余变量值为125;同理可知约束条件1的剩余变量值为0;约束条件3的松弛变量值为0。
•在对偶价格栏中，约束条件3的对偶价格为1万元，也就是说如果把加工时数从600小时增加到601小时，则总成本将得到改进，由800万减少到799万。也可知约束条件1的对偶条件为-4万元，也就是说如果把购进原料A的下限从125t增加到126t，那么总成本将加大，由800
万增加到804万。当然如果减少对原料A的下限，那么总成本将得到改进。
•在常数项范围一栏中，知道当约束条件1的常数项在300—475范围内变化，且其他约束条件不变时，约束条件1的对偶价格不变;当约束条件2的常数项在负无穷到250范围内变化，而其他约束条件的常数项不变时，约束条件2的对偶价格不变，仍为0;当约束条件3的常数项在475—700内变化，而其他约束条件的常数项不变时，约束条件3的对偶价格不变，仍为1。
•注意：
•当约束条件中的常数项增加一个单位时，最优目标函数值增加的数量称之为影子价格。在求目标函数最大时，当约束条件中的常数项增加一个单位时，目标函数值增加的数量就为改进的数量，所以影子价格等于对偶价格;在求目标函数值最小时，改进的数量就是减少的数量，所以影子价格即为负的对偶价格。
•“管理运筹学”软件可以解决含有100个变量50个约束方程的线性规划问题，可以解决工商管理中大量的问题。如果想要解决更大的线性规划问题，可以使用由芝加哥大学的L.E.Schrage开发的Lindo计算机软件包的微型计算机版本Lindo/PC。
教学组织
1、课堂讲授
2、软件演示
3、结合实例分析 作业布置：
1、P36.4
Unit1
1. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote)
Answer:Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.
2. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) Answer:A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester.
3. 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of)
Answer:On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking.
4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in)
Answer:The park is located right in the center of town.
5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities)
Answer:The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire.1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静，但是收效甚微。(search for)
Answer:They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success.2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。(revolutionize) Answer:The successful development of the new drug has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases.
3. 由于这个国家的经济不景气，这家公司濒于破产。(on the edge of)
Answer:The company is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country.
4. 大学毕业后他成为了一名护士。他认为护士这一职业可能很有发展前途。(rewarding) Answer:He became a nurse after college. He thought nursing could be a very rewarding career.
5. 他像往常一样在文件上签了名。(just as)
Answer:He signed his name on the paper just as he has always done it.
Unit2 1. 警察们正忙着填写关于这场事故的各种表格。(fill out)
Answer:The policemen are busy fi lling out forms about the accident.
2. 我想在还车之前把油箱加满。(fill up, fuel tank)
Answer:I want to fi ll up the fuel tank before returning the car.
3. 如果你要投诉，最好遵循正确的程序。(follow the procedure)
Answer:If you want to make a complaint, you’d better follow the correct procedure.
4. 要不是约翰帮忙，我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。(without)
Answer:We couldn’t have fi nished the experiment so soon without John’s help.
5. 暴风雨之后，岸边的人们焦急地搜索湖面以期发现小船的踪迹。(scan for)
Answer:After the storm, the people on the shore anxiously scanned the lake for any sign of the boat.1. 这个国家不大，但是在国际事务中它却发挥着重要作用。(play a role)
Answer:This country is not big, but it plays an important role in international affairs.
2. 正是在我叔叔的帮助下，我得以克服困难，按时完成了任务。(it is ... that)
Answer:It was with the help of my uncle that I overcame the difficulty and completed the assignment in time.3. 毕业时他决定留在北京，而他最好的朋友却选择了去西藏。(while)
Answer:While he decided to stay in Beijing upon graduation, his best friend chose to go to Tibet.
4. 在这次校园英语演讲比赛中，我们班的玛丽获得了第三名。(come in)
Answer:In this Campus English Speaking Contest, Mary from our class came in third.
5. 你应该知道学习弹钢琴需要有时间，有金钱，还要有毅力。(as well as)Answer:You should know that it takes time, money as well as perseverance to learn to play the piano.
Unit3
1. 我发现量入为出地过日子越来越难了。(increasingly)
Answer:I find it increasingly difficult to live within my income.
2. 现代政治家们都试图以电视讲话来影响普通百姓。(reach out)
Answer:Modern politicians try to reach out to ordinary people in their TV speeches.
