小学语文四年级有效阅读教学策略分析
摘 要：阅读是语文教学的重要组成部分，学习语文知识内容的重要方式和途径，在新时期小学语文教学中如何提升阅读教学质量和效率成为教学的重要任务之一。本文主要是对小学语文四年级阅读教学的简单分析，并且对如何提升阅读教学的有效性提出了一些具体可行的策略，希望可以起到抛砖引玉的作用。
关键词：小学语文;阅读教学;教学策略;有效阅读
四年级学生对于语文知识的学习不仅仅局限于生字词的学习和掌握，更重要的是培养学生的语文素养，利用阅读教学，体会文章中的思想感情，帮助学生培养语文素养，为学生实现全面发展提供帮助。同时提升小学语文阅读教学效率，需要我们对教学现状进行分析，掌握其中的不足之处，发挥优势，弥补不足，从而提升小学语文阅读教学质量和效率。
一、 新时期小学语文阅读教学现状分析
新时期小学语文阅读教学现状可谓是喜忧参半，既存在令人欣慰的一面，也有令人担忧的一面。在实践分析之后我对其发展现状做如下分析：
（一） 小学语文阅读教学朝着健康方向发展
小学语文阅读教学在新时期教学发展的过程中受到高度重视，教学的手段得到不断的丰富，新的信息技术的应用使得小学课堂教学模式得到充实，使得阅读教学质量得到提升。同时新时期课程改革的不断深入发展，课堂教学方法得到不断的丰富，合作学习法、自主探究实践法、体验式教学法等多种新方法的出现，使得教学手段得到丰富，课堂氛围得到调动，提升了阅读教学效率。总而言之，从整体上看小学语文阅读教学朝着健康方向发展。
（二） 小学语文阅读教学发展受到阻碍
虽然说从整体上看小学语文阅读教学朝着健康方向发展，但是在具体实践的过程中我们发现仍然存在一些问题阻碍了其发展和完善，具体的表现在以下几个方面：
1. 传统教学思想的阻碍
新时期传统教学思想仍然发挥作用，使得新理念和新方法的应用和推广受到阻碍。同时部分教师受到传统观念的影响，在语文教学中对阅读教学的重视程度不够，仍然沿用传统的教学策略，使得阅读教学的课时得不到保证，不利于阅读教学的推广和普及。
2. 教师综合素质的影响
教师在教学中扮演的角色十分关键，发挥的作用不可替代。尤其是在新时期阅读教学的开展对教师提出了新的要求，需要教师具有更高水平的综合素质，以此来满足实践发展的要求。但是就具体实践情况来看，目前教师综合素质与实践发展不相符合，对新理念和新方法的应用不到位，不利于阅读教学的发展。
3. 学生阅读习惯未养成
四年级学生在小学阶段正是处于关键时期，对学生整个学习生涯有着基础作用。我们在实践分析的过程中发现学生对于阅读的积极性和主动性比较差，没有养成科学的阅读习惯，导致学生在面对阅读教学时，学习比较困难，不少学生会因此出现抵制情绪，不利于学生阅读学习质量和效率的提升。
二、 小学语文有效阅读教学策略分析
对小学语文阅读教学现状进行分析之后，我认为提升阅读教学效率可以从以下几个方面入手：
（一） 加大宣传力度，扫清思想障碍
在小学语文阅读教学的过程中要充分利用新的宣传手段，对阅读教学的重要性和必要性进行全面的宣传，通过举办相应的主题活动，比如说演讲、辩论赛等，使得教学参与者充分认识到阅读教学开展的意义，自觉地接受和使用新的教学理念，在教学中减少传统教学理念的阻碍。同时通过宣传教育，使得教学参与者可以提高重视程度，在教学中保证阅读课教学课时，使得学生有充足的时间进行阅读，为提升阅读教学提供坚实的基础。
（二） 调动学生兴趣，培养阅读习惯
新时期课程改革发展的过程中，学生的学习地位得到转变，学生的学习不能再是以往的被动学习，必须成为学习的主人，在阅读教学中要重视学生的地位，充分利用新的教学手段和方式吸引学生的阅读兴趣，在不断實践中帮助学生养成科学的阅读习惯，在教学中将科学有效的阅读技巧和方法传授给学生，让阅读成为学生学习的一部分，充分发挥学生主人翁意识，积极主动地参与阅读课堂教学，掌握阅读方法和技巧，提升阅读教学质量，培养学生语文素养，实现学生的全面发展。
（三） 加强培训教育，提高综合素质
在阅读教学中要高度重视教师的作用，教师自身也要明白这一新的要求，在日常工作中积极参与学校组织的多种教育培训活动，努力更新个人专业素质，保持高度的专业性，同时在不断实践中积极主动地进行学习，不断涉猎知识，提升个人综合素质，以此来适应新时期教学发展新要求。同时在教学发展的过程中，教师要积极参与校际交流，进行教学经验的交流和总结，对教训进行分析，避免重蹈覆辙，从而提升小学语文阅读教学质量和效率，为阅读教学发展注入源源不断的智力支持。
（四） 完善基础设施，丰富教学基础
在新时期教学发展的过程中，尤其是阅读教学，需要有完善的教学基础作为支撑，比如说图书室，学校要对阅读需要的教学基础设施进行全面的更新和完善，为学生提供阅读资源和场所，使得学生阅读视野得到开阔，不仅可以学习到课内的阅读资料，还可以进行课外阅读，在不断阅读中培养语文素养，实现学生的全面发展。同时要对课堂教学需要的计算机设备进行更新和完善，使得教师在阅读教学中可以借用网络资源，丰富教学手段和内容，转变阅读教学模式，提升阅读教学质量。
（五） 紧随课改潮流，更新教学方法
新时期课程改革在不断深入的过程中出现了许多新的教学理念和方法，在阅读教学中要从课改中汲取营养，积极更新教学理念和方法，具体可以使用以下几种方法：
1. 小组合作学习法
小组合作学习法是阅读教学中常用的一种教学理念和方法，在实践教学中产生了积极的影响，在具体分析之后我对其做如下介绍：
（1）含义
小组合作学习法是新时期教学发展出现的一种新的教学理念和方法，在教学中以小组的形式进行知识的学习，尊重学生的主体地位，在小组合作的过程中提升学生的合作意识和能力，实现学生的全面发展。
（2）过程
小组合作学习法需要教师将学生按照一定的要求进行分组，分组的标准很多，比如说学生的性格、特长等，将学生分成若干小组，将学习任务布置给学生，让学生在小组内谈论问题，从而得出结论，达到学习的目的。比如说在阅读《蝙蝠和雷达》时，教师可以让学生在小组内首先对文章进行阅读，然后在小组内讨论蝙蝠和雷达的异同点，在小组内得出结论，并且选派代表进行发言，最后由教师进行总结和评价，一方面帮助学生提高学习效率，帮助学生把关，防止学生走弯路，另一方面通过综合评价，调动学生的积极性和主动性，提高帮助学生树立阅读信心，提升阅读教学质量。
2. 体验式教学法
体验式教学法是阅读教学中一种新的教学方法，在实践应用的过程中受到教学参与者的高度重视，对阅读教学产生了有利的影响，我对其做如下分析：
（1）含义
体验式教学法是新时期课程改革出现的一种新的教学理念和方法，其尊重客观实践，让学生在实践参与的过程中，探究知识，提升对知识的掌握程度，真正实现理论和实践的紧密联系。
（2）过程
体验式教学法的应用需要教师转变思想观念，在教学中打破传统的课堂教学模式，利用特定的时间，带领学生参与实践，在实践中体验课本知识，达到提升阅读效果的目标。比如说在阅读《长城》的时候，教师可以利用节假日组织一些活动，带领学生去长城游玩，在游玩的过程中，将课本知识穿插其中，让学生通过实践体验，加深对知识内容的印象，提升对《长城》的理解程度，从而提升阅读质量和效率。需要注意的是在实践体验的过程中要注意做好安全工作，防止出现安全事件，保证学生安全。
3. 自主探究实践法
自主探究实践法是素质教育所提倡的一种新的教学方法，在阅读教学中发挥了积极的作用，充分调动了学生参与阅读的兴趣，在实践分析之后我对其做如下分析：
（1）含义
自主探究实践法顾名思义，就是鼓励学生自己独立进行探究，尊重学生的主体地位，将课堂交给学生，让学生自主学习，发挥学生主体能动性，调动学生参与学习的积极性、主动性和创造性，提升教学质量和效率。
（2）过程
自主探究实践法应用的过程中对教师提出了新的要求，尤其是在新时期需要教师积极主动地转变教学角色，自觉转变为教学的引导者，将课堂交还给学生，给予学生自主探究实践的机会，让学生自主进行阅读，比如说在阅读《火烧云》的过程中，要让学生自己掌握课文中的生字词，自己掌握课本想要表达的中心思想感情，从而加深阅读印象，提升阅读效率。同时在自主探究实践法应用的过程中，教师不是彻底放手，而是要对学生进行引导，将教学目标、教学重点、教学难点渗透给学生，让学生在阅读的时候不偏离主题，自己自主地探究主题，提升阅读质量和效率。
（六） 完善管理制度，实现高效閱读
无规矩不成方圆，在阅读教学的过程中各项教学方法应用的过程中，需要有完善的规章制度作为保障，学校要对已有的规章制度进行积极完善和补充，比如说引进新的激励制度，鼓励教学参与者积极落实各项政策，通过奖惩制度激发教学参与者的积极性和主动性。在班级中教师可以通过激励制度，引导学生进行阅读，鼓励学生积极参与阅读教学活动，提升阅读教学效率，帮助学生提升阅读能力。
三、 小结
小学语文四年级阅读教学发展的过程中受到高度重视，面对其发展现状，我们要认真分析，从优势和不足中汲取经验和教训，从课程改革中汲取营养，充分利用新的教学理念和方法，对小学语文阅读教学课堂进行全面的完善和补充，充分调动学生的积极性和主动性，让学生主动地参与到阅读教学之中。同时在教学中重视教师作用，积极促进教师角色转变，努力提升教师综合素质，为小学语文阅读教学发展提供智力支持。通过提升阅读教学质量和效率，为学生语文素养的提升以及综合素质的提高奠定坚实基础。
参考文献：
[1]杨妍.小学语文教学中自由阅读教学浅谈[J].文理导航（下旬），2017（6）.
[2]简碧玉.小学语文四年级有效阅读教学探讨[J].中华少年，2017（10）.
[3]张慧娟.小学语文体验式阅读教学的建构方法[J].中华少年，2016（36）.
作者简介：
杨建新，福建省三明市，福建省三明市梅列区列西小学。
作者：杨建新
阅读目标：我认识完整通顺的句子 写作目标：我会写想象作文
(一)
——变换时间、地点展开想象
一、阅读达标训练。
知了
传说在很早很早的时候，知了是不会飞的。一天，它见一只大雁在空中自由地飞翔，十分羡慕。于是就请大雁教它飞翔，大雁高兴地答应了。
学飞是一件艰苦的事情。知了很怕哭，一会儿东张西望，一会儿爬来爬去，学习很不认真。大雁给它讲飞的道理，它只听了几句就不耐烦地说：“知了!知了!”教给它本领，它只试了几下，就自满地嚷道：“知了!知了!”