3. 应该帮助学生对人生采取积极的态度。(adopt)
Answer:Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive attitude to life.
4. 希望全班同学参加这些讨论。(participate in)
Answer:Everyone in the class is expected to participate in these discussions.
5. 如果你犯了罪就必须受到惩罚。(crime)
Answer:If you commit a crime you must expect to be punished.
1.儿子的死让老妇人变得麻木痴呆了。(numb)
Answer:The old woman was numbed by her son’s death.
2.身处所有这些烦恼之中，他依然能保持乐观。(in the midst)
Answer:In the midst of all troubles, he managed to remain cheerful.
3. 虽有困难，他们还是设法坚持试验下去。(carry on)
Answer:They managed to carry on their experiments in spite of the difficulties.
4.我们必须淘汰不合格的申请人。(weed out)
Answer:We have to weed out unqualified applicants.
5. 医生要他减少抽烟。(cut down on)
Answer:The doctor told him to cut down on smoking.
Unit4
1.她在公共汽车站一直等到末班车进站。(come in)
Answer:She waited at the bus stop until the last bus came in.
2.如果我们能帮得上忙，尽管和我们联系。(contact)
Answer:If there is any way we can be of assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.
3 .他需要多少船务人员才能使他的游艇航行?(crew, yacht)
Answer:How many crew does he need to sail his yacht?
4 .虽然她的新书没有上一本好，但是我还是喜欢它。(not quite as)
Answer:I enjoyed her new book though it’s not quite as good as her last one.
5 .我从未遇到过如此善良的人。(never before)Answer:Never before have I met such a kind person.
1.公共汽车放慢速度并停下，让那位乘客上车。(slow down)
Answer:The bus slowed down and stopped to allow the passenger to get on board.
2.许多车子都驶过去了，可是没有一辆愿意让我们搭便车。(roll by)
Answer:Many vehicles rolled by, but no one offered us a ride.
3 .请勿践踏草地。(get off)
Answer:Please get off the grass.
4.他按妻子的吩咐，一下班就去了市场。(make one’s way)
Answer:He made his way to the marketplace right after work, as his wife had asked him to do.
5 .值得庆幸的是，史蒂夫 (Steve) 从自行车上摔下来时没有摔断骨头。(luckily)Answer:Luckily, Steve didn’t break any bones when he fell off his bike.
Unit5
1. 我们得把感情放在一边，从专业的角度来对待这件事。(from a professional standpoint) Answer:We have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional standpoint.
2. 这部戏非常精彩，我很快就沉浸于激动人心的剧情之中。(lose oneself in)
Answer:The play was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement of it.
3 .她没有什么爱好——除非你把看电视也算是一种爱好。(unless)
Answer:She hasn’t got any hobbies — unless you call watching TV a hobby.
4. 他说他是直接从市长本人那里得到这个信息的。(first-hand)
Answer:He said that he had got the information first-hand from the Mayor himself.
5 .既然你不能回答这个问题，我们最好问问别人。(since)
Answer:Since you can’t answer the question, perhaps we’d better ask someone else.
1. 由于公共汽车司机突然刹车，旅客们都不由自主地向前摔倒。(brake, pitch forward) Answer:All the passengers pitched forward because the bus driver braked sharply.
2. 这个协议将冲破对自由贸易设置的障碍。(break through, obstacle)
Answer:This agreement will break through the obstacles to free trade. 3 .我刚放下叫出租车的电话，车就来了。(soon after)
Answer:The taxi arrived soon after I rang for it.
4. 在过去，不管我什么时候到家，我父母总会等我。(no matter)
Answer:My parents always waited up for me no matter what time I got home. 5 .由于没有一方愿意让步，两个公司之间的对话完全破裂了。(break down)
Answer:Talks between the two companies completely broke down, because neither of them wanted to give in.
Unit6
1. 那件工作很难做，不过我想试试看。(have a shot)
Answer:It’s a difficult job, but I’d like to have a shot.
2. 这是一本关于商务实践而非理论的书。(as opposed to)
Answer:This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.
3. 社会活动从未耽误她的学习。(in the way)
Answer:Social activities never get in the way of her studies.
4. 直到1911年人们才发现第一种维生素。(It is not until ... that)
Answer:It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.