秋天到了，大雁要到南方去了。知了想跟着大雁一起展翅高飞。可是它用力扑腾着翅膀，还是没能飞离树梢。
这时候，知了眼望着万里长空，只见大雁振翅远飞，它后悔极了!可是这时已经晚了，它只好叹着气说：“迟了!迟了!”
1、给下面加点的字选择正确的解释。(把序号写在括号里) 自满( )： A、形容充实 B、感到已经足够 C、骄傲 不耐烦( )： A、心情不畅快 B、多而杂乱 C、厌烦
2、读句子，用加点的词语造句。
知了很怕哭，一会儿东张西望，一会儿爬来爬去，学习很不认真。
3、文中具体描写知了学飞的是第( )自然段。
4、下面的句子通顺吗?请你改一改。
教给它本领，它只试了几下，就自满地嚷道：“知了!知了!”
二、阅读拓展训练。
未来的海底城市
未来的城市建在海底。
在未来，海底被开发，有一座城市就建造在海底，它有八部通向地面的电梯。四上四下，用水压做动力，比太空梭还快。整个城市被一个巨大的玻璃罩遮住，面积达1000平方千米。里面有上亿个模拟太阳，发光但不发热。这座城市全靠水力发电，氧气也是从水里提取的。这座城市所有的设施包括房子、电器等，全是用有弹性的物质做成的，就连车子、飞机也不例外。这座城市有四个机场，一个奥体中心，游泳馆、学校数不胜数。
1 城市里有1000平方千米的田地，用来供给食物。这里汽车全是电车，材质不同，所以不用担心会发生车祸。在未来城市的家里，每时每刻都可以看到海底的生物。
人们的生活井然有序，舒适安定。
1、填空。
“物质”中的“质”字，在字典中的解释有：
A、本性; B、朴素、单纯; C、问明、辨别; D、抵押或者抵押品。 在“材质”这个词语中它的解释是( )。
2、短文中想象的未来海底城市与地面时怎样连接的?
3、在文中横线处加上适当的词语，使句子完整通顺。
4、未来海底城市的所有设施都是有什么做的?想象一下使用这种材质的好处。
三、阅读提高训练。
小灵通漫游未来
小虎子来邀请小灵通一同到环幕立体电影院看童话影片——《森林里的王国》。( )屋顶式半球形的，像一只巨大的碗反扣在上面。它的四周，开着许多扇拱形的大门。
大厅里，塑料地板像个巨大的盘子——中间低四周高。整个大厅亮堂堂的，却找不到一盏灯，原来那些灯都藏在塑料板的后面，这样光线柔和。
铃声响了，整个大厅暗了下来。接着音乐响起，整个墙壁——前后左右，都出现了彩色画面，连那半圆形的天花板也出现了朵朵漂浮的白云，成对的大雁从上面飞过。
小灵通觉得自己身前身后全是大树，头顶上的天空也变小了。翠绿色的树叶互相交错，金色的阳光透过树叶的空隙洒落在自己的身上。
森林里，( )从树上摘下两个苹果，分给小白兔一个。这当儿，飘来一阵阵苹果的香味。嘿，这电影不仅有声有色，还有气味哩!
当演到森林里的小动物们联合起来，一起围攻狮子与狐狸时，大厅的各个角落同时传出各种动物的叫喊声，小灵通也跟着大喊：“冲啊!冲啊!”他向前一冲，头撞在透明的椅子背上啦。
“哟，小灵通，你在干什么呀!”小虎子拉了他一把。他这才明白过来，自己是在看电影呢!
1、读短文，填词语。
( )的屋顶 ( )的大门 ( )的天花板
2、请你将文中有括号的句子补充完整，并将完整的句子抄写在下面的横线上。
2
3、“小灵通也跟着大喊：‘冲啊!冲啊!’他向前一冲，头撞在透明的椅子背上啦。”读了短文，你知道小灵通为什么这么做吗?
4、“大厅里，塑料地板像个巨大的盘子——中间低四周高。整个大厅亮堂堂的，却找不到一盏灯。”读到这儿，你知道大厅的灯都藏在哪里吗?
四、写作基础训练
1、在《未来的海底城市》这篇文章中，作者想象人类在未来的海底建造了。
2、在《小灵通漫游未来》中，小灵通在未来的电影院里观看了一场逼真的电影。请你继续想象，当小灵通来到未来的学校，他会在那里看到什么?
五、写作提高训练。
展开想象，以“2300年的家乡”为题，写一篇想象作文。注意：想象要丰富、合理，故事情节要有趣。
答案：
一、阅读达标训练 知了
1、 C C
2、 小猫在河边钓鱼，一会儿去捉蝴蝶，一会儿去捉蜻蜓，三心二意。
3、 二
4、 大雁交给它本领，它只试了几下，就自满地嚷道：“知了!知了!”
二、阅读拓展训练。 未来的海底城市
1、A
2、它有八部通向地面的电梯。四上四下，用水压做动力，比太空梭还快。
3、没有 因为
4、弹性物质。 可以抵挡水的压力。
三、阅读提高训练。 小灵通漫游未来
1、半球形 扇拱形 半圆形
2、电影院的屋顶式半球形的，像一只巨大的碗反扣在上面。
森林里，小猴子从树上摘下两个苹果，分给小白兔一个。
3、因为电影太逼真了，小灵通把电影里的情节当成真的了。
4、藏在塑料板的后面。
四、写作基础训练。
1、一座海底城市
2、(略)
《
》
1小群是个双目失明、失去母亲的苦孩子。他非常热爱这个世界，这都因为父亲就是小群的眼睛。
2很小的时候，父亲让小群触摸柔软的凉凉的东西，说：“这是水，可以流动，长江、黄河和大海都是这样的水组成的，水多了便浩荡奔腾，可以发出震耳欲聋的声音。”不久，小群真的由父亲和父亲的一位朋友带到海边去玩，父亲还教会了小群游泳。
3难度最大的是向小群解说颜色。小群生下来就面对着一个黑暗的世界，怎么让他理解这个世界的五光十色呢?比方给他解释红色：太阳就是红色的，它发光，能把黑夜变成白昼;它发热，在寒冷的冬天也能把人晒暖和。“我懂了，”小群说，“红色就是让人感到光亮和温暖!”“不全对。”父亲细致地解析，“血也是红色的，但它不会发出什么光来;人血也是温热的，鱼血却是冷的，但鱼血也是红色的。红色并不总同光和热联系在一起。”小群困惑了起来。父亲再作耐心的解析：“发热发光的是太阳，而不是红色;只是太阳能发光发热，同时又是红色的。红色只不过是有视力的人看到的一种颜色。”经过这样的循循善诱，小群才逐渐有所领悟。
以后，(虽然
)父亲也这样反复地给小群讲解天空的蓝色，大地的黄色，作物的绿色，(但是
)小群却对同光和热有点联的红色情有独钟。
4渐渐地，小群觉得世界( 不是
)陌生黑暗的，(而是
)熟悉多彩的。他懂得世界上有许多用不着看便能感受的事情。可是有一次，小群真生父亲的气了。那次，小群让父亲买个红色的米老鼠书包，当书包买回来小群背着上学的时候，一位阿姨赞赏地对小群说：“小群这个绿色书包可真漂亮!”小群回家便对父亲喊：“爸爸，我让您给我买红书包，您怎么给我买绿色的呢?您知道我看不见便骗我!”说着，小群便哭了起来。
5父亲听了，愣住了，半天没吱声，过了好一会儿才为小群擦眼泪，说：“爸爸对不起你，小群„„那天买书包时售货员说只剩一个米老鼠的书包，所以绿的也买下了„„小群，爸爸是爱你的。”小群感到爸爸用他那慈爱的大手抚摸着自己的脸庞和头发，小群就在那一刻理解了爱!
6时光就这样慢慢地流过，小群读书的成绩越来越好，当小群学会了按摩、能够自食其力的时候，父亲却突发脑溢血去世了。父亲的匆匆离去让小群痛不欲生。小群想，今后谁还能做自己的眼睛呢?
7然而，就在给父亲开追悼会的时候，小群听到了一句话，这句话犹如红太阳的光芒照亮了小群的一生。一位叔叔在追悼父亲时说：“他从来没有放弃过追求和奋斗，他对身边的人充满爱心，作为一位双目失明的人，他让我们每一个结识他的人都从他身上汲取了力量和勇气„„”
8就在这一刹那，父亲对生活、对自己的那份热爱和勇气仿佛一下子全贯注在了自己的身上。“父亲呀，”他默默地祈祷，“我会长出一双明亮的眼睛的，就在我的心上!” 跟踪练习
1、联系上下文，说说下列词的意思 (2分) 震耳欲聋——_响声很大，都快把耳朵震聋了__ ___________________________________________ 情有独钟——__对某一事情很专心，很关心____________________________________________
2、选择合适的关联词语填入文章中的括号内：(2分) 不是„„而是„„
因为„„所以„„
不但„„而且„„
虽然„„但是„„
第4节： ______________________________________________ 第5节：______________________________________________
3、请仿照例句的形式写一句话。(2分) 例：掌声，是一种尊重，更是对一个生命的鼓励和肯定。
卫生，是一种习惯，更反映了一个人的文明。___________________________________________________________
3、将下面的反问句改成陈述句：(1分)
今后，谁还能像父亲那样做自己的眼睛呢? 今后，谁也不不能像父亲那样做自己的眼睛。___________________________________________________________
4、文中写了父亲关爱小群的三件事，请你简要概括如下：(3分)
第一件(第2节)：父亲教给了小群游泳
第二件(第3节)：父亲教给小群认颜色
第三件(第5~6节)：父亲给小群买书包
5、阅读全文，简要说说小群为书包责怪父亲时，父亲为什么愣住了，半天没吱声?(3分)因为父亲欺骗了孩子，他不知道怎么跟孩子解释。
6、认真读第8节，为什么父亲追悼会上的一句话震撼着小群，又好像红太阳的光芒照亮了他的心灵 ?(3分)因为小群体会的父亲也是一个盲人，他对生活充满希望。
7、联系上下文，说说句子的含义：(4分)
(1)他非常热爱这个世界，这都因为父亲就是小群的眼睛。(读1-3节)是父亲让小群对世界充满了希望。
(2)“我会长出一双明亮的眼睛的，就在我的心上!”(读7-8节)小群对生活也充满了希望
8、给短文加个标题：《小群的眼
》 (2分)
参考答案：
1、耳朵都快震聋了，形容声音很大。 对某一事物感情专注。
2、虽然„„但是„„ 不是„„而是„„
3、今后，没有人能像父亲那样做自己的眼睛了。
4、(1)父亲教小群认识水，学游泳。(2)父亲为小群解说颜色。(3)父亲给小群买书包。
5、因为父亲不知道书包是绿茶的，他觉得对不起孩子，思考自己应该怎样给孩子解释。
6、因为这句话让小群明白了原来父亲也是一个盲人，他非常深切地体会到父亲对生活、对自己的热爱和勇气。
7、(1)说明父亲对于小群意义重大，是父亲让小群对世界充满了爱。
(2)对于一个盲人，对生活的热爱和勇气是十分重要的，就好比拥有了一双明亮的眼睛。
8、《明亮的眼睛》(言之成理即可)
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五年级语文阅读理解(幸福的坡度)
我们经常喜欢把自己的感受强加到别人身上，认为自己体会到的也一定是他人体会到的。其实，这在许多时候都有偏差，至少我从那位坐在轮椅上的中年男子身上看到了这一点。
那时，我们警队正和一所小学搞警民共建活动。小学生们每到周末就要自发地到警队来打扫卫生，这让我们感到有些不好意思。几个领导一商量，说也应该为学校做些力所能及的事情，上法制教育课是一个方面，但不够。后来一个民警说，学校距离马路挺近的，小学生每天上学放学过马路，家长都很担心。于是我们就有了主意，设个助学岗，一来可以保证学生过马路时的安全;二来，对那些在学校外抢小学生钱的大孩子也是个警示。
每天护送孩子们过马路，时间长了，与孩子家长也熟悉起来，基本上能认清哪个小孩子是谁的。其中一个坐着残疾人手摇车的中年男人引起了我的注意，他的神情有些落寞，只有在见到自己的孩子跑过来时，才豁然一笑。
后来，我知道他的孩子是小学三年级的学生，有一次我问他，那个坐着轮椅的是你爸爸吗?他点点头。我说，他行动不方便，你放学不可以自己回家吗?