5. 尽管年事已高，爷爷每天还帮忙做家务。(despite)
Answer:Despite advanced years, Grandpa helps do housework every day.1. 我们的婚姻很幸福，但我们也曾经历过许多坎坷。(ups and downs)
Answer:Our marriage is happy but we’ve had many ups and downs.
2. 许多外语教师常常在课堂上自顾自地讲得太多。(be inclined to)
Answer:Many teachers of foreign languages are inclined to talk too much themselves in class.
3. 那位著名演员每天早晨锻炼一小时以保持健康。(work out)
Answer:The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning.
4. 与他促膝长谈之后，她的怀疑消失了。(melt away)
Answer:After a long heart-to-heart talk with him, her suspicion melted away.
5. 目前我们没有职位空缺，但我们肯定会记住您的申请。(keep in mind)
Answer:We have no vacancies now, but we’ll certainly keep your application in mind.
Unit7
1. 他并不后悔说过的话，只是觉得他完全可以不用这种方式表达。(could have done) Answer:He did not regret what he had said but felt that he could have expressed it differently.
2. 我们最好等到12月14日。那时大卫已考完试，就能和我们一起去度假了。(will have done)
Answer:We’d better wait till 14 December. David will have had his exam by then, so he’ll be able to go on holiday with us.
3. 他正在做一个新项目，年底前必须完成。(work on)
Answer:He’s working on a new project which has to be finished by the end of the year.
4. 他们让我们使用他们的实验室，作为回报，我们则让他们分享研究成果。(in return) Answer:They are letting us use their lab, and in return, we are sharing with them the results of our research.
5. 诸如打电话、听电话一类的事情占用了这位秘书的大部分时间。(take up)
Answer:Such things as making and answering telephone calls take up most of the secretary’s time.
1. 他们把房子卖了后就到加拿大和女儿住在一起。(go off)
Answer:They sold their house and went off to live in Canada with their daughter.
2. ——你下星期这个时候会在干什么?
——还是像平常一样干活。(will be doing)
Answer:What will you be doing this time next week?I’ll be working as usual.
3. 他既聪明又勤奋，不久就接管了杂志的编辑工作。(editing; before long)
Answer:He was intelligent and hard-working and before long he took over the editing of the magazine.
4. 你话还没说完别人就挂断电话，难道你不恼火吗?(hang up)
Answer:Don’t you hate it when someone hangs up on you before you finish speaking?
5. 让他们感到惊恐的是，他们的房顶着火了。(to one’s horror)
Answer:To their horror, the roof of their house caught fire.
大学体验英语综合教程2课后翻译
UNIT1 1A
P15
4. 1.elected,
2.minimum,
3.distinct,
4.responsibility,
5.pursue, 6.exploit,
7.restrict,
8.equip,
9.granted,
10.awarded
5. 1.at large,
2.on the basis of,
3.in support of,
4.apply for,
5.is aiming at
1任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票(vote)。(be eligible to) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2.每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to each student before the start of each semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4.公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5.这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire.
1B
p21 13. 1.challenge,
2.had transformed,
3.engage,
4.occurred,
5.urged, 6.cancel,
7.prejudice,
8.foundation,
9.beliefs,
10.constructive
14. 1.rests with,
2.in recognition of,
3.in fact,
4.provides for,
5.keep...up
1. 他内心深处知道，他们永远也不会再见了。(in one’s heart) He knew in his heart that they would never meet again. 2.他们同意出版他的第一本书后，他终于感到自己快要成功了。(on the road to) He finally felt that he was on the road to success after they agreed to publish his first book. 3.他停下来喝了一口(a sip of)水，然后继续讲话。(resume) He stopped to take a sip of water and then resumed speaking. 4.这个大项目使我们忙得今年都无法安排一次度假了。(engage; so much that) The big project engages us so much that we can’t manage to take a holiday this year.
5.氧气(oxygen)是气体中最重要的一种，正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样。(just as) Just as water is the most important of liquids, oxygen is the most important of gases.
UNIT2
2A
p37
4. 1.version,
2.publications,
3.click,
4.spotted,
5.refugees, 6.entries,
7.financial,
8.full-time,
9.detailed,
10.annual
5. 1.set up,
2.came across,
3.referred...to ,
4.check out,
5.learnt of / learned of
1. 警察们正忙着填写关于这场事故的各种表格。(fill out) The policemen are busy filling out forms about the accident. 2.我想在还车之前把油箱(fuel tank)加满。(fill up) I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car. 3.如果你要投诉，最好遵循正确的程序。(follow the procedure) If you want to make a complaint, you’d better follow the correct procedure. 4.要不是约翰帮忙，我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。(without) We couldn’t have finished the experiment so soon without John’s help.