男孩儿欲言又止，嘟着嘴道：“他就在前边的福利厂工作呢。”
我心里说：这小孩子，不知大人的难处。
初秋的雨总会在不经意间落下来。那天我们又提前到助学岗上执勤，在树下，我见到了那位中年男子，披着雨衣，头露在外面，都淋湿了。见到我后，笑笑，说：“警察同志，麻烦您一件事可以吗?”
我说：“您尽管说。”
他说：“孩子上学时没带雨具，你能帮我把这把伞送给他吗?你知道，家长不让过止步线的，不然孩子会生气。”
我点点头道：“没问题。”
转身时，我想到一个问题，对他说：“孩子这么大了，你行动又不方便，不用每天来接他了吧。”
男子有些不好意思，但又有些自豪地说：“哪里是我接他，是他接我了。”
我有些疑惑了。他接着解释道：“我回家的路上有个大上坡，每次走那里很费力气的，孩子上学后，就对我说，爸爸，学校离你的工厂这么近，每天放学的时候，咱们俩一起走吧，上坡时我推你。这一推就是三年。其实上一年级的时候，他那么小，又怎么推得动?可孩子心里是怕累着爸爸呀。我怎么劝也劝不住，孩子在后面红着脸，喘着粗气地推，我在前面用力地摇着，却不知不觉中泪流满面。可你知道，其实我心里真是幸福极了。”
我的心里一酸，转过头去，说：“我去接他了。”
接到那小男孩，我蹲下身说，“今天叔叔和你一起推你爸爸回家，行不行?”
小男孩儿笑起来，“叔叔你开玩笑?”
我说：“警察不说假话，试试叔叔的力气吧。”
初秋的雨幕里，一个警察和一个打着鲜黄色雨伞的男孩，推着一辆手摇车在爬坡。
那是一个幸福的坡度。
1、结合语境，说说文中的加点词语“自豪”的表达效果。
2、文章第二自然段提及设助学岗的情况有什么作用?
3、体悟文中画曲线语句的内涵，想想“泪流满面”和“幸福极了”是否矛盾，为什么?
4、阅读文中两处描写秋雨的句子，说说它们有什么作用。
5、整体感知全文，链接现实生活，谈谈你对文题“幸福的坡度”的理解。
答案：
1、“自豪”的词典义是因为自己或者与自己有关的集体或个人具有优良品质或取得伟大成就而感到光荣。 这里的语境义是表现了男子因为有儿子帮他推车而感到幸福的心理。
2、为后文情节的发展即警察和男孩“推车爬坡”埋下了伏笔，作了铺垫。
3、不矛盾。父亲之所以“泪流满面”是因为年幼的儿子懂得疼爱爸爸，“红着脸、喘着粗气”推车爬坡，是感动的“泪”;“幸福极了”也是因父亲感受到儿子的爱，内心很满足。
4、不但交代了时令，而且渲染了气氛，在前后呼应中突出了人物形象。 (或答“雨为情节的发展创造环境，渲染气氛，也为父与子爱的给予和回报构筑背景，达到情景交融之效”也可)
5、示例：生活中随处都有“幸福”的风景，哪怕只是一道坡，在那个幸福的坡度上，也有爱和真情流淌„„
人教版七年级阅读理解与完型填空训练
训练I.
A. What’s a White lie
Mary did not understand such sentences as ―She is blue today,‖ ― He has a green thumb,‖ ―He has told a little white lie‖ and so on. And she went to her teacher for help.
Mary: Mrs Smith, there is a colour in each of these sentences. What do they mean?
Mrs Smith: In everyday English, Mary, blue sometimes means sad. Yellow… afraid. A person with a green thumb grows plants well. And a white lie is not a bad one.
Mary: Would you give me an example for ―a white lie?
Mrs Smith: Certainly, now I give you some cakes. In fact you don’t like it, but you won’t say it. Instead, you say, ―No, thanks, I’m not hungry.‖ That’s a white lie. 1. Blue sometimes means sad in ____English.
A. good
B. spoken
C. usual
D. poor 2. I don’t have a green thumb, so all my plants____.
A. die off
B. grow well
C. look nice
D. are good 3. Tom is ____to climb the tree. He is yellow.
A. happy
B. clever
C. glad
D. afraid 4. He didn’t like me to know the ____of the accident. He told me a white lie.
A. reason
B. true story
C. meaning
D. answer 5. He is ____today because his father is ill.
A. blue
B. yellow
C. green
D. white
B. What Is the Best Way?
What is the best way to learn a foreign language? We all remember that we learnt __1__ language well when were children. If we can learn __2__ second language in the __3__ way, it won’t seem so difficult. Think of what a small child __4__. It listens to what people say and it __5__ to imitate what it hears. When it wants something, it has to ask __6__ it. In __7__, it is using the language. It is talking in it __8__ the time. __9__ people use a second language like this, they will learn it more __10__ than before. 1. A. ourselves
B. own
C. our own
D. ours 2. A. the
B. a
C. an
D. / 3. A. other
B. same
C. different
D. easy 4. A. does
B. do
C. did
D. doing 5. A. want
B. tries
C. needed
D. doing 6. A. for
B. on
C. about
D. with 7. A. time
B. trouble
C. fact
D. danger 8. A. in
B. all
C. for
D. on 9. A. Whether
B. Before
C. If
D. Until 10. A. best
B. quickly
C. slowly
D. easy
训练II.
A. Eating Habits and Health
Our eating habits are very important for good health and a strong body. There are times when most of us would rather eat sweets and ice-cream than meat and rice. Sweets and ice-cream are not bad for the stomach if we eat them at the end of the meal. If we eat them before a meal, they may take away our appetite. It is important for us to eat our meal at the same time each day. When we feel angry or excited, we may not want to eat. A long time ago, in England, some judges used to decide whether a man was telling truth by giving him some dry bread. If the man could not swallow the bread, it was sign that he wasn’t telling the truth. He was telling lies. Although this seems very strange and foolish, it is indeed an excellent way of finding out the truth. A man who is worrying about something had difficulty in swallowing anything dry. Because when he is worrying, he loses his appetite and does not want to eat.
1. Why do you want to develop good eating habits? Because we want to ____.
A. be healthy
B. be happy
C. eat more
D. save time 2. It is good to eat sweets and ice-cream ____.
A. after the meal
B. before the meal
C. when we want to
D. when we are hungry 3. We had better have our meals ____.
A. at any time each day
B. at regular time each day
C. when our work is over
D. when the meal is ready 4. According to judges in old England, if a man tells lies he can _____.
A. drink milk or wine
B. eat a lot of dry bread
C. hardly eat dry bread
D. swallow dry bread easily 5. A man who is angry has ____.
A. a better appetite
B. a liking for ice-cream
C. a poor appetite
D. to drink some cold water
B. About Air
Air is all around us. It is around us _1_ we walk and play. From the time we are born air is around us on every side. When we sit down, it is around us. When we go to bed, air is also around us. We live _2_ air.
All _3_ things need air. We _4_ live without food or water for a few days, but we can’t live for more than a few minutes _5_ air. We take in _6_. When we are working or running we need _7_ air. When we are asleep, we need _8_ air.
We live in air, but we can’t see it. We can only feel it. We can feel it when it is moving. Moving air is called wind. How can we make air _9_?
Here is one way. Hold an open book in front of your face. Close it quickly. What can you feel? _10_ you feel is air.
1. A. as
B. after
C. because
D. since
2. A. under
B. in
C. below
D. with 3. A. live
B. living
C. alive
D. with 4. A. can
B. won’t
C. can’t
D. lively 5. A. out of
B. with
C. without
D. out 6. A. water
B. air
C. food
D. wind 7. A. more
B. most
C. many
D. few 8. A. least
B. much
C. no
D. less 9. A. more
B. to move
C. moving
D. moved 10. A. What
B. That
C. Where
D. Which
训练III.
A. Bats
Bats are the only flying mammals in the world. They can’t see very well. It was long believed, and still is in many places, that all bats are blind. ―Blind as a bat‖ is often heard. Yet they have no trouble flying on the darkest nights and finding their way around very well. How can bats fly and see at night? They fly by radar!
The bat’s radar system works the same way as the one that ships and planes use. As a bat flies through the air, he makes a sound that is too high for our ears to hear. If the sounds hit things they come back. The bat’s ears receive the messages. In this way they are able to tell the bat where the things are.
Bats go out to look for food at night. In the day-time they hang in some dark places. Some people have the bats as bad animals. In fact, they are useful animals. 1. The article tells us about ____.
A. the bat like a mouse with wings
B. the radar
C. a blind man
D. the bat used for playing table tennis 2. The bat is ____.
A. an animal
B. a bird
C. a fish
D. a beast 3. ―As blind as a bat‖ means a person who is ____.
A. blind in the lift eye
B. able to see well
C. not able to see well
D. lame in the right foot 4. Bats have no trouble flying on the darkest night because ____.
A. they have very poor sight
B. they have a kind of radar system to help them
C. they have to look for food
D. they can see things in the dark nights 5. Bats go out to look for food ____.
A. at noon
B. in the afternoon
C. during the day-time
D. after sun sets and before the sun rises
B. About Fire
Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also _1_ suffering to people. Fire can heat water, warm your house, give light and cook food. But fire can burn things, _2_.
Today people know how to make _3_ with matches. Children sometimes like _4_ them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn _5_, and then it might burn a house. A small fire can _6_ a big fire very fast. Fires kill _7_ people every year. So we must _8_ matches. We should also learn how to put out fires. Cover a fire _9_ water, sand or a wet quilt. This _10_ the air away from a fire and kills it. 1. A. take
B. carry
C. catch
D. bring 2. A. also
B. neither
C. too
D. either 3. A. a fire
B. a house
C. clothes
D. food 4. A. playing
B. to play
C. playing at
D. to play with 5. A. a paper
B. piece paper
C. a piece of paper D. a paper of piece 6. A. become
B. turn
C. changes
D. got 7. A. much
B. plenty
C. many
D. lots 8. A. careful
B. careful of
C. be careful
D. be careful with 9. A. in
B. with
C. by
D. use 10. A, keeps
B. stops
C. makes
D. takes
训练IV.
A. The Four Largest Cities
New York has a larger population than any other American city. In 1970, its population was about 8 000 000.
Chicago has the second largest population. More than 3 000 000 people lived in Chicago in 1970.
The third largest city is Los Angeles with a population of 2 810 000. Philadelphia is the fourth largest city. More than 2 000 000 people live in Philadelphia, a first capital city of the United States.
New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and Philadelphia are all larger than the nation’s capital city, Washington,D.C.. The population of Washington is more than 700 000, but several cities have a larger population than that. Washington is one of the most beautiful American cities, but it is only the ninth city in size. 1. New York has ____ population in the United States.
A. the second largest
B. a larger
C. the largest
D. more 2. Los Angeles is the third largest American city in ____.
A. size
B. population
C. buildings
D. shops 3. ____ is the capital of the United States.
A. New York
B. Philadelphia
C. Chicago
D. Washington D. C. 4. Washington is more beautiful than ____ American cities.
A, most of the
B. all
C. some of the
D. only a few 5. There were about ____ people living in New York in 1970.
A. eighty thousand
B. eighty million
C. eight million
D. eighty hundred
B. Why do People Drink?
Why do people drink? Often because they _1_, but this can’t be the _2_ reason, there _3_ be other reasons, too. In many countries, when friends see _4_ they often drink while they sit and talk. Many English people don’t need anyone else, they often _5_ a drink several times _6_ a day even if they are alone. In most countries people say _7_ when they drink together. The English _8_ ―Cheers‖. In every country there are many places where drinks can be _9_. Since there are so _10_ these places it seems that many people drink more often than they really need to.
1. A. have thirsty
B. have thirst
C. are thirsty
D. are thirst 2. A. lonely
B. single
C. only
D. alone 3. A. shall
B. must
C. should
D. ought 4. A. each other
B. themselves
C. them
D. another 5. A. drink
B. eat
C. taste
D. have 6. A. during
B. a
C. to
D. by 7. A. something specially
B. something special
C. specially something
D. special something 8. A. often say
B. often says
C. say often
D. says often 9. A. bought
B. given
C. sell
D. sent 10. A. much
B. plenty of
C. many
D. many of
训练V.
A. Population
There are about 56 million people in the United Kingdom. This is a big population for such a small country. But large parts of the country have few people. Most of the population is crowded into the big cities and industrial areas. About 90% of the people live in cities and towns. Only about 10% live in the countryside. Today very few people – less than 2% of the population ---- are farmers and farm workers.
England has the most people. About 46 million live in England. Of these, about 14 million live in London and the south-east. London is now a city of about 7 million people. Most of Scotland’s population of 5 million live in the middle part. Here are the cities and towns of the industrial area. The mountains in the north and the south have a very small population. Fewer than 3 million people live in Wales. Like Scotland, most of the population live in the industrial area in the south. There are only about one and a half million people in Northern Ireland, and one- third live in and around the big industrial city of Belfast. 1. The United Kingdom ____.
A. is a large country
B. has many people
C. has a small population
D. is a small country without many people 2. Most of the people live ____.
A. in cities and towns
B. in the countryside
C. in every part of the country
D. near rivers 3. London is a ____ city.
A. quiet
B. small
C. crowded
D. new
4. Scotland is the ____ largest in population in the United kingdom.
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth 5. Northern Ireland is ____.
A. the name of a country
B. a small city of the United Kingdom
C. a country with a smaller population
D. one part of the United Kingdom
B. Why to learn English
People in many countries are learning English. Some learn at school, others study by _1_. A _2_ learn English _3_ the radio.
Why do all these people want to learn English? It’s difficult _4_ that question. Many _5_ learn English at school because it is one of their subjects. _6_ people learn English because _7_ useful for their work. Many students often learn English for their _8_ studies because _9_ the college some of their books _10_ _11_ English.
It is not _12_ to learn a foreign language. But there is _13_ difficult _14_ the world if you _15_ your heart into it. 1. A. himself
B. oneself
C. themselves
D. ourselves 2. A. few
B. little
C. few of
D. little of 3. A. of
B. with
C. on
D. in 4. A. answer
B. answering
C. answered
D. to answer 5. A. workers
B. boys and girls C. doctors
D. scientists 6. A. Some
B. Much
C. A lot
D. A little 7. A. it’s
B. its
C. they’re
D. their 8. A. lower
B. longer
C. shorter
D. higher 9. A. near
B. at
C. on
D. in front of 10. A. write
B. wrote
C. are written
D. is written 11. A. in
B. with
C. on
D. from 12. A. free
B. difficult
C. busy
D. easy 13. A. something
B. anything
C. nothing
D. some 14. A. in
B. on
C. over
D. of 15. A. keep
B. put
C. take
D. bring
训练VI. A.
In Britain, cars, buses and bikes must keep to the left side of the street. If a person wants to cross a street, he must be very careful. Before he cresses a street, he has to stop and look to the right first and then the left. While in China, we look to the left instead.
When visitors are in London, they should learn how to take buses and underground trains. The most important of all, they must know in which direction they are going and which bus and which understand train they should take. At the bus stop they should wait for their buses to come. As soon as they get on a bus, they must pay for their fares.
根据短文内容，判断下列句子正(T)误(F)
( ) 1. In England, people go alone the left side of the street as we do in China. ( ) 2. When they want to cross a street, people in England do not look to the left first. ( ) 3. Visitors in London should learn to drive buses. ( ) 4. When they take a bus in England, visitors must make sure in which direction it is going. ( ) 5. After they get on a bus, visitors don’t have to pay for their tickets at once.
B. One day Einstein _1_ in the street in New York. His friend _2_ him and says to him, ―Einstein, you should buy a new coat. Look, how _3_ your coat is!‖
But Einstein answers, ―It doesn’t _4_. Nobody _5_ me here.‖
After a _6_ years Einstein becomes a famous scientist. But he still _7_ the old coat.
His friend meets him again and asks him to buy a _8_ one.
But Ensteins says, ―I needn’t buy a new one. _9_knows _10_ here.‖ 1. A. is walking
B. walk
C. is reading
D. read 2. A. is meeting
B. meets
C. see
D. looks at 3. A. clean
B. long
C. new
D. old 4. A. thing
B. meet
C. matter
D. well 5. A. know
B. knows
C. ask
D. asks 6. A. lot
B. litter
C. few
D. many 7. A. put on
B. wear
C, wears
D. puts on 8. A. good
B. new
C. big
D. old 9. A. Every
B. Everybody
C. Nobody
D. Somebody 10. A. you
B. I
C. me
D. us
训练VII.
A.
When you are learning English, you find it not clever to put an English sentence, word for word, into your own language. Take the sentence ―How do you do?‖ as an example. If you look up each word in the dictionary, one at a time, what is your translation? It must be a wrong sentence in your own language.
Language do not just have different sounds, they are different in many ways. It’s important to master the rules for word order in the study of English, too. If the speakers put words in a wrong order, the listener can’t understand the speaker’s sentence easily. Sometimes when the order of words in an English sentence is changed, the meaning of the sentence changes. But sometimes the order is changed, the meaning of the sentence doesn’t change. Let’s see the difference between the two sentences.
―She only likes apples.‖ ―Only she likes apples.‖
―I have seen the film already.‖ ―I have already seen the film.‖
When you are learning English, you must do your best to get the spirit of the
language and use it as the English speakers does. 1. From the passage, we know that ____ when we are learning English.
A. we shouldn’t put every word into own language
B. we should look up every word in the dictionary
C. we need to put every word into our own language
D. we must read word by word 2. The writer thinks it is ____ in learning English.
A. difficult to understand different sounds
B. possible to remember the word order
C. important to master the rules in different ways
D. easy to master the rules for word order 3. We can learn from the passage that ____.
A. the meaning of an English sentence always changes with the order of the words
B. the order of words can never change the meaning of an English sentence
C. Sometimes different order of words has a different meaning
D. if the order of words is different, the meaning of the sentence must be different 4. ―She only likes apples.‖ _______.
A. is the same as ―Only she likes apples.‖
B. is different from ―Only she likes apples.‖
C. means ―She likes fruit except apples.‖
D. means ―She doesn’t like apples.‖ 5. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Different Orders, Different Meanings
B. How to Speak English
C. How to Put English into Our Own Language
D. How to learn English
B. A frog is born _1_ a small river. When he is young, the river is his _2_. He doesn’t _3_ his parents, but he has many brothers and sisters. He swims here and there and plays _4_ them all day. At that time, he doesn’t look _5_ his parents. He has _6_legs, but he has a long tail. So he looks like a _7_. Then his tail gets shorter and _8_. And he has _9_ legs and a very short tail. Now he looks like his parents. Then he is going to _10_ a lot of insects – a lot of bad insects. 1. A. in
B. on
C. near
D. over 2. A. house
B. home
C. family
D. school 3. A. knows
B. know
C. see
D. like 4. A. in
B. before
C. with
D. behind 5. A. likes
B. as
C. for
D. like 6. A. no
B. not
C. not some
D. no any 7. A. fish
B. frog
C. insect
D. baby 8. A. short
B. shorter
C. shortest
D. the shortest 9. A. two
B. four
C. six
D. eight 10. A. eating
B. have
C. drink
D. eat
训练VIII.
A.
Some English and American people like to invite friends to a meal at home. You should not be upset if your English friends don’t invite you home. It doesn’t mean they don’t like you.
Dinner parties usually start between 7 and 8 p.m. and end at about 11 p.m. .Ask your hosts what time you should arrive. It’s polite to bring flowers, chocolates, a book or a bottle of wine as a present.
Do you want to be pretty polite? Say how much you like the room, or the pictures on the wall. But remember – not to ask how much things cost.
You’ll probably start the meal with soup, or something small as a ―starter‖, then you’ll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then a dessert, followed by coffee. It’s polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it. Some people eat bread with their meal, but not everyone does.
Most people ask ― Do you mind if I smoke?‖ before they take out their cigarettes after the meal.
Did you enjoy the evening? Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short ―thank you‖ letter. Perhaps it seems funny to you, but English and American people say ―thank you, thank you, thank you.‖ all the time.
1. If your English or American friends don’t invite you to dinner t home, ____.
A. it shows they don’t like you
B. it shows they have no time to get together
C. it shows they don’t want to make friends with you
D. it doesn’t show they don’t like you
2. When you are invited to go to your friend’s home,____.
A. you shouldn’t take anything with you
B. you may go at any time
C. you must take an expensive present with you
D. you may take a small present with you 3. In England and America, it’s not polite to ____.
A. ask the price of thing
B. eat all food on your plate
C. talk to your hosts
D. eat too fast 4. In the passage, the order of the serving of a meal is ____.
A. desert—meat—or fish with vegetables—coffee—soup
B. coffee—soup—desert—meat or fish with vegetables
C. soup—meat or fish with vegetable—desert—coffee
D. meat or fish with vegetables—dessert—soup—coffee 5. Which is not right?
A. In England or America, it usually takes more than three hours to have a dinner party at home.
B. If you are invited to go to a dinner party, you can’t arrive before the time.
C. You mustn’t smoke after a meal when you are with some English or American
people.