5.暴风雨之后，岸边的人们焦急地搜索湖面以期发现小船的踪迹。(scan for) After the storm, the people on the shore anxiously scanned the lake for any sign of the boat 那时他刚刚被提升为公司副总裁不久，所以他并没有期待六个月内还会有升职。
2B p43 13. 1.stressed,
2.distinguished,
3.invest,
4.matured,
5.covered,
6.soured,
7.concept,
8.balance,
9.discount,
10.discipline
14. 1.paid off,
2.make ends meet,
3.To this day,
4.picked up,
5.thanks to 1.没有身份证(ID card)我不能放任何人进来，但对你来说是例外(exception)。(in one’s case) I’m not supposed to let anyone in without an ID card, but I’ll make an exception in your case. 2.他已经从失败中汲取教训，不会犯同样的错误。(learn a lesson from) He has learned his lesson from the failure and won’t repeat the mistake. 3.我对你的能力很有信心，相信你一定能成功。(have faith in) I have great faith in your ability — I’m sure you’ll succeed. 4.即使下着雨，我们还是继续比赛。(even though) Even though it was raining, we still went on with our match. 5.我醒过来时，发现自己躺在医院的床上。(find oneself doing) I woke up to find myself lying on a hospital bed.
UNIT3 3A p59 4.1. attractive 2. fascination 3. statement 4. despite 5. items 6. define 7. image 8. concerned
9. belongings 10. necessities
5.1. step back 2. identify with 3. dressing up 4. turned to/looked to 5. feed off
1.我们需要通过减少道路上的车辆以降低燃料消耗。(consumption) We need to cut down on our fuel consumption by having fewer cars on the road. 2.电费上涨增加了我们的负担。(add to) The rise in power costs has added to our burden. 3.你应该自己判断行事，别总是跟在你哥哥的后面。(follow the lead) You should judge by yourself, and not always follow your brother’s lead. 4.那种发型今年很流行，但是我想明年就会过时。(in fashion) That hairstyle is in fashion this year, but I am afraid it will be out of fashion next year. 5.在追求真理的过程中，我们注定(fate to)要遭受失败的痛苦。(in one’s quest for) We are fated to suffer from many failures in our quest for truth.
3B p65 13. 1. economic 2. estimated 3. measurable 4. inspired 5. maximize 6. motivate 7. created 8. distribute 9. concerning 10. abuse
14.1. by name 2. identify (her) with 3. participate in 4. speak for 5.take (firm) action
1.我发现量入为出地过日子越来越难了。(increasingly) I find it increasingly difficult to live within my income. 2.现代政治家们都试图以电视讲话来影响普通百姓。(reach out) Modern politicians try to reach out to ordinary people in their TV speeches. 3.应该帮助学生对人生采取积极的态度。(adopt) Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive attitude to life. 4.希望全班同学参加这些讨论。(participate in) Everyone in the class is expected to participate in these discussions. 5.如果你犯了罪就必须受到惩罚。(crime) If you commit a crime you must expect to be punished.
UNIT4 4A p79 4.1. signal 2. crash 3. distress 4. grace 5. exploded 6. collision 7. lowered 8. beamed 9. scatter 10. destruction
5. 1. combed through 2. in any case 3. ended in 4. bound for 5. on board
1.她在公共汽车站一直等到末班车进站。(come in) She waited at the bus stop until the last bus came in. 2.如果我们能帮得上忙，尽管和我们联系。(contact) If there is any way we can be of assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us. 3.他需要多少船务人员才能使他的游艇(yacht)航行?(crew) How many crew does he need to sail his yacht? 4.虽然她的新书没有上一本好，但是我还是喜欢它。(not quite as) I enjoyed her new book though it’s not quite as good as her last one. 5.我从未遇到过如此善良的人。(never before) Never before have I met such a kind person.
4B p85 13.