D. You’d better write a short ―thank you‖ letter to your hosts or give them a call if you want to be pretty polite.
B. Joan and Kate are good _1_. They live _2_ the same floor. Every morning they go to _3_ together. Joan is fifteen years old, and Kate is one year _4_ than Joan. Sometimes they go to school by bus, sometime on _5_. Joan liks _6_, but Kate doesn’t like it, she likes Chinese. _7_ Joan wasn’t at school. She was _8_ in bed. In the evening Mike _9_ at Joan’s home to help her. Now Joan _10_ better, she is at school again.
1. A. teachers
B. friend
C. friends
D. boys 2. A. on
B. at
C. in
D. to 3. A. park
B. school
C. here
D. home 4. A. older
B. old
C. elder
D. oldest 5. A. bike
B. foot
C. train
D. bus 6. A. English
B. sing
C. draw
D. flowers 7. A. Now
B. Today
C. Yesterday
D. This time 8. A. bad
B. ill
C. good
D. well 9. A, is
B. are
C. were
D. was 10. A. feel
B. to feel
C. is feeling
D. was
训练IX. A.
In almost every big university in the USA football is a favorite sport. American football is not like soccer. Players sometimes kick the ball, but they also throw the ball and run with it. They try to take it to the other end of the field. They have four chances to move the ball ten yards. They can carry it or thro it. If they move it to the end of the field, they receive six points. This is called a touchown.
It is difficult to move the ball. Eleven men on the other team try to stop the man who has the ball. If the man does move the ball ten yards, his team kicks the ball to the other team.
Each university wants its team to win. Thousands of people come to watch. They all yell for their favorite team. Young men and women called cheerleaders come on the field to help the people yell more. They dance and jump while they yell.
Each team plays ten or eleven games each season. The season begins in September and ends in November. If a team is very good. It may play another game after the season ends. The best teams play again on January 1, the first day of the New Year. Many people go to see these games and many others watch them on television. 1. In American football players can _____.
A. only kick the ball
B. only throw the ball
C. only carry the ball
D. kick, throw and carry the ball 2. If a team wants to get points, it has to move the ball ____.
A. 10 yards
B. to the other end
C. 40 yards
D. away from its own end 3. Who are dancing and jumping while they yell?
A. The cheerleaders
B. All those who are watching the game
C. The winners
D. The players of both sides 4. Most teams play games in _____.
A. spring
B. summer
C. autumn
D. winter 5. When do the best team play again?
A. At Christmas
B. Before the season ends
C. On New Year’s Day
D. On the last day of the season
B. A: _1_ is your favourite month?
B: My favourite month is _2_.
A: Why?
B: Because it often snows. I _3_ snow very much. We often make snowmen in the _4_ air. So I think it’s the _5_ month. What _6_ you?
A: I _7_ it. It’s too _8_. I think the best month is _9_. I often go swimming _10_ my parents. We usually have a good time.
1. A. What
B. When
C. Which
D. What time 2. A. December
B. March
C. May
D. September 3. A. don’t like
B. to like
C. liked
D. like 4. A. out
B. open
C. close
D. nice 5. A. good
B. better
C. best
D. bad 6. A. are
B. about
C. of
D. for 7. A. like
B. don’t like
C. have
D. not like 8. A. good
B. bad
C. cold
D. hot 9. A. January
B. April
C. February
D. July 10. A. and
B. with
C. like
D. to
训练X. A.
Most American school students have a long summer holiday. It is usually from June to September. During this holiday, students often travel or have summer work. Some students take courses in summer schools. Mary spent her last summer in a summer school. She studied two courses and she traveled with her family. They saw interesting places near their home in Seattle. Mary’s friend, Peter, worked at a gasoline station during the summer. He sold gasoline and mended cars. He made a
lot of money and saved nearly all of it. Peter is going to the university next year. He needs money for the university tuition. 1. In America, from June to September ____.
A. most school students take courses in universities
B. all school students are still at school
C. more school students stay at home
D. there are still lessons in summer schools 2. Peter, one of Mary’s friends, will be a ____ next year.
A. gasoline worker B. car mender C. school students D. university student 3. Seattle is the name of ____.
A. a summer school
B. Mary’s friend
C. a gasoline station
D. an American city 4. What did Peter do last summer?
A. He worked at a gasoline station
B. He traveled with his family
C. He studied in a summer school
D. He visited some interesting places 5. Peter saved nearly all of his money because_____.
A. he didn’t need to pay for anything
B. his parents asked him to do so
C. he needed money for his summer work
D. he needed money for the university tuition
B. Air is all _1_ us. It’s around us _2_ we walk and play. From we were born, air is around us on _3_ side. When we sit down, it’s around us. When we _4_ to bed, air is also around us. We live in air.
All living thing _5_ air. Living things can’t live _6_ air. We can go without food or water for _7_ days, but we can’t live without air. When we are working or running, we need _8_ air. When we are asleep, we need less air.
We live in air, but we can’t _9_ it. We can only _10_ it. We can feel it when it is _11_.
Moving air is called wind. How can we make air _12_? Here is one way. Hold an open book in your hands in front of your face. Close it _13_. What can you feel? What you feel is the air. 1. A. with
B. by
C. around
D. over 2. A. because
B. if
C. when
D. but 3. A. each
B. both
C. every
D. all 4. A. go
B. to go
C. come
D. to come 5. A. want
B. need
C. get
D. take 6. A. with
B. no
C. not
D. without 7. A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little 8. A. less
B. much
C. many
D. more 9. A. look
B. see
C. watch
D. hear
10. A. feel
B. see
C. hear
D. want 11. A. running B. walking C. going
D. moving 12. A. move
B. run
C. walk
D. go 13. A. quick
B. fast
C. quickly
D. slowly
训练XI. A.
In English people can experience four seasons in one day. So they often talk about the weather. In the morning the weather is warm like in spring. After an hour black clouds come and then it rains heavily. The weather gets a litter cold. In the afternoon it will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of day.
In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they need to wear warm clothes.
When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them. If you don’t take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret later in the day. 1. In England people often talk about the ____.
A. weather
B. seasons
C. spring
D. summer 2. In English ____ in winter.
A. it is always very cold
B. people always wear warm clothes
C. people can swim sometimes
D. the weather is very hot 3. English people usually take an umbrella or a raincoat with them ____.
A. in a rainy morning
B. in a sunny morning
C. in a snowy morning
D. A,B and C 4. In England, which is not true?
A. People can have four seasons in a day
B. The weather is warm in the morning and soon it will be cold in the day
C. People take an umbrella in the rainy morning
D. If you don’t take an umbrella or raincoat, you will regret later in the day 5. From the story we know that when ____come, there is a heavy rain.
A. sun and snow
B. black clouds
C. spring and autumn
D. summer and winter
B. Welcome to Bridge Street. Bridge Street is a great place to enjoy _1_. There are _2_ stores and shops on it. It is a very _3_ street. If you want to _4_ you can go to the video arcade. It is _5_ from the big supermarket. There is also a new park _6_ the supermarket. It is _7_ and quiet. You can _8_ your lunch in it. If you want to see _9_ you can to go the movie house. It is _10_ the supermarket and the park. 1. A. yourself
B. yours
C. your
D. you 2. A. a lots of
B. a lot of
C. lot of
D. a lot 3. A. dirty
B. small
C. busy
D. quiet
4. A. play football B. buy clothes C. have lunch D. play games 5. A. with
B. between
C. next
D. across 6. A. neighborhood B. on
C. near
D. to 7. A. dirty
B. big
C. busy
D. clean 8. A. eating
B. enjoy
C. make
D. buy 9. A. movies
B. doctors
C. books
D. games 10. A. between
B. through
C. down
D. in
训练XII.
A.
All around the world, people drink tea. But tea does not mean the same thing to everyone. In different countries people have very different ideas about drinking tea.
In China, for example, tea is always served when people get together. The Chinese drink it at any time of the day at homes or in teahouses. They prefer their tea plain, win nothing else in it.
Tea is also important in Japan. The Japanese have a special way of serving tea called a tea ceremony. It is very old and full of meaning. Everything must be done in a special way in the ceremony. There is even a special room for it in Japanesehomes.
Another tea-drinking country is England. In England, the late afternoon is ―teatime‖. Almost everyone has a cup of tea then. The English usually make tea in a teapot and drink it with milk and sugar. They also eat cakes, cookies and little sandwiches at teatime.
In the United States people drink tea mostly for breakfast or after meals. Americans usually use tea bags to make their tea. Tea bags are faster and easier than making tea in teapots. In summer, many Americans drink cold tea—―iced tea‖. Sometimes they drink iced tea from cans, like soda. 1. Iced tea is popular ____.
A. in winter
B. for breakfast
C. in England
D. in the USA 2. The English like to ____.
A. drink their tea plain
B. eat cakes and cookies with their tea
C. have tea with dinner
D. drink their tea in a special room 3. The Chinese drink tea _____.
A. in a special ceremony
B. only in teahouses
C. when they get together
D. for breakfast 4. Tea is popular ____.
A. in Asian countries
B. only in English-speaking countries
C. only in the USA
D. all around the world 5. The passage is about ____.
A. Chinese tea
B. different ways of drinking tea
C. the teatime in England
D. why tea is important
B. Do you like Dolphins? Dolphins live _1_ water, but they are not fish. They are
mammals that live in water. It has to breathe air to the top of the water very often. A dolphin’s nose isn’t _2_ to see. It’s just a very small hole _3_ top of the dolphin’s head. This hole is called a blowhole. A dolphine _4_ up every minute or so to breathe. It opens blowhole and takes air in, and then goes back into the water again. It can stay _5_ the water for six or seven minutes if it has to. A dolphin’s ears are very small, _6_ its mouth is very_7_. It has almost one hundred teeth. A dolphin _8_ very fast. Scientist are studying ways to _9_ boat go faster though the _10_. 1. A. under
B. above
C. on
D. in 2. A. fast
B. good
C. difficult
D. easy 3. A. above
B. at
C. on the
D. on 4. A. runs
B. walks
C. comes
D. goes 5. A. under
B. on
C. up
D. at 6. A. so
B. but
C. or
D. if 7. A. nice
B. good
C. big
D. small 8. A. walks
B. runs
C. swims
D. goes 9. A. talk to
B. tell
C. ask
D. make 10. A. water
B. land
C. room
D. air
训练XIII.
A.
American boys and girls love to watch TV. Some children spend six hours a day in school and four to six hours a day in front of the TV set. Some even watch TV for eight hours or more on Saturdays.
TVs are like books or films. A child can learn bad things and good things from them. Some programmers help children to understand the news, others show people and places from other countries or other time in history. With TV a child does not have to go to the zoo to see animals or to the ocean to see a ship. Boys and girls can see a play, a concert or a game at home.
TV brings many places and events into our homes. Some programmers show crime and other things that are bad for children, so parents sometimes help then to find other interesting things to do. 1. Some children spend eight hours or more ____.
A. studying
B. playing games
C. watching TV
D. helping their parents 2. On TV children can see ____.
A. games
B. big animals
C. oceans
D. almost everything 3. Children usually spend ____ a day in school.
A. six hours
B. more than eight hours
C. only a few hours
D. four hours 4. ―TV brings places and events into our homes‖ means ―____‖.
A. TV makes things happen in homes
B. We can know places and events without going to see them
C. We can see houses and building on TV
D. We can find them easily 5. Parents sometimes help their children find other things to do when there is ____ for children.
A. a bad program
B. an animal
C. a game
D. a play
B. Good morning, boys and girls. _1_ is today’s school news on TV. An international group is our school this week. There are _3_ teachers and two students in the group. _4_! This is Mr White and he is from the UK. The woman _5_him is Miss Green. She is from _6_. The old man _7_ our students is Mr Brown and he is from Canada. The beautiful girl is from Japan. Her name is Judy. _8_ that boy. He _9_ shy. Is he a _10_, too? No, he is from Chinatown in New York. He is an overseas Chinese! 1. A. There
B. These
C. Those
D. Here 2. A. visit
B. visiting
C. seeing
D. see 3. A. three
B. five
C. four
D. two 4. A. See
B. Watch
C. Look at
D. Look 5. A. front
B. near
C. next
D. back 6. A. American
B. France
C. French
D. English 7. A. talk with
B. talking
C. talking with
D. talk 8. A. See
B. Look at
C. Listen
D. Listen to 9. A. looking
B. look
C. be
D. looks 10. A. Chinese
B. Japan
C. Japanese
D. China
训练XIV.
A.
Hong Kong has about forty public beaches. Some of the beaches are among the best in the world. People can go there for a swim. You can go to most of them by bus. To go to some beaches you must take a boat. There are toilets, changing rooms and places to buy food and drink on most of the beaches.
You will swim there without danger if you remember these instructions: 1. Never swim alone. 2. Never swim after a meal or when you feel hungry or tired. 3. Do not stay in the water too long. 4. Never go out in a boat if you cannot swim.
Remember: A red flag means that it is dangerous for anybody to go into the water. A blue flag means that it is dangerous for children. 1. There are ____ public beaches in Hong Kong.
A. forty
B. less than forty
C. more than forty
D. a little more or less than forty 2. We can reach ____ by bus.
A. all the public beaches
B. any public beaches
C. only a few public beaches
D. all the public beaches except some 3. When you see a blue flag, you know that ____ there.
A. women should not swim
B. children should not swim
C. nobody should swim
D. anybody can swim
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?
A. You can always swim when you see a red flag.
B. You should not swim with other people.
C. You should not swim after lunch.
D. You can’t swim for a short time. 5. This passage mainly tells us ____.
A. something about Hong Kong’s beaches
B. that swimming in Hong Kong is dangerous
C. that Hong Kong has many best beaches in the world
D. it is not easy to go swimming in Hong Kong
B. In England, people don’t like _1_ very much. You can go on a bus, _2_ on a train, and people just sit looking _3_ the window.
Often they read. They read books and newspapers. But they don’t talk _4_. When you meet English people, they often talk about one thing, _5_. So when you meet _6_ in England, you should say, ―Nice weather _7_ the time of year!‖
―But it was _8_ cold yesterday.‖ Someone may answer. ―Well, it will get a bit warmer later!‖ You can say and talk _9_ this and the English will think, ―How _10_ you are!‖
1. A. lauging
B. going about
C. talking
D. playing 2. A. or
B. and
C.either
D. but 3. A. from
B. through
C. at
D. out of 4. A. much
B. a bit
C. a little
D. sometimes 5. A. the food
B. the work
C. the time
D. the weather 6. A. a man
B.a woman
C. everyone
D. someone 7. A. at
B. in
C. on
D. for 8. A. much
B. not
C. a bit
D. more 9. A. with
B. in
C. like
D. for 10. A. happy
B. funny
C. friendly
D. careful
训练XV A.
The best way of learning a language is by using it. The best way of learning English is talking about English as much as possible. Sometimes you’ll get your words mixed up and people will not understand you. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you can’t understand them. But if you keep your sense of humor, you can always have a good laugh over the mistakes you make. Don’t be unhappy if people seem to be laughing at your mistakes. It is much better for people to be laughing at your mistakes than to be angry because they don’t understand what you are saying. The most important rule for learning English is: Don’t be afraid of making mistakes, everyone makes mistakes. 1. The most important thing for you to learn a language is ____.
A. writing
B. practicing
C. laughing
D. grammar rules 2. In learning a language, you should _____.
A. speak as quickly as you can
B. laugh as much as you can
C. use it as often as you can
D. write more than you read 3. When people laugh at your mistakes, you should ____.
A. take it easy
B. be angry with them
C. be sorry
D. be more careful next time 4. When you make a mistake, you’d better _____.
A. cry
B. laugh
C. be glad
D. keep your sense of humor 5. Which of the following is true?
A. Nobody makes mistakes
B. People seldom make mistakes
C. Only foolish people make mistakes
D. There is no one who doesn’t make mistakes
B. Gulin is _1_ of China. It is very beautiful. It is really a good place to _2_.
I went to Guilin on May 1st and _3_ yesterday. The weather was hot and humid there. I went into the caves, I _4_ it was cool in the caves and it made me _5_good. There were many different _6_ stones in the caves. Some were big, some were thin, some were straight, some looked like shy girls, some looked like _7_penguins, some looked like big mushrooms. They were very _8_.
The people there were _9_ and Chinese food was delicious, too. I _10_ there. I love Guilin. 1. A. in the north
B. in the south
C. to the north
D. to the south 2. A. to have fun
B. to have a fun
C. to have time
D. to have a time 3. A. come
B. come back
C. came
D. came back 4. A. am feel
B. feel
C. felt
D. was feel 5. A. feel
B. to feel
C. felt
D. feeling 6. A. kind of
B. kinds of
C. kind
D. kinds 7. A. cute
B.ugly
C. scary
D. clever 8. A. interest
B. interested
C. interesting
D. interests 9. A. friends
B. friend
C. friendly
D. more friendly 10. A. had a good time
B. have a good time
C. has a good time
D. am having a good time
人教版七年级阅读理解与完型填空训练参考答案
训练I
A).
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.A
B).
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.B
训练II. A).
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C
B)
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A
训练III. A).
1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D
B).
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.A
训练IV. A).
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C
B)
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.C
训练V.
A)
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B
B)
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C
11.A
12.D 13.C 14.A 15.B
训练VI. A)
1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F
B)
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C
训练VII. A)
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.D
B)
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.D
训练VIII.
A) 1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.C
B) 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.C
训练IX.
A) 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C
B) 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.B 训练X.
A) 1.D 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.D
B) 1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.A 13.C
训练XI.
A) 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B
B) 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.A
训练XII.
A) 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.B
B) 1.D 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.A
训练XIII.
A) 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A
B) 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.C
训练XIV.
A) 1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A
B)
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.C
训练XV.
A) 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.D
B)
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.A
部编七年级语文下册古诗文理解性默写(完整版)
(一)《竹里馆》(王维)
1.写人物活动，体现诗人高雅闲淡、超拔脱俗的气质，而这却是不容易引起别人共鸣的是 。
2.用拟人化的手法，显示出诗人新颖而独到的想象力。表达自己僻居深林之中，也并不为此感到孤独的心情的是 。
(二)春夜洛城闻笛(李白)
1.李白《春夜洛城闻笛》一诗中，诗人听到《折杨柳》曲调，不觉思念自己的家乡和亲人的诗句： 。 2.《春夜洛城闻笛》中与“乡书何处达，归雁洛阳城”有异曲同工之妙的诗句是： !
3.表达诗人自己情怀，却从他人反说。不言“我”，却更见“我”感触之深，乡思之切的是： 。
(三)逢入京使(岑参)
1.写诗人由于行色匆匆，只好用捎口信方式表达怀亲之情的两句是： 。 2.《逢入京使》中运用夸张手法传达惜别深情的诗句是： 。
3.岑参《逢入京使》一诗中，表达诗人对家乡、亲人无限眷念的深情的两句是： 。
(四)晚春(韩愈)
1.诗中运用拟人的修辞手法，形象生动地写出了晚春时节花草树木竞相开花、争妍斗艳的美丽景象的句子是： 。
2.通过拟人的修辞写就连那本来没有任何姿色的杨花、榆荚也不甘示弱，化作雪花随风飞舞，加入了留春的行列的句子是： 。
3.(诗中蕴含哲理的句子是)一个人“无才思”并不可怕，要紧的是珍惜光阴，不失时机，“春光”是不负“杨花榆荚”这样的有心人的句子是： 。
(五)《木兰诗》(南北朝乐府北方民歌)
1.《木兰诗》写木兰从军的原因是： 。
2.《木兰诗》中表现木兰出征前紧张繁忙、周密有序的预备情形的几句是： 。
3、《木兰诗》中写爷娘、姐姐、弟弟迎接木兰归来的诗句是： 。
4、成语“扑朔迷离”出自《木兰诗》中的： 。
5、《木兰诗》中简写木兰奔赴战场的矫健雄姿两句： 。
6、《凉州词》诗云：“醉卧沙场君莫笑，古来征战几人回。”《木兰诗》中有相似的两句诗是： 。
7、《木兰诗》写征途遥远行军神速的语句是： 。
8、《木兰诗》中体现木兰战功卓著的是： 。
9、《木兰诗》中运用对偶写边塞夜景和军营寒苦： 。
10、《木兰诗》中描写木兰辞别父母踏上征途情景、思念亲人的诗句是： 。
11、写战争激烈紧张的句子是： 。
12、诗中描写边塞战地夜景的两句是： 。
13、突出木兰不图功名利禄的高尚品德的句子是： 。
14、《木兰诗》中描写战事频繁而惨烈，经历了长期战斗岁月而木兰最终英雄般凯旋的句子是(共10字)： 。
15、赞颂木兰谨慎、聪明、勇敢、能力不逊于男子的议论句是： 。
16、《木兰诗》中概括写木兰十年征战生活的句子是： 。
17、《木兰诗》中表现木兰凯旋而归后的强烈愿望诗句是： 。 18.《木兰诗》中描写木兰万里迢迢，奔赴战场的诗句是：万里赴戎机，关山度若飞。 19.《木兰诗》中与成语“扑朔迷离”有关且用生动而通俗的比喻，道出全诗主旨的诗句是： !
20.《木兰诗》中说明战争旷日持久，战斗激烈且概括了木兰多年征战经历的名句是： 。
(六)《陋室铭》刘禹锡
1、《陋室铭》中暗示虽陋室而不陋，点明文章主旨的语句是： 。
2、《陋室铭》中描写陋室优美的自然环境句子是： 。
3、《陋室铭》中写陋室来往客人之高雅的诗句是： 。
4、《陋室铭》中表现正反面虚实结合写主人生活情趣的高雅，衬托陋室不陋的语句是： 。
5、《陋室铭》中反映作者以古代贤人自况的思想境界，暗示陋室不陋是： 。
6、《陋室铭》中引用孔子的话，画龙点睛，总结全文的句子是： “ ?”。
(七)《爱莲说》周敦颐
1、描写莲花高洁质朴的句子是： 。
2、全文的中心句是： 。
3、周敦颐《爱莲说》:咏莲名句： 。
4、公园花展，观赏牡丹的人总比观赏其它花的人多,用《爱莲说》中的话来说，就是： 。
5、表现主人不受世俗羁绊，对世俗生活厌弃的句子是： ?