1. wandering 2. unloading 3. crushed 4. slightest 5. appreciation 6. giant 7. steer 8. knelt 9. leaped 10. slammed
14.1. as good as new 2. in the nick of time/in time 3. at play 4. head for/make for 5. put away
1.公共汽车放慢速度并停下，让那位乘客上车。(slow down) The bus slowed down and stopped to allow the passenger to get on board. 2.许多车子都驶过去了，可是没有一辆愿意让我们搭便车。(roll by) Many vehicles rolled by, but no one offered us a ride. 3.请勿践踏草地。(get off) Please get off the grass. 4.他按妻子的吩咐，一下班就去了市场。(make one’s way) He made his way to the marketplace right after work, as his wife had asked him to do. 5.值得庆幸的是，史蒂夫(Steve)从自行车上摔下来时没有摔断骨头。(luckily) Luckily, Steve didn’t break any bones when he fell off his bike.
.UNIT5 5A
p99 4. 1. was sinking 2. specialty 3. purely 4. discourage 5. unlikely 6. dynamics 7. actually 8. reasonably 9. have perceived 10. extended
5.1. took a deep interest in; 2. fell into; 3. sign up; 4. try (it) out; 5. dropped out of
1.我们得把感情放在一边，从专业的(professional)角度来对待这件事。(from a...standpoint) We have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional standpoint. 2.这部戏非常精彩，我很快就沉浸于激动人心的剧情之中。(lose oneself in) The play was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement of it. 3. 她没有什么爱好 —— 除非你把看电视也算是一种爱好。(unless) She hasn’t got any hobbies — unless you call watching TV a hobby. 4.他说他是直接从市长本人那里得到这个信息的。(first-hand) He said that he had got the information first-hand from the Mayor himself. 5.既然你不能回答这个问题，我们最好问问别人。(since) Since you can’t answer the question, perhaps we’d better ask someone else
5B p105 13. 1. bound 2. sustain 3. obstacle 4. restored 5. approval 6. shift 7. emphasize 8. undergo 9. invincible 10. appearance
14. 1. set out 2. at a time 3. in ... shape 4. stopped short 5. turned to
1.由于公共汽车司机突然刹车(brake)，旅客们都不由自主地向前摔倒。(pitch forward) All the passengers pitched forward because the bus driver braked sharply. 2.这个协议将冲破对自由贸易设置的障碍。(break through; obstacle) This agreement will break through the obstacles to free trade. 3.我刚放下叫出租车的电话，车就来了。(soon after) The taxi arrived soon after I rang for it. 4.在过去不管我什么时候到家，我父母总会等我。(no matter) My parents always waited up for me no matter what time I got home. 5.由于没有一方愿意让步，两个公司之间的对话完全破裂了。(break down) Talks between the two countries completely broke down, because neither of them wanted to give in. UNIT6 6A p119 4.
1. clapped 2. defend 3. quit 4. perfection 5. interview 6. survey 7. exclusive 8. storage
9. observed 10. cover
5.
1. count ... out 2. be unaware of 3. stopped in his tracks 4. At times 5. turn ... around
1.那件工作很难做，不过我想试试看。(have a shot) It’s a difficult job, but I’d like to have a shot.
2.这是一本关于商务实践而非理论的书。(as opposed to) This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory. 3. 社会活动从未耽误她的学习。(in the way) Social activities never get in the way of her studies. 4.直到1911年人们才发现第一种维生素(vitamin)。(It is not until...that) It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified. 5.很明显，自然灾害是造成这个国家经济危机的原因。(crisis) Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the country’s economic crisis
6B p125 13. 1. deprived 2. healthful 3. combine 4. determined 5. lifestyle 6. balance 7. approach 8. solutions 9. miserable 10. deserves
14.1. out of reach 2. in tune with 3. set your mind to 4. come off 5. trail and error
1.我们的婚姻很幸福，但我们也曾经历过许多坎坷。(ups and downs) Our marriage is happy but we’ve had many ups and downs.
2.许多外语教师常常在课堂上自己讲得太多。(be inclined to) Many teachers of foreign languages are inclined to talk too much themselves in class. 3.那位著名演员每天早晨锻炼一小时以保持健康。(work out) The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning. 4.与他促膝长谈之后，她的怀疑消失了。(melt away) After a long heart-to-heart talk with him, her suspicion melted away. 5.目前我们没有职位空缺 (vacancy)，但我们肯定会记住您的申请。(keep in mind) We have no vacancies now, but we’ll certainly keep your application in mind.
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