6、作者从生长环境、体态香气、风度气质三方面描写莲美好形象的句子是： 。
7、与“近朱者赤，近墨者黑”相对比，集中表现莲高洁品质，现在人们常用来比喻某些人不与世俗同流合污而又洁身自好的句子是： 。
8、比喻君子通达事理、行为方正、美名远扬的语句是： 。
9、写君子行为方正，通达事理，不攀附权贵的句子是： 。
10、写君子志洁行廉，仪态端庄，令人敬重而不敢轻侮的语句是： 。
11、最能概括莲花高贵品质的句子是(主旨句)： 。
(八)《登幽州台歌》(陈子昂)
1.陈子昂《登幽州台歌》中表达陈子昂生不逢时、怀才不遇的诗句是： 。
2.陈子昂《登幽州台歌》中抒发诗人独立于悠悠天地间，孤独寂寞之情的诗句是 。
(九)《望岳》(杜甫)
1.杜甫在《望岳》中，借齐鲁大地烘托泰山拔地而起，参天耸立形象的语句是： 。 2.杜甫在《望岳》中，虚实结合，描写泰山神奇秀丽，巍峨高大的诗句是： 。 3.杜甫在《望岳》中表现泰山高峻，幽深的诗句： 。
4.杜甫在《望岳》中表达不畏困难，敢于攀登绝顶，俯视一切的雄心壮志的诗句是： 。
(十)《登飞来峰》(王安石)
1.王安石《登飞来峰》中富于哲理，借情抒景，表达自己锐意改革的远大政治抱负的诗句是： 。 2.《登飞来峰》：与王之涣“欲穷千里目,更上一曾楼”(“会当凌绝顶,一览众山小”)两句有异曲同工之妙的两句诗： .
(十一)《游山西村》(陆游)
1.陆游在《游山西村》一诗中流传最广，景物描写中寓含哲理，千百年来被人们广为传诵的两句是： 。 2.陆游在《游山西村》一诗中，表现村中热闹景象.民风淳朴的语句： 。 3.陆游在《游山西村》一诗中，表现农家热情好客的淳朴性格的诗句是： 。
4、《游山西村》中写村民们在迎接神的箫鼓中来来往往祈求丰收的诗句是： 。
(十二)《己亥杂诗》(龚自珍)
1.龚自珍在《己亥杂诗》中形象地表达了自己虽然辞官，但仍会关心国家的前途和命运且代落花立意，倾吐心曲，表现崇高的献身精神的句子是： 。
2. 龚自珍的《己亥杂诗》：写诗人辞官之后的离愁别绪的诗句是： 。
3、《己亥杂诗》写诗人辞官之后的离愁别绪/抒情议论相结合，表现诗人离开京城豪迈、洒脱的气概的诗句是： 。
4、《己亥杂诗》欧阳修曾叹：泪眼问花花不语，乱红飞过秋千去。其实，《己亥杂诗》中“ ”一诗句，又何尝不是一种新意呢?它不是表现了龚自珍载着“浩荡离愁”辞官还乡，仍关心国家的前途和命运吗?
(十三)《泊秦淮》(杜牧)
1.《泊秦淮》一诗中，诗人借“商女”而批评沉溺于歌舞升平而“不知”国之将亡的统治者的一句诗是： 。 2.杜牧的《泊秦淮》中描写秦淮河特有的夜间景致的句子是： 。
3、《泊秦淮》中表现诗人的忧患意识(借古讽今)的诗句是： 。
(十四)《贾生》李商隐
1、表现汉文帝诚意十足，贾生才华横溢的句子： 。
(十五)《过松源晨炊漆公店》(杨万里)
1、《过松源晨炊漆公店》中用生动形象的比喻含蓄地说明了许多生活中看似容易的事，其实做起来并不容易的道理的句子是： 。
2.登山、下山这一日常生活现象中总结哲理的句子是： 。
3.李玉同学刚升入初中，经过一段时间的学习，他感觉学习没有什么困难，于是学习有些松懈了。请你用《过松源晨炊漆公店》中的两句诗告诫他： 。
(十六)《约客》(赵师秀)
1.赵师秀《约客》一诗中，描写江南梅雨时节清新幽静可爱景色，交待深夜候客客不至的原因，衬托诗人孤寂，无聊心情的两句是： 。
2.赵师秀《约客》一诗中，表达诗人候客时长而失望焦躁情绪的两句是： 。
2、笔锋一转，借古讽今揭示唐晚期皇帝求仙访道，不顾国计民生的现实，寄寓诗人怀才不遇的感慨的句子是： 。
部编七年级语文下册古诗文理解性默写(完整版)
(一)《竹里馆》(王维)
1.写人物活动，体现诗人高雅闲淡、超拔脱俗的气质，而这却是不容易引起别人共鸣的是独坐幽篁里，弹琴复长啸。
2.用拟人化的手法，显示出诗人新颖而独到的想象力。表达自己僻居深林之中，也并不为此感到孤独的心情的是深林人不知，明月来相照。
(二)春夜洛城闻笛(李白)
1.李白《春夜洛城闻笛》一诗中，诗人听到《折杨柳》曲调，不觉思念自己的家乡和亲人的诗句：此夜曲中闻折柳 何人不起故园情 2.《春夜洛城闻笛》中与“乡书何处达，归雁洛阳城”有异曲同工之妙的诗句是：此夜曲中闻折柳，何人不起故园情!
3.表达诗人自己情怀，却从他人反说。不言“我”，却更见“我”感触之深，乡思之切的是：此夜曲中闻折柳，何人不起故园情。
(三)逢入京使(岑参)
1.写诗人由于行色匆匆，只好用捎口信方式表达怀亲之情的两句是：马上相逢无纸笔，凭君传语报平安。 2.《逢入京使》中运用夸张手法传达惜别深情的诗句是：故园东望路漫漫，双袖龙钟泪不干。
3.岑参《逢入京使》一诗中，表达诗人对家乡、亲人无限眷念的深情的两句是：故园东望路漫漫，双袖龙钟泪不干
(四)晚春(韩愈)
1.诗中运用拟人的修辞手法，形象生动地写出了晚春时节花草树木竞相开花、争妍斗艳的美丽景象的句子是：草树知春不久归，百般红紫斗芳菲。
2.通过拟人的修辞写就连那本来没有任何姿色的杨花、榆荚也不甘示弱，化作雪花随风飞舞，加入了留春的行列的句子是：杨花榆荚无才思，惟解漫天作雪飞。
3.(诗中蕴含哲理的句子是)一个人“无才思”并不可怕，要紧的是珍惜光阴，不失时机，“春光”是不负“杨花榆荚”这样的有心人的句子是：杨花榆荚无才思，惟解漫天作雪飞。
(五)《木兰诗》(南北朝乐府北方民歌)
1.《木兰诗》写木兰从军的原因是：昨夜见军帖，可汗大点兵。军书十二卷，卷卷有爷名，阿爷无大儿，木兰无长兄。
2.《木兰诗》中表现木兰出征前紧张繁忙、周密有序的预备情形的几句是：东市买骏马，西市买鞍貉，南市买辔头，北市买长鞭。
3、《木兰诗》中写爷娘、姐姐、弟弟迎接木兰归来的诗句是：爷娘闻女来，出郭相扶将。阿姊闻妹来，当户理红妆。小弟闻姊来，磨刀霍霍向猪羊。
4、成语“扑朔迷离”出自《木兰诗》中的：雄兔脚扑朔，雌兔眼迷离。
5、《木兰诗》中简写木兰奔赴战场的矫健雄姿两句：万里赴戎机，关山度若飞。
6、《凉州词》诗云：“醉卧沙场君莫笑，古来征战几人回。”《木兰诗》中有相似的两句诗是：将军百战死，壮士十年归。
7、《木兰诗》写征途遥远行军神速的语句是：万里赴戎机，关山度若飞。
8、《木兰诗》中体现木兰战功卓著的是：策勋十二转，赏赐百千强。
9、《木兰诗》中运用对偶写边塞夜景和军营寒苦：朔气传金析，寒光照铁衣。
10、《木兰诗》中描写木兰辞别父母踏上征途情景、思念亲人的诗句是：旦辞爷娘去，暮至黄河边。不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅。但辞黄河去，暮宿黑山头。不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻燕山胡骑鸣啾啾。
11、写战争激烈紧张的句子是：万里赴戎机，关山度若飞。朔气传金柝，寒光照铁衣。将军百战死，壮士十年归。
12、诗中描写边塞战地夜景的两句是：朔气传金柝，寒光照铁衣。
13、突出木兰不图功名利禄的高尚品德的句子是：可汗问所欲，木兰不用尚书郎。
14、《木兰诗》中描写战事频繁而惨烈，经历了长期战斗岁月而木兰最终英雄般凯旋的句子是(共10字)：将军百战死，壮士十年归。
15、赞颂木兰谨慎、聪明、勇敢、能力不逊于男子的议论句是：雄兔脚扑朔,雌兔眼迷离;双兔傍地走,安能辨我是雄雌。
16、《木兰诗》中概括写木兰十年征战生活的句子是：朔气传金柝，寒光照铁衣。将军百战死，壮士十年归。
17、《木兰诗》中表现木兰凯旋而归后的强烈愿望诗句是：愿驰千里足，送儿还故乡 18.《木兰诗》中描写木兰万里迢迢，奔赴战场的诗句是：万里赴戎机，关山度若飞。
19.《木兰诗》中与成语“扑朔迷离”有关且用生动而通俗的比喻，道出全诗主旨的诗句是：雄兔脚扑朔，雌兔眼迷离;双兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌!
20.《木兰诗》中说明战争旷日持久，战斗激烈且概括了木兰多年征战经历的名句是：将军百战死，壮士十年归。
(六)《陋室铭》刘禹锡
1、《陋室铭》中暗示虽陋室而不陋，点明文章主旨的语句是：斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。
2、《陋室铭》中描写陋室优美的自然环境句子是：苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。
3、《陋室铭》中写陋室来往客人之高雅的诗句是：谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。
4、《陋室铭》中表现正反面虚实结合写主人生活情趣的高雅，衬托陋室不陋的语句是： 可以调素琴，阅金经，无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。
5、《陋室铭》中反映作者以古代贤人自况的思想境界，暗示陋室不陋是： 南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭 。
6、《陋室铭》中引用孔子的话，画龙点睛，总结全文的句子是： “何陋之有?”。
(七)《爱莲说》周敦颐
1、描写莲花高洁质朴的句子是：出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖。
2、全文的中心句是：莲，花之君子者也。
3、周敦颐《爱莲说》:咏莲名句：予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖，中通外直，不蔓不枝，香远益清，亭亭净植，可远观而不可亵玩焉。
4、公园花展，观赏牡丹的人总比观赏其它花的人多,用《爱莲说》中的话来说，就是：牡丹之爱，宜乎众矣。
5、表现主人不受世俗羁绊，对世俗生活厌弃的句子是：莲之爱，同予者何人?
6、作者从生长环境、体态香气、风度气质三方面描写莲美好形象的句子是：出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖，中通外直，不蔓不枝，香远益清，亭亭净植，可远观而不可亵玩焉。
7、与“近朱者赤，近墨者黑”相对比，集中表现莲高洁品质，现在人们常用来比喻某些人不与世俗同流合污而又洁身自好的句子是：出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖。
8、比喻君子通达事理、行为方正、美名远扬的语句是：中通外直，不蔓不枝，香远益清。
9、写君子行为方正，通达事理，不攀附权贵的句子是：中通外直，不蔓不枝。
10、写君子志洁行廉，仪态端庄，令人敬重而不敢轻侮的语句是：亭亭净植，可远观而不可亵玩焉。
11、最能概括莲花高贵品质的句子是(主旨句)：莲，花之君子者也。
(八)《登幽州台歌》(陈子昂)
1.陈子昂《登幽州台歌》中表达陈子昂生不逢时、怀才不遇的诗句是：前不见古人，后不见来者。
2.陈子昂《登幽州台歌》中抒发诗人独立于悠悠天地间，孤独寂寞之情的诗句是：念天地之悠悠，独怆然而涕下。
(九)《望岳》(杜甫)
1.杜甫在《望岳》中，借齐鲁大地烘托泰山拔地而起，参天耸立形象的语句是：岱宗夫如何?齐鲁青未了。 2.杜甫在《望岳》中，虚实结合，描写泰山神奇秀丽，巍峨高大的诗句是：造化钟神秀，阴阳割昏晓。 3.杜甫在《望岳》中表现泰山高峻，幽深的诗句：荡胸生层云，决眦入归鸟。
4.杜甫在《望岳》中表达不畏困难，敢于攀登绝顶，俯视一切的雄心壮志的诗句是：会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。
(十)《登飞来峰》(王安石)
1.王安石《登飞来峰》中富于哲理，借情抒景，表达自己锐意改革的远大政治抱负的诗句是：不畏浮云遮望眼，自缘身在最高层。
2.《登飞来峰》：与王之涣“欲穷千里目,更上一曾楼”(“会当凌绝顶,一览众山小”)两句有异曲同工之妙的两句诗：不畏浮云遮望眼,自缘身在最高层.
(十一)《游山西村》(陆游)
1.陆游在《游山西村》一诗中流传最广，景物描写中寓含哲理，千百年来被人们广为传诵的两句是：山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。
2.陆游在《游山西村》一诗中，表现村中热闹景象.民风淳朴的语句：萧鼓追随春社近，衣冠简朴古风存。 3.陆游在《游山西村》一诗中，表现农家热情好客的淳朴性格的诗句是：莫笑农家腊酒浑，丰年留客足鸡豚。
4、《游山西村》中写村民们在迎接神的箫鼓中来来往往祈求丰收的诗句是：箫鼓追随春社近，衣冠简朴古风存。
(十二)《己亥杂诗》(龚自珍)
1.龚自珍在《己亥杂诗》中形象地表达了自己虽然辞官，但仍会关心国家的前途和命运且代落花立意，倾吐心曲，表现崇高的献身精神的句子是：落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花。
2. 龚自珍的《己亥杂诗》：写诗人辞官之后的离愁别绪的诗句是：浩荡离愁白日斜，吟鞭东指即天涯。
3、《己亥杂诗》写诗人辞官之后的离愁别绪/抒情议论相结合，表现诗人离开京城豪迈、洒脱的气概的诗句是：浩荡离愁白日斜，吟鞭东指即天涯。
4、《己亥杂诗》欧阳修曾叹：泪眼问花花不语，乱红飞过秋千去。其实，《己亥杂诗》中“落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花”一诗句，又何尝不是一种新意呢?它不是表现了龚自珍载着“浩荡离愁”辞官还乡，仍关心国家的前途和命运吗?
(十三)《泊秦淮》(杜牧)
1.《泊秦淮》一诗中，诗人借“商女”而批评沉溺于歌舞升平而“不知”国之将亡的统治者的一句诗是：商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱后庭花。
2.杜牧的《泊秦淮》中描写秦淮河特有的夜间景致的句子是：烟笼寒水月笼沙，夜泊秦淮近酒家。
3、《泊秦淮》中表现诗人的忧患意识(借古讽今)的诗句是：商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱后庭花。
(十四)《贾生》李商隐
1、表现汉文帝诚意十足，贾生才华横溢的句子：宣室求贤访逐臣，贾生才调更无伦。
2、笔锋一转，借古讽今揭示唐晚期皇帝求仙访道，不顾国计民生的现实，寄寓诗人怀才不遇的感慨的句子是：可怜夜半虚前席，不问苍生问鬼神
(十五)《过松源晨炊漆公店》(杨万里)
1、《过松源晨炊漆公店》中用生动形象的比喻含蓄地说明了许多生活中看似容易的事，其实做起来并不容易的道理的句子是：正入万山圈子里，一山放过一山拦。
2.登山、下山这一日常生活现象中总结哲理的句子是：莫言下岭便无难，赚得行人空喜欢。
3.李玉同学刚升入初中，经过一段时间的学习，他感觉学习没有什么困难，于是学习有些松懈了。请你用《过松源晨炊漆公店》中的两句诗告诫他：正入万山圈子里，一山放过一山拦。
(十六)《约客》(赵师秀)
1.赵师秀《约客》一诗中，描写江南梅雨时节清新幽静可爱景色，交待深夜候客客不至的原因，衬托诗人孤寂，无聊心情的两句是：黄梅时节家家雨，青草池塘处处蛙。
2.赵师秀《约客》一诗中，表达诗人候客时长而失望焦躁情绪的两句是：有约不来过夜半，闲敲棋子落灯花。
11-8
最贵的项链
①店主站在柜台后面，望着窗外。一个小女孩走过来，出神地盯着那条蓝宝
石项链看。
②她说：“我想(买卖)给我姐姐。您能包装得漂亮一点吗?”店主(猜
疑 怀疑)地打量着小女孩，说：“你有多少钱?”
③小女孩从口袋里掏出一个手帕，小心翼翼地解开所有的结，然后摊开在柜
台上，兴奋地说：“这些可以吗?”她拿出来的不过是几枚硬币而( 以 已)。
④她说：“今天是姐姐的生日，我想把它当作礼物送给她。自从妈妈去世以
后，她就像妈妈一样照顾我们。我相信她一定会喜欢这条项链的，因为项链的颜
色就像她的眼睛一样。”
⑤店主拿出了那条项链，装在一个小盒子里，用一张漂亮的红色包装纸包好，
在上面系了一条绿色的丝带。他对小女孩说：“拿去吧，小心点。”小女孩连蹦带
跳地回家了。∥
⑥在这一天的工作快要结束的时候店里来了一位美丽的姑娘她有一
双蓝色的眼睛她把已经打开的礼品盒放在柜台上问道这条项链是从
这儿买的吗多少钱
⑦本店商品的价格是卖主和顾客之间的秘密店主回答道
⑧姑娘说：“我妹妹只有几枚硬币，这条宝石项链却是货真价实。她买不起
的。”
⑨店主接过盒子，(细心 精心)将包装重新包好，系上丝带，又递给了姑娘：
“她给出了比任何人都高的价格，她付出了她所拥有的一切!” ∥
1、联系上下文理解词语。
(1)小心翼翼：
(2)货真价实：
2、在文中括号里恰当的字、词上打“√”。
3.给
6、7两个自然段加上合适的标点。
4.小女孩很想买那项链，这可以从文章第一节中“”、“”这两
个词了解到。第三小节中“连蹦带跳”一词写出了小女孩买到项链后的心情。
5、文章用“∥”分成了2段，请用简洁的话语概括第一部分的段意。
6、请仔细阅读第一部分，并联系下文的第二部分店主所说的话“她给出了比任
何人都高的价格，她付出了她所拥有的一切”，想想店主听了小女孩的话，会怎
么想?请写下来。(50个字以上)
听了小女孩的话，店主想:
7、文章题目是“最贵的项链”，你认为其中的“贵”是因为什么吗?至少写两点。
最贵的项链
店主站在柜台后面，望着窗外。一个小女孩走过来，出神地盯着那条蓝宝石
项链看。
①店主站在柜台后面，望着窗外。一个小女孩走过来，出神地盯着那条蓝宝
石项链看。
②她说：“我想(买√卖)给我姐姐。您能包装得漂亮一点吗?”店主(猜
疑 怀疑√)地打量着小女孩，说：“你有多少钱?”
③小女孩从口袋里掏出一个手帕，小心翼翼地解开所有的结，然后摊开在柜
台上，兴奋地说：“这些可以吗?”她拿出来的不过是几枚硬币而( 以 已√)。
④她说：“今天是姐姐的生日，我想把它当作礼物送给她。自从妈妈去世以
后，她就像妈妈一样照顾我们。我相信她一定会喜欢这条项链的，因为项链的颜
色就像她的眼睛一样。”
⑤店主拿出了那条项链，装在一个小盒子里，用一张漂亮的红色包装纸包好，
在上面系了一条绿色的丝带。他对小女孩说：“拿去吧，小心点。”小女孩连蹦带
跳地回家了。∥
⑥在这一天的工作快要结束的时候，店里来了一位美丽的姑娘，她有一双蓝
色的眼睛。她把已经打开的礼品盒放在柜台上，问道：“这条项链是从这儿买的
吗?多少钱?”
⑦“本店商品的价格是卖主和顾客之间的秘密。” 店主回答道 。
⑧姑娘说：“我妹妹只有几枚硬币，这条宝石项链却是货真价实。她买不起
的。”
⑨店主接过盒子，(细心 精心√)将包装重新包好，系上丝带，又递给了姑
娘：“她给出了比任何人都高的价格，她付出了她所拥有的一切!” ∥
1、联系上下文理解词语。1*2=2分
(1)小心翼翼：形容非常的谨慎和小心。
(2)货真价实：货物不是冒牌的，价钱也是实在的。形容实实在在，一点不
假。
2、在文中括号里恰当的字、词上打“√”。0.5*4=2分
3.给
6、7两个自然段加上合适的标点。0.25*10=2.5分
4.小女孩很想买那项链，这可以从文章第一节中“出神”、“盯着 ”这两
个词了解到。第三小节中“连蹦带跳”一词写出了小女孩买到项链后
喜悦、高兴、兴奋等的心情。0.5*3=1.5分
5、文章用“∥”分成了2段，请用简洁的话语概括第一部分的段意。1分
小女孩想用几个硬币给姐姐买条蓝宝石项链做礼物，店主卖给了她。
6、请仔细阅读第一部分，并联系下文的第二部分店主所说的话“她给出了比任
何人都高的价格，她付出了她所拥有的一切”，想想店主听了小女孩的话，会怎
么想?请写下来。(50个字以上)3分
听了小女孩的话，店主想:这是一个多么乖巧、多么懂事的孩子啊!她小小年
纪已经懂得感恩，懂得关心。这几个硬币一定是她省吃俭用才积攒起来的所有的零花钱吧!她姐姐也是个了不起的姑娘，在母亲去世以后，照顾妹妹，一定很辛苦!这姐妹两个的所作所为，真的十分令人感动!这个小姑娘(姐妹俩)的心灵
比这项链更加宝贵，胜过一切的金钱 !让我来帮帮她吧，我必须要帮助她!„„
(不谈到姐姐，但谈到妹妹的行为令人感动，是无价的，也可以了)
8、文章题目是“最贵的项链”，你认为其中的“贵”是因为什么吗?至少写两点。
3分
令所有人感动，是无价的，胜过一切。
姐姐：坚强——妈妈去世以后，担负起照顾妹妹的重任。
诚实、正直——知道妹妹的钱是买不起项链的，回到商店想不足差价
